BasicOSH MA2

Is a potential source of harm or adverse health effect on a person or persons

Are often used interchangeably but this simple example explains the difference between the two. If there was a spill of water in a room then that water would present a slipping hazard to persons passing through it. If access to that area was prevented by a physical barrier then the hazard would remain though the risk would be minimised.

Is the likelihood that a person may be harmed or suffers adverse health effects if exposed to a hazard

Consists of all steps necessary to protect workers from exposure to a substance or system, the training and the procedures required to monitor worker exposure and their health to hazards such as chemicals, materials or substance, or other types of hazards such as noise and vibration.

Should outline which methods are being used to control the exposure and how these controls will be monitored for effectiveness.

Selecting an appropriate control is not always easy.

Selecting an appropriate control often involves doing a ____________ to evaluate and prioritize the hazards and risks.

Both "normal" and any potential or unusual situations must be studied in selecting an appropriate control.

Each program should be specially designed to suit the needs of the individual workplace. Hence, two programs will be exactly alike.

Has a duty of due diligence and is responsible for 'taking all reasonable precautions, under the particular circumstances, to prevent injuries or accidents in the workplace'.

Should never be viewed as a line between "safe" and "unsafe".

The best approach to control hazard is to always keep exposures or the risk of a hazard as high as possible.

Rank this

Include actions that can be taken to reduce the potential of exposure to the hazard

Could be to remove the hazard or to reduce the likelihood of the risk of the exposure to that hazard being realised.

Would be the secure guarding of moving parts of machinery eliminating the potential for contact.

Hierarchy of controls (most to least effective)

Is not always achievable though it does totally remove the hazard and thereby eliminates the risk of exposure.

Elimination of the hazard is always achievable though it does totally remove the hazard and thereby eliminates the risk of exposure.

May not remove all of the hazards associated with the process or activity and may introduce different hazards but the overall harm or health effects will be lessened.

In laboratory research, ______ is now often used as a substitute for benzene.

Is achieved by restricting access to plant and equipment or in the case of substances locking them away under strict controls.

Involve redesigning a process to place a barrier between the person and the hazard or remove the hazard from the person, such as machinery guarding, proximity guarding, extraction systems or removing the operator to a remote location away from the hazard.

Include adopting standard operating procedures or safe work practices or providing appropriate training, instruction or information to reduce the potential for harm and/or adverse health effects to person(s).

Isolation and permit to work procedures are examples of

Include gloves, glasses, earmuffs, aprons, safety footwear, dust masks which are designed to reduce exposure to the hazard.

is usually seen as the last line of defence and is usually used in conjunction with one or more of the other control measures.

Full form of PPE

Are methods that are built into the design of a plant, equipment or process to minimize the hazard.

Are a very reliable way to control worker exposures as long as the controls are designed, used and maintained properly.

Involves changing the way a job activity or process is done to reduce the risk.

Monitoring should not be done before and as well as after the change is implemented to make sure the changes did, in fact, control the hazard.

means that water is sprayed over a dusty surface to keep dust levels down or material is mixed with water to prevent dust from being created.

Use a regular "household" vacuum cleaner, especially when cleaning toxic material such as lead, or asbestos.

Use diesel ones rather than electric motors to eliminate exhaust emissions.

The less workers have to handle or use the materials, the less potential there is for exposure.

These methods aim to keep the chemical "in" and the worker "out" (or vice versa).

Keeps a selected hazard "physically" away from the worker.

Places the hazardous process "geographically" away from the majority of the workers.

Is a method of control that strategically "adds" and "removes" air in the work environment.

Can remove or dilute an air contaminant if designed properly.

Is very adaptable to almost all chemicals and operations.

It removes the contaminant at the source so it cannot disperse into the work space and it generally uses lower exhaust rates than general ventilation (general ventilation usually exchanges air in the entire room).

Is an effective means of controlling hazardous exposures but should be used when other methods (such as elimination or substitution) are not possible.

Captures the contaminants generated in the air

Carries the contaminated air to the air cleaning device, if present or to the fan

Draws the air from the hood into the ducts and removes the air from the workspace.

Overcome all the losses due to friction, hood entry, and fittings in the system while producing the intended flow rate.

May also be present that can remove contaminants such as dust (particulates), gases and vapours from the air stream before it is discharged or exhausted into the environment (outside air), depending on the material(s) being used in the hood.

Limit workers' exposures by scheduling shorter work times in contaminant areas or by implementing other "rules".

These control measures have many limitations because the hazard itself is not actually removed or reduced.

Are not generally favoured because they can be difficult to implement, maintain and are not a reliable way to reduce exposure.

Are also a form of administrative controls.

On how to conduct their work safely helps to minimize the risk of exposure and is a critical element of any complete workplace health and safety program.

Must cover not only how to do the job safely but it must also ensure that workers understand the hazards and risks of their job.

It must also provide them with information on how to protect themselves and co-workers.

Is essential to prevent the accumulation of hazardous or toxic materials (e.g., build-up of dust or contaminant on ledges, or beams), or hazardous conditions (e.g., poor stockpiling).

Means making sure that the necessary equipment and supplies are readily available and that employees know what to do when something unplanned happens such as a release, spill, fire or injury.

These procedures should be written and employees should have the opportunity to practice their emergency response skills regularly.

Are another effective way to reduce the amount of a hazardous material absorbed, ingested or inhaled by a worker.

They are particularly effective if the contaminant(s) can accumulate on the skin, clothing or hair.

Is equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards that cause serious workplace injuries and illnesses.

Are required to train each worker required to use personal protective equipment to know: When it is necessary What kind is necessary How to properly put it on, adjust, wear and take it off The limitations of the equipment Proper care, maintenance, useful life, and disposal of the equipment

Must provide personal protective equipment to their workers and ensure its proper use.

This program should address the hazards present; the selection, maintenance, and use of PPE; the training of employees; and monitoring of the program to ensure its ongoing effectiveness.

Personal protective equipment should be the only method used to reduce exposure except under very specific circumstances because PPE may "fail" (stop protecting the worker) with little or no warning.

Shall at his own expense furnish his workers with protective equipment for the eyes, face, hands and feet, protective shields and barriers whenever necessary by reason of the ha- zardous nature of the process or environment, chemical or radiological or other mechanical irritants or hazards capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical contact.

All personal protective equipment shall be of the approved design and construction appropriate for the exposure and the work to be performed.

The employer shall be responsible for the adequacy and proper maintenance of personal protective equipment used in his workplace.

No person shall be subjected or exposed to a hazardous environmental condition without protection.

General Provisions

Eyes and face protective equipment shall be required where there is reasonable probability of exposure to such hazards. In such cases, the employer shall furnish a type of protective equipment suitable for the work to be performed and the employees shall use such equipment. Eye protection shall be provided where the processes or operations present hazards of flying objects, liquids, injurious radiation, glare or a combination of these hazards.

Eye and face protective equipment shall conform with the following minimum requirements (1) provide adequate protection against the particular hazard for which they are designed or intended; (2) be reasonably comfortable to use; (3) fit snugly and shall not unduly interfere with the movements of the user; (4) be durable, easily cleaned and capable of being disinfected; (5) be kept clean and in good condition, and (6) be of the approved type.

Whenever eye protection is needed, persons whose visions require the use of corrective lenses shall wear goggles or spectacles of any of the following types: (1) spectacles which provide optical correction; (2) goggles that can be worn over corrective spectacles without disturbing the adjustment of the spectacles; or (3) goggles that incorporate corrective lenses mounted behind the protective lenses.

Limitations and precautions indicated by the manufacturer shall be transmitted to the user and care shall be taken to ensure that such limitations and precautions ar e strictly followed and observed.

For purposes of design, construction, testing, use of eye and face protection, the American National Standards for Occupational Eye and Face Protection Equipment ANSI z87.1-1968) is adopted.

The primary corrective measure in the control of occupational diseases caused by harmful, dusts, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, smokes, sprays or vapors shall be to prevent atmospheric contamination. This shall be accomplished through the use or application of accepted engineering control measures, like enclosure or confinement of the operation, general and local ventilation and substitution of less toxic materials or a combination of these. When effective engineering control measures are not feasible or while they are in process of being instituted, appropriate respirators shall be used.

Appropriate respirators shall be furnished by the employer when such equipment are necessary to protect the health of the employees.

The employee shall use the respiratory protection in accordance with instruments.

In order to effectively implement the provisions of Rule 1083, the employer shall institute a respiratory protective program which shall include the following: (1) Proper selection of respirators on the basis of the hazards to which the workers exposed; (2) Sufficient instruction and training in the proper use and the limitations of respirators; (3) When practicable, the assignment of respirators to individual workers for their exclusive use; (4) Regular cleaning and disinfecting of the respirators. Respirators issued for the exclusive use of one worker shall be cleaned after each day’s use or as often as necessary. Those used by two or more workers shall be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected after each use; (5) Appropriate examination and testing of the conditions of the work area in order to assure that the allowable degree of employee exposure is maintained, and to determine the effectiveness of the control measures.

(1) For purposes of proper selection, design, construction, testing and use of respirators, the American National Standards Practices for Respiratory Protection (ANSI z88.-21059) is adopted.

(1) Standard procedures shall be developed for the use of respirators. These should include all information and guidance necessary for their proper selection, use and care. Possible emergency uses of respirators should be anticipated and planned for. (2) Written procedures shall be prepared covering safe use of respirators in dangerous atmospheres that might be encountered in normal operations or in emergencies. All personnel shall be familiar with these procedures and the available respirators to use.

Respiratory Protection

Eye and Face Protection

Respiratory Protective Program

Selecting of Respirators

Use of Respirators

Maintenance and Care of Respirators

Head Protection

Hand and Arm Protection

When selecting gloves, consideration should be given to the hazards to which the wearer may be exposed to and the ease and free movement of the fingers.

Gloves shall not be worn by workers operating drills, punch presses or other ma- chinery in which the hand may be caught by moving parts.

Gloves, mittens, and leathers or pads for workers handling sharp edged or abrasive objects shall be made of tough materials and where necessary provided with special reinforcement.

Gloves, mittens and sleeves for workers handling hot metals shall be made of suit- able heat resisting material.

Gloves and sleeves for electrical workers shall be made of rubber or other suitable materials conforming with the test requirements on dielectric strength.

Gauntlets for workers handling corrosive substances, such as acids and caustics, shall be made of natural rubber, synthetic rubber or pliable plastic material resistant to corrosion.

Gauntlets for protecting workers against the action of toxic, irritating or infectious substances shall: (1) cover the forearm as much as possible, (2) have a close fit at the upper end and (3) not have the slightest break.

Gloves torn during use shall be replaced immediately.

Safety Belts, Life Lines and Safety Nets

Workmen working in unguarded surface above open pits or tanks, steep slopes, moving machinery and similar locations, or working from unguarded surfaces _______ or more above water or ground, temporary or permanent floor platform, scaffold con- struction or where otherwise exposed to the possibility of falls hazardous to life or limb, shall be secured by safety belts and life lines. In situations where safety belts and life lines in guarded platforms and scaffolds or temporary floors are not feasible, safety nets shall be provided and installed.