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Ap Bio Final Exam

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AP Biology Final Exam Quiz

Test your knowledge of key concepts in AP Biology with our comprehensive final exam quiz. This quiz contains 36 multiple-choice questions that cover various topics, including biochemistry, cellular biology, genetics, and ecology.

Challenge yourself and revise what you've learned:

Multiple-choice format
Covers essential AP Biology topics
Great for exam preparation

36 Questions9 MinutesCreated by ExploringCell124

The carbohydrates glucose, galactose, and fructose have the same chemical formula (C.H..0.) but different structural formulas, as represented in the figure.Which of the following statements about glucose, galactose, and fructose is most likely true?

The carbohydrates have the same properties because they have the same number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

The carbohydrates have the same properties because they each have a single carbon-oxygen double bond.

The carbohydrates have different properties because they have different arrangements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

The carbohydrates have different properties because they have different numbers of carbon-carbon bonds.

Which of the following best describes the possible structures of carbohydrates?

They only occur as disaccharides.

They occur as monomers, chains of monomers, and branched structures.

They only occur as long and branched structures.

They occur as chains of monomers that hydrogen bond with complementary chains of monomers.

Which of the following is an accurate description of the process shown below ?

The linking of amino acids with an ionic bond as an initial step in the protein synthesis process

The formation of a more complex carbohydrate with the covalent bonding of two simple sugars

The hydrolysis of amino acids with the breaking of covalent bonds with the release of water

The formation of a covalent peptide bond in a dehydration synthesis reaction

The molecular structures of linoleic acid and palmitic acid, two naturally occurring substances, are shown in the figure. Based on the molecular structures shown in the figure, which molecule is likely to be solid at room temperature?

Linoleic acid , because the absence of carbon-carbon double bonds allows the molecules to pack closely together.

Linoleic acid, because the presence of carbon-carbon double bonds prevents the molecules from packing closely together.

Palmitic acid, because the absence of carbon-carbon double bonds allows the molecules to pack closely together.

Palmitic acid, because the presence of carbon-carbon double bonds prevents the molecules from packing closely together.

Which of the following is responsible for water's cohesive property?

Hydrogen bond between the oxygen atoms of two adjacent water molecules

Covalent bond between the hydrogen atoms of two adjacent water molecules

Hydrogen bond between an oxygen atom from one water molecule and a hydrogen atom from an adjacent water molecule

Covalent bond between an oxygen atom from one water molecule and a hydrogen atom from an adjacent water molecule

The diagram shows how water can adhere to the xylem in the stems of plants, which contributes to water movement in the plant. Which of the following best explains how water is able to move upward from the roots of a plant, through its xylem in the stem, and out to the leaves?

Water is polar, and the walls of the xylem are nonpolar. Water molecules have the ability to form hydrogen bonds with one another but not with the xylem walls.

Water is nonpolar, and the walls of the xylem are polar. Water molecules are able to form hydrogen bonds with the xylem walls, and they are pulled up the xylem

Water and the xylem are both nonpolar. Water molecules have the ability to form hydrogen bonds with one another but not with the xylem walls.

Water and the xylem are both polar. Water molecules have the ability to form hydrogen bonds with each other and with the walls of the xylem.

Which of the following is most directly responsible for water's unique properties?

It contains oxygen atoms

It contains hydrogen atoms

It is an ionic compound

It has hydrogen bonds

Below is a diagram of water molecules at the air-water interface at the surface of a pond.Based on the diagram, which of the following best describes how the properties of water at an air-water interface enable an insect to walk on the water's surface?

Covalent bonds between water molecules and the air above provide cohesion, which causes tiny bubbles to form under the feet of the insect.

Ionic bonds between molecules at the surface of the water provide an electric charge, which attracts the feet of the insect, keeping it on the surface.

Polar covalent bonds between molecules at the surface of the water provide adhesion, which supports the weight of the insect.

Hydrogen bonds between molecules at the surface of the water provide surface tension, which allows the water surface to deform but not break under the insect.

A typical bag of fertilizer contains high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium but trace amounts of magnesium and calcium. Which of the following best matches the fertilizer component with the molecule in which will be incorporated by organisms in the area?

Nitrogen will be incorporated into nucleic acids

Phosphorus will be incorporated into amino acids

Potassium will be incorporated into lipids

Magnesium will be incorporated into carbohydrates

Which statement is the most accurate description of the reaction shown to the right?

It represents monomers linked by dehydration synthesis

It represents a polypeptide chain that folds to form the tertiary structure

It represents a polypeptide chain that is denatured into the primary structure

It represents a polypeptide chain that is broken down through a hydrolysis reaction

Every amino acids consists of:

An amine group, R-group, and a central carbon

A hydroxyl side chain, a central carbon with R group, carboxyl group

An amine group, a central carbon with a variable R group, and carboxyl group

A phosphate, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base

DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that can store biological information based on the sequence of their nucleotide monomers. Which of the following best describes a structural difference between DNA and RNA?

DNA's backbone consists of deoxyribose sugar, while RNA's backbone consist of ribose sugar

DNA's backbone consists of ribose sugar, while RNA's backbone consists of ribose sugar

DNA's backbone is more stable because of its ribose sugar

RNA's backbone is more stable because of its ribose sugar

Look at the figure to the right. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true about that molecule?

The molecule is most likely a type of enzyme

The molecule is most likely a type of steroid

The molecule is most likely a type of disaccharide

The molecule is most likely a fragment of RNA

The sequences for two short DNA fragments are shown above. Which of the following is one way in which these two segments differ?

Segment 1 would not code for RNA because both strands have T, a base not found in RNA

Segment 1 would denature at a lower temperature than segment 2 because A-T base pairs have two hydrogen bonds whereas the G-C base pairs have three

Segment 1 would be more water soluble because it has more phosphate groups

Segment 1 must be from a prokaryote because it has more A-T base pairs.

A section of double-stranded DNA is composed of 35% adenine bases. What is the percentage of cytosine bases in the section of DNA?

20%

35%

15%

30%

Which of the following DNA fragments is the correct complementary strand for the following template? 5" ATAGCTA 3"

5" TATCGAT 3'

3" TATCGAT 5*

5" UAUCGAU 3"

3" UAUCGAU 5"

All eukaryotic cells contain at least one Golgi complex, typically located in the cytoplasm and near the endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following best describes a process that occurs within the Golgi complex?

Enzymatic modification of newly synthesized integral membrane proteins

Synthesis of cytosolic proteins based on the nucleotide sequences of mRNAs

Degradation of protein by hydrolytic enzymes contained within the complex

Synthesis of various types of lipids

Which of the following organelles contains hydrolytic enzymes associated with the intracellular digestion of macromolecules?

Centrioles

Lysosomes

Peroxisomes

Nucleolus

The figure to the right illustrates a eukaryotic cell. Which of the following best describes how the three structures indicated by the arrow work together?

To synthesize lipids and modify toxic substances in order to render them harmless

To synthesize and isolate proteins for secretion or for use in the cell

To catabolize nutrients and produce ATP for intracellular energy storage

To synthesize all ribosomal proteins

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common?

A membrane bound nucleus

A cell wall made of cellulose

Ribosomes

Flagella or cilia that contains microtubules

The primary function of the kidney is to exchange molecules across a membrane between the blood and the urine. One type of kidney cell has a basic rectangular shape, except for a single surface, which is lined with tiny, finger-like projections that extend into the surrounding extracellular space. Which of the following best explains the advantage these projections provide the cell?

The projections increase the volume of the cell without affecting the surface area, which increases the metabolic needs of the cell

The projection increases the surface area-to-volume ratio of the cell, which allows for more efficient nutrient exchange with the environment

The projections increase the speed at which the individual molecules can move, resulting in faster nutrient exchange with the environment

The projections increase the selectivity of the membrane because the small size of the projections limits the number of transport proteins that can be embedded in the membrane

Simple cuboidal epithelial cells line the ducts of certain human exocrine glands. Various materials are transported into or out of the cells by dlifusion. (The formula for the surface area of a cube is 6 X S?, and the formula for the volume of a cube is S", where S= the length of a side of the cube.) Which of the following cube-shaped cells would be most efficient in removing waste by diffusion?

What is the surface area-to-volume ratio of the following shape:

0.4

0.067

A student calculated the average surface area-to-volume ratio of four different types of human epithelial cells. The results are shown in the table below.Based on the data, which type of cell would be best suited for the lining of the alveoli of the lungs, where diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen occur very rapidly?

Simple Squamous

Simple Cuboidal

Simple Columnar

Simple Spherical

Which of the following components of the cell membrane is responsible for active transport?

Phospholipid

Protein

Cholesterol

Phosphate

The active transport pump used to move sodium ions across the membranes of gill cells in a freshwater fish has each of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

It uses osmosis to carry sodium ions into the cell

It requires energy

It has a specific binding site for sodium

It has a specific binding site for ATP

Which of the following statements is true regarding the movement of substances across cell membranes?

Lons are able to move through the phospholipid bilayer because the polar head regions of the phospholipids are charged

Water is able to move through the phospholipid bilayer because the nonpolar tail region of the phospholipids is charged

ions are unable to move through the phospholipid bilayer because the nonpolar tail region of the phospholipids is hydrophobic

Water is unable to move through the phospholipid bilayer because the polar head region of the phospholipid is charged

Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are related in that both:

Require protein carriers

Depend on a concentration gradient

Occur in eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells

Are endergonic processes and thus require the hydrolysis of ATP

Which of the following is an important difference between light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?

The light-dependent reactions occur only during the day; the light-independent reactions occur only during the night.

The light-dependent reactions occur in the cytoplasm; the light-independent reactions occur in chloroplasts.

The light-dependent reactions utilize CO2 and H2O; the light-independent reactions produce CO2 and H20

The light-dependent reactions produce ATP and NADPH; the light-independent reactions use energy stored in ATP and NADPH.

It is estimated that oxygen production first evolved in photosynthetic prokaryotes approximately 2.7 billion years ago. The first photosynthetic prokaryotes are presumed to be similar to today's cyanobacteria. Which of the following best supports the claim that photosynthetic prokaryotes were responsible for the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere?

The light reactions of photosynthesis split carbon dioxide into carbon and oxygen

The light reactions of photosynthesis split water into hydrogen ions and oxygen

The Calvin cycle splits glucose into carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

The Calvin cycle splits water into hydrogen ions and oxygen.

The energy required to run the Calvin cycle reactions of photosynthesis comes from which two substances produced during the light-dependent reactions?

ATP and NADPH

H+ and ATP

H.O and CO2

O2 and NADPH

RuBisCO catalyzes the joining of carbon dioxide with RUBP during carbon fixation. In an experiment, researchers apply a toxin to a plant cell that inhibits RuBiscO. Which of the following explains the most likely effect this toxin will have on the Calvin cycle?

ATP synthase will not catalyze the formation of ATP on the thylakoid membrane

Carbon dioxide will not be converted into carbohydrates

Excited electrons will not be transferred across the electron transport chain

Carbon and oxygen will not be released after the breakdown of carbon dioxide

Oxygen consumption can be used as a measure of cellular respiration rate because oxygen is:

Necessary for ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation

Necessary to replenish glycogen levels

Necessary for fermentation to take place

Required by all living organisms

When hydrogen ions are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix, across the inner mitochondrial membrane, and into the space between the inner and outer membranes, the result is:

Damage to the mitochondrion

The reduction of NAD

Creation of proton gradient

Lowering of the pH of the mitochondrial matrix

The reactions of glycolysis occur in the

Cytosol

Nucleus

Matrix of mitochondria

Membrane of mitochondria

Which of the following describes a metabolic consequence of a shortage of oxygen in muscle cells?

An increase in blood pH due to the accumulation of lactic acid

No ATP production due to the absence of substrate-level phosphorylation

A buildup of lactic acid in the muscle tissue due to fermentation

A decrease in the oxidation of fatty acids due to a shortage of ATP

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