Dental hygiene 202

According to Darby and Walsh if a dental hygienist sees his or her practice as scientific based, uses prevention strategy, and functions as a cotherapist, he or she is operating according to what conceptual model?

Why is dental hygiene research important?

All of the following is private practice methodology except ________.

Place the Steps of the Scientific Method in the correct order.

Match each step from research methodology in column 2 to the appropriate process from private practice methodology in column 1. (LEARN THIS ORDER)

Who is the founder of dental hygiene?

If dental hygiene is to evolve as a specific scientific discipline, ________.

Evidence-Based Practice means ________.

Which source provides funding for the educational and research activities of dental hygienists?

Evidence-based practice takes into account which preferences?

Which of the following is NOT part of the Research Methodology Analogy?

What is a body of techniques that uses observation, reason, and experimentation to further evidence?

The purpose of dental hygiene research is to ________.

What is the first step of the scientific method?

Which is NOT an attribute of Scholarly Identity?

Ethical behavior in research may be described as what is ________.

Bioethics, an important aspect of conducting research, refers to the inherent role of ethics in health care and the established norms that distinguish between morally acceptable and unacceptable research practices.

An institutional review board should include which roles?

The most compelling ethical dilemma with the Tuskegee Study was which of the following?

Informed consent, another ethical consideration, requires educating a subject in a research study about the study's purpose, duration, experimental procedures, alternatives, risks, and benefits.

When research involves human subjects, an informed consent must be obtained because subjects should always understand the research in which they are participating.

Research misconduct may include ________

What group is charged with reviewing the ethical implications of a research study?

What act adds to the confidentiality of patient records?

When a covered entity conducts clinical research involving protected health information (PHI), dental hygienists-investigators must understand the HIPAA privacy rules' restrictions on the use and disclosure of patients' PHI, such as information from a patient's medical chart or test results, as well as an individual's billing information for medical services rendered, when that information is held or transmitted by an entity. PHI also includes identifiable health information about subjects of clinical research gathered by a researcher who is a health care provider.

Making good ethical decisions in research can help an institution, researchers, and society as a whole. On the other hand, poor ethical choices tend to accumulate or snowball and can sometimes become unethical habits, which can affect all of us.

The Nuremberg Code was a result of ________.

The Belmont Report describes ethical principles and guidelines for research involving human subjects. Identified principles include which of the following?

Ethics, in a "nutshell," is about doing the right thing.

Government entities such as the state department review research conducted in the private sector.

A study in which neither the participant nor the researcher knows who is using a product or placebo is termed ________.

In a posttest-only design, the independent variable is introducing and then the dependent variable is measured.

A study that uses questionnaires, opinionnaires, interviews, and indexes is called a ________.

Stratifying a sample would define information such as age, gender, sex, income level, or educational levels.

Which study approximates the true experimental approach but lacks the control of true experimentation?

Which study tries to investigate cause-and-effect relationships and involves manipulation of variables?

Which approach studies the meaning of past events?

The attempt to identify and describe the topic being researched is ________.

Which type of approach describes and interprets current events or situations?

Posttest sensitization is the effect of the pretest on the outcome of the study.

Which type of research studies the same population over an extended period of time?

Which type of research, for example, considers the effect of intraoral sodium bicarbonate rinses on the periodontal ligament of laboratory rats?

Which approach measures the relationship between variables?

Which type of study investigates existing differences to determine possible causes?

Which type of study is an in-depth report on a single person, group, event, or situation?

To report an average without a measure of dispersion can misrepresent the data

What involves the application of statistical tests to the data in order to organize, describe, summarize, and analyze it to answer a research question or test a hypothesis?

Characteristics of effective tables and graphs include ________.

Which of the following represents the average distance of each score from the mean?

Which of the following can be determined by examining the mean and median of the distribution?

The mode is the ________.

Which theorem suggests that if an infinite number of randomly selected samples is drawn from a population, the means of the samples tend to be normally distributed, and the average of the sample mean is very close to the mean?

Which is determined by subtracting the highest score from the lowest score?

This error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected, and it is true.

A histogram uses dots on a frequency table

Which is the most common correlation coefficient?

The mean is commonly considered to be the ________

Most events in this world tend to fall into a bell-shaped curve called a normal distribution, sometimes called the ________.

The mean of the following set of values is 3: 7, 7, 8, 8, and 5.

A bar graph is used to present categorical data.

Which is a perfect correlation?

The median is the ________.

What requires that critical thinking be used to explain the meaning and application of the findings and identify possible factors that could influence the results?

The following set of values has two modes: 7, 7, 8, 8, 5.

This refers to a relationship or association between variables that can be measured mathematically.

Observational studies can be conducted to infer causality.

The prevention agenda for the United States is discussed in which publication?

The theory that a disease can be attributed to many factors is termed ________.

The study of disease in a target population is called ________.

What source contains oral epidemiological data from around the world?

A risk marker is an attribute that is associated with the increased probability of disease but is not considered to have a causal role.

Causality means that a particular exposure results in a particular outcome.

What publication is a compilation of cogent issues currently studied?

A risk indicator is a modifiable attribute that is known to be associated with a health condition.

Establishing risk is the same as establishing causality.

Bacterial plaque converts all foods, especially sugar, into acid.

Periodontal disease is caused by convergence of bacteria and an aggressive ________.

Dental caries is the most common of all diseases.

Root caries are most common in teenagers.

The host response is important in severe periodontitis.

In the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), how many adults were found to have gingivitis?

The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a given period of time is called ________.

The number of all existing cases of a disease in a population measured at a given point is called ________.

Overall, the prevalence of both partial and total tooth loss in adults has ________.

Significant health disparities exist in different ethnic groups.

A dental hygienist should recommend products based on the ADA Seal

The ADA Seal of Acceptance program is regulated by the ________.

In the scientific community it is considered the cutoff point for statistical significance if a p value is equal or less than ________.

A peer-reviewed article indicates that the article has been reviewed by ________.

Which of the following parts of a research report should include a detailed description of the research instruments, equipment, procedures, and method of data analysis?

A study should be randomized if at all possible.

Which of the following parts of a research report should include a variety of current and relevant studies?

Which of the following parts of a research report should contain a condensed version of the purpose, methods, results, and conclusion?

Which of the following sources can be used to locate information on dental care products?

Which of the following parts of a research report should include a summary of all relevant data, including statistics and data characteristics?

Currently dental products are under the regulation of which government department?

The FDA provides dental professionals with information concerning various health products through their FDA ________.

PubMed is a reliable source to find research reports and is from the ________.

Studies need to have enough subjects to be valid.

Which of the following parts of a research report should evaluate and interpret findings?