Piston 1 - Review Questions Week 2 - pt.1
Lycoming horizontally opposed engines have the number one cylinder located:
Closest to the rear of the engine (farthest from the propeller) on the right (or starboard) side of the engine.
Closest to the front of the engine (nearest the propeller) on the right (or starboard) side of the engine.
Closest to the rear of the engine (farthest from the propeller) on the left (or port) side of the engine.
Closest to the oil cooler.
In the following graph, how many HP is the engine putting out at take off settings turning 2350rpm?
110
158
.565
.51
Torque is defined as:
A measurement of twisting force
The result of a force applied to move an object
The time-rate of doing work
The total power actually developed in the cylinders, ignoring friction losses in the engine
In general, engines with higher compression ratios will:
Have lower engine output
Operate using a wider range of acceptable fuels
Operate over a wider range of engine speeds without problems
Have greater engine output
In a normally aspirated engine, what happens to engine power as the aircraft climbs?
It goes down due to lower air density
It goes up due to lower air density
It goes down due to higher air density
It goes up due to higher air density
What is detonation?
Uncontrolled explosive burning of the air/fuel mixture in the induction system
Uncontrolled explosive burning of the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder
The normal burning of the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder
Excessive fuel in the exhaust burning in muffler
What limits the maximum speed that an engine can rotate at?
The time it takes for the air/fuel to burn
The material the pistons are made of
The quality of the oil used to reduce friction in the engine
The condition of the piston rings preventing gas leakage around the piston
Which of the following is a result if faster engine speeds?
It will generate less power
It will have higher fuel efficiency
It will make less noise at the propeller tips
It will generate more power
What does the number in "AVGAS 100LL" mean?
It indicates the fuel's resistance to detonation, lower numbers mean more resistant
It indicates the fuel's resistance to detonation, higher numbers mean more resistant
It indicates that the fuel is 100% propane
I indicates that the fuel is 100% methane
Typical air cooled aircraft engines use what kind of cooling system?
Liquid cooling
Pressure cooling
Vapor phase cooling
Vacuum cooling
Complete the equation: Power (P) = ( ) / Time (T).
Work (W)
Power (P)
Time (T)
Force (F)
Continental 4 Cylinder engine
What cylinder number is pointed to by "D"
1
2
3
4
What operational modifier does a GIO400A engine have?
Modified for aerobatics
Horizontally opposed
Inline
Geared nose section
What is the displacement of the GTSIO520NB?
10520 CID
520 CID
520 L
520 HP
Which of the following is a dis-advantage of the inline engine?
Hard to air cool rear cylinders as the engine gets bigger
Good scalability
Light weight crankshaft
High power to weight ratio
Which instrument/indication is typically considered the main limiting factor for ground operation of an air-cooled, reciprocating internal combustion engine?
Ammeter
Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT)
Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT)
Voltmeter
When preparing to complete a ground run of an air-cooled piston aircraft engine, it is important to ensure that:
Cowl flap position is not important for ground runs – it is only for flight
Cowl side panels are open
The cowl flap(s) are in the fully open position
The cowl flap(s) are in the fully closed position
If an air-cooled aircraft engine uses only a single CHT probe in the CHT system, in which cylinder would the probe typically be installed?
The coolest cylinder
Doesn't matter-whichever is the easiest cylinder to access
The hottest cylinder
Number one cylinder
Which of the following can cause detonation?
Late ignition timing
Too rich air fuel mixtures
Too lean air fuel mixtures
Low temperature engine operation
Which of the following can cause detonation?
Higher grade aviation fuels
A high explosive implosion type trigger mechanism
Excessive compression ratios
Low speed operation
Which of the following can result in pre-ignition?
A red-hot spark plug electrode
A red-hot hot-dog
Use of higher aviation fuel grades than the engine was designed for
Low load, low speed engine operation
Which of the following will reduce engine life due to overstress of engine components?
Higher quality aviation fuels
High manifold pressure
Low manifold pressure
Light engine loads at moderate RPMs
What is SFC (specific fuel consumption) useful for?
Comparing the efficiency of different aircraft
Comparing propeller efficiencies
Comparing the energy density of multiple fuels
Comparing engine efficiencies
What would be the result of decreasing the compression ratio of an engine?
Slower release of the energy in the fuel producing lower pressures in the cylinder at TDC (top dead center)
Slower release of the energy in the fuel producing lower pressures in the cylinder at BDC (bottom dead center)
Faster release of the energy in the fuel producing lower pressures in the cylinder at TDC (top dead center)
Faster release of the energy in the fuel producing higher pressures in the cylinder at BDC (bottom dead center)
What limits the maximum speed a piston engine can turn?
The sponginess of the valve lifters due to small amounts of air in them
The shape of the camshaft that closes the valves
The strength of springs closing the valves
The shape of the crankshaft that closes the valves
Pre-ignition is caused by:
Too rich air/fuel mixtures from poor carburetor or fuel injection system set up
Use of the incorrect grade of aviation fuel
The spark plug firing early due to incorrect magneto timing
Hot spots in the combustion chamber that ignite the air/fuel mixture before the spark plug fires
In the formula used to calculate Indicated Horsepower is: IHP = P L A N K
33,000
In this equation the L and the A stand for:
33,000
In this equation the L and the A stand for:
The length of the stroke in inches and the piston area in square inches
The length of the stroke in meters and the piston area in square centimeters
The length of the stroke in feet or fractions of a foot and the piston area in square inches
The length of the stroke in centimeters and the piston area in square centimeters
Brake Horsepower is defined as:
The total power developed in the engine's cylinder(s), ignoring friction losses
The actual amount of power delivered to the crank shaft
The power used up by friction and other losses in the engine
The power required to overcome the friction & energy losses in the engine
In aviation what is the unit of Torque (t)?
M-s
N-m
Ft-lbs/sec
In-lbs
What cylinder arrangement does a TI300A engine have?
Horizontally opposed
V-type
Turbocharged
Inline
Which way does the prop on an IO-360L rotate?
Right hand rotation
Backwards
Left hand rotation
Fuel injected
What cylinder arrangement does a GTSIO520NB engine have?
Turbocharged
Fuel injected
Radial
Horizontally opposed
What does the T in IO-435T mean?
Turbocharged, fuel injected, radial engine
Don't know, need to look it up in the manufacturer's manuals
Supercharged, fuel injected, horizontally opposed engine
Turbocharged, fuel injected, horizontally opposed engine
Which of the following is an advantage of a V-type engine?
Light weight crankshaft
Better cooling
Highest power to weight ratio
Low frontal area
What is volumetric efficiency?
The ratio of power developed in the cylinders to the power that reaches the propeller shaft
The ratio of the amount of heat energy converted into useful work compared to the amount of energy contained in the fuel
The ratio of the power developed in the cylinders to the amount of heat energy contained in the fuel
The ratio of the volume of air/fuel that goes into the cylinders compared to the total piston displacement
Where is cylinder #1 located on a dual row radial engine?
12 o-clock, rear row
6 o-clock, front row
12 o-clock, front row
1 o-clock, rear row
Continental horizontally opposed engines have the number one cylinder located:
Closest to the rear of the engine (farthest from the propeller) on the right (or starboard) side of the engine.
Closest to the oil cooler.
Closest to the rear of the engine (farthest from the propeller) on the left (or port) side of the engine.
Closest to the front of the engine (nearest the propeller) on the right (or starboard) side of the engine.
Which of the following is an advantage of the horizontally opposed engine?
Highest power to weight ratio
Light weight crankshaft
Higher propeller ground clearance
Light weight crankcase
Which of the following can cause pre-ignition?
High temperature engine operations
Overheated valve edges
Too high a grade of aviation fuel being used
Low temperature engine operations
In a naturally aspirated engine what happens to engine power as the aircraft decends?
It goes up due to increased air density
It goes down due to decreased air density
It goes up due to decreased air density
It goes down due to increased air density
What happens to the air/fuel ratio or mixture as the aircraft descends?
Lower fuel consumption
Leaning of the air/fuel mixture
Lower combustion temperatures due to richening
Higher fuel consumption
What is the result of detonation in the engine if not addressed?
Nothing, detonation is part of normal engine operation
Damage or failure of the piston, cylinder or valve in seconds
Excessive carbon build up in the cylinder, possibly leading to spark plug fouling
Excessive wear to the spark plug leading to early failure
If avgas has a number above 100 that means:
The fuel is good for temperature over 100 degrees F
It's a performance number
The fuel is >100% octane
The fuel is good for temperature over 100 degrees C
How is detonation perceived by the pilot?
An audible "knock" in the engine is heard by the pilot
The engine speed is seen to fluctuate on the tachometer by the pilot
An unusual vibration is felt by the pilot in the floor of the aircraft
A burning smell is detected by the pilot in the cabin air
What would be the result of increasing the compression ratio of an engine?
More of the energy in the fuel will be released as sound
More rapid release of the energy in the fuel as heat
Lower maximum pressures in the cylinder assembly at TDC (top dead center)
Slower release of the energy in the fuel as heat
Which of the following can cause pre-ignition
Use of the wrong grade of aviation fuel
Incorrect operation of the starter switch by the pilot
Lead deposits in the cylinder
Carbon particles in the cylinder
What operational modifier does a GTSIO520AB engine have?
Modified for aerobatics
Inline
Horizontally opposed
Fuel injection
The engine identification code example: IO320-G1T has a _________ installed:
Carburetor
Propeller gear reduction system
Turbo Charger
Fuel injection system
What is the displacement of the IO360NB engine have?
360 HP
60 CID
360 CID
10360 CID
Which way does the prop on an LIO-360 rotate?
Backwards
Horizontally
Right hand
Left hand
The number six cylinder of a dual row radial engine, is located:
Two cylinders away from the number one cylinder, in a clock-wise direction (rotation), when viewed from the back of the engine.
In the rear row of cylinders
Three cylinders away from the number one cylinder, in a clock-wise direction (rotation), when viewed from the front of the engine.
In the front row of cylinders.
In aviation what is the unit of Work (W)?
Nm
Ft-lbs/sec
Watts
Ft-lbs
Power is defined as:
The power actually applied to the propeller
The time-rate of doing work
The result of a force applied to move an object
The total power actually developed in the cylinders, ignoring friction losses in the engine
Continental 4 Cylinder engine
What cylinder number is pointed to by "A"
1
2
3
4
Which of the following is an advantage of the inline engine?
High power to weight ratio
Light weight crankshaft
Good scalability
Small frontal area
The number four cylinder of a single row radial engine, is located where?
Three cylinders away from cylinder # 1, in either direction.
Three cylinders away from the number one cylinder, in a clock-wise direction (rotation), when viewed from the back of the engine.
180 degrees of crankshaft rotation from the number one cylinder
Three cylinders away from the number one cylinder, in a clock-wise direction
What is thermal efficiency?
The ratio of the power developed in the cylinders to the amount of heat energy contained in the fuel
The ratio of the amount of heat energy converted into useful work compared to the amount of energy contained in the fuel
The ratio of the volume of air/fuel that goes into the cylinders compared to the total piston displacement
The ratio of power developed in the cylinders to the power that reaches the propeller shaft
One horsepower (HP) is the amount of power required to do how much work in one second?
33,000 ft-lbs
33.33 ft-lbs
550 ft-lbs
12,500 ft-lbs
One horsepower (HP) is the amount of power required to do how much work in one Minute?
550 ft-lbs
12,500 ft-lbs
33,000 ft-lbs
33.33 ft-lbs
In the following graph, how many HP is the engine putting out at take off settings turning 2450rpm?
.57
125
162
.51
What cylinder arrangement does a W670 engine have?
Inline
Radial
Horizontally opposed
Turbocharged
What cylinder arrangement does a TI300A engine have?
Inline
Turbocharged
Horizontally opposed
V-type
What cylinder arrangement does the R985 have?
V-type
Horizontally opposed
Inline
Radial
Which of the following is an advantage of the radial engine?
Easy cooling
Simplicity
Highest power to weight ratio
Low frontal area
Which of the following is a dis-advantage of the horizontally opposed engine?
Bad ground clearance
Lowest power to weight
Worst cooling
Moderate power to weight ratio
Which of the following can cause detonation?
Incorrect ignition timing
Light engine loading at moderate speeds
Rich air/fuel mixtures
Low temperature engine operation
Which of the following can cause detonation?
Low compression ratios
Late ignition timing
Low temperature engine operation
Using the wrong (lower) fuel grade
Which of the following can cause pre-ignition
Operation of the engine with high grade aviation fuel
High temperature engine operation
Low speed engine operation
Incorrect spark plug gapping
What is pre-ignition?
The uncontrolled, explosive combustion of the air/fuel mix in the cylinder
Early ignition of the air/fuel mixture caused by poor timing
Early ignition of the air/fuel mixture caused by hot spots in the combustion chamber
Early ignition of the air/fuel mixture caused by the pilot turning the ignition system on at the wrong time
Which of the following can cause detonation?
Low compression ratios
High engine load at low rpm
Low engine load at high rpm
Higher grade aviation fuels
What will be the result if ignition timing is set early or late?
The pilot will need to work harder to get the engine to start
The engine will operate at increased fuel efficiencies
The reliability of the engine will go up
The engine will lose power
Which of the following can cause pre-ignition
Too clean cylinder assemblies
Spark plug wear beyond specified limits
Low temperature engine operation
Operation using a higher than specified grade of aviation fuel
What is SFC (specific fuel consumption) useful for?
Comparing the energy density of multiple fuels
Comparing propeller efficiencies
Comparing the efficiency of different aircraft
Comparing engine efficiencies
Complete the equation: Work (W) = ________ (_) x Distance (D).
Power (P)
Watts (w)
Force (F)
Time (T)
Calculate the total displacement of the Continental IO550C six cylinder engine with the following dimensions:
A= Area of the piston head: Piston radius is 2.7 inches
L= Length of the stroke: 4.9 inches
N= Number of cylinders of the engine (given above)
Please use 3.14 for Pi
Please give answer to the nearest whole number, no decimals.
673 CID
1,014 CID
458 CID
589 CID
Which of the following is a dis-advantage of the inline engine?
Light weight crankshaft
Poor scalability
High power to weight ratio
Low power to weight ratio
In the attached graph, how many HP is the engine putting out at take off settings turning 2250rpm?
.56
.52
100
153
Lycoming 4 Cylinder engine
What cylinder is pointed to by "C"
1
2
3
4
What does an engine's SFC (specific fuel consumption) depend on?
Aircraft speed, engine design, volumetric efficiency and friction losses
Engine speed, propeller design, volumetric efficiency and friction losses
Aircraft speed, propeller design, volumetric efficiency and friction losses
Engine speed, engine design, volumetric efficiency and friction losses
What limits the maximum speed an engine can rotate at?
The grade of the aviation fuel used
The size/strength of the materials used to build the engine
The additives put into the aviation fuel to prevent detonation
The maximum speed that the aircraft is certified to fly
One of the results of detonation is:
Much higher than normal engine operating pressures
Lower than normal engine operating pressures
Cooler than normal engine operating temperatures
Quieter than normal engine operation
Which of the following is a dis-advantage of the radial engine?
Excellent starting
High power to weight ratio
High frontal area
Easy cooling for rows 3 & 4
Calculate the compression ratio of the cylinder:
Volume of the cylinder with the piston @ BDC: 134 cubic inches.
Volume of the cylinder with the piston @ TDC: 35 cubic inches.
Please give answer to 1 decimal place.
3.8
5.6
6.0
Which of the following is an advantage of the inline engine?
Good scalability
They allow longer landing gear
Light weight crankshaft
They allow shorter landing gear
Friction Horsepower is defined as:
The power used up by friction and other losses in the engine
The actual amount of power delivered to the propeller shaft
The total power developed in the engine's cylinder(s), ignoring friction losses
The power required to overcome the friction & energy losses in the engine
Indicated Horsepower is defined as:
The power required to overcome the friction & energy losses in the engine
The power used up by friction and other losses in the engine
The total power developed in the engine's cylinder(s), ignoring friction losses
The actual amount of power delivered to the propeller shaft
What happens to the air/fuel ratio or mixture as the aircraft climbs?
Nothing
Richening of the mixture
Leaning of the mixture
Better fuel economy
Which of the following can cause detonation?
Low temperature engine operation
Rich air/fuel mixtures
Allowing the engine to overheat
Use of higher grade aviation fuels
Lycoming 4 Cylinder engine
What cylinder is pointed to by "D"
1
2
3
4
Lycoming 6 Cylinder engine
What cylinder is pointed to by "D"?
1
2
3
4
5
6
In aviation what is the unit of Distance (D)?
Meters
Statute miles
Feet
Nautical miles
Calculate the total displacement of the Lycoming IO720C eight cylinder engine with the following dimensions:
A= Area of the piston head: Piston radius is 2.9 inches
L= Length of the stroke: 4.8 inches
N= Number of cylinders of the engine (given above)
Please use 3.14 for Pi
Please give answer to the nearest whole number, no decimals.
1,014 CID
673 CID
458 CID
What is required for the volumetric efficiency of an engine to be greater than 100%?
Higher octane fuel
A tuned exhaust
Variable valve timing
A turbocharger
Calculate the compression ratio of the cylinder:
Volume of the cylinder with the piston @ BDC: 167 cubic inches.
Volume of the cylinder with the piston @ TDC: 30 cubic inches.
Please give answer to 1 decimal place.
5.6
3.8
In the following graph, how many HP is the engine putting out at take off settings turning 2550rpm?
.57
140
.53
166
Calculate the total displacement of the Lycoming IO360B four cylinder engine with the following dimensions:
A= Area of the piston head: Piston radius is 2.6 inches
L= Length of the stroke: 5.4 inches
N= Number of cylinders of the engine (given above)
Please use 3.14 for Pi
Please give answer to the nearest whole number, no decimals.
458 CID
673 CID
1014 CID
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