Which type of root system generally maximizes water utilization from resources closer to the soil surface?
Tap Root
Prop Root
Fibrous
Aerial
Epiphytic
Maple leaves have _____________ venation, which is a finger-like net venation with several major veins originating from the connection of the petiole and the leaf blade.
Simple
Palmate
Pinnate
Compound
Parallel
Which of these is NOT a root function?
Anchoring the plant
Absorbing water
All are root functions
Storing food
Photosynthesis
When the vascular cylinder of the root contains pith, the plant is considered a?
Angiosperm
Gymnosperm
Monocot and eudicot
Eudicot
Monocot
Carnivorous plants exhibit leaf modifications allowing them to obtain part of their nutrition from insects. Which of the following is NOT a method of trapping food used by this type of plant?
All are correct
Pitfall
Sticky
Hinged
Collapsing
__________________ is the flattened, green, expanded portion of a leaf.
Sheath
Lamina
Midrib
Petiole
Margin
The ______________ is a lateral meristem in stems that results in growth in diameter.
Protoderm
Vascular cambium
Woody Guthrie
Apical meistem
Intercalary meristem
To properly prune a large limb on a tree, with wide crotch angles, the first cut is made
On the top of the limb flush with the trunk
On the top of the limb about 6 inches out
On the bottom of the limb about 6 inches out
On the bottom of the limb about 24 inches out
On the top of the limb about 24 inches out
What is an asexual propagation technique were small pieces of tissue are placed in a sterile culture containing all the nutrients, carbohydrates and hormones needed for growth.
Tissue culture
Fertilization
Culture club
Cuttings
Apomixis
Which of the following IS ALWAYS TRUE when making a cutting from an actively growing plant?
All are true
Plant cutting are best when turgid
It is a misnomer that misting improves rooting success
Plant cuttings are best when the C:N ratio is higher in C
Root hairs will not grow into damp soil
Which of the following defines apomixis?
When true bredding hybrids have twice the number of chromosomes
When agar used in micropropagation
Induction of roots and shoots due to the presence of hormones
Seed produced from maternal tissue w/o fertilization
No correct answer
Which of the following is TRUE about asexual reproduction?
Most herbaceous plants root better in the fall
Offspring is genetically diverse
Younger plants have a higher nitrogen level and lower carbon level
Time of the year does not mater when making cuttings
Time of day does not matter when making cuttings
The light independent reaction (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis occurs only when ________.
There is no oxygen present
At night
There is no CO2 present
The light reaction occurs
There is no rubisco present
____________ is the final product produced in photosynthesis.
Water
Carbohydrate
ATP
Carbon Dioxide
Rubisco
Which of the following contains the greatest amount of stored carbon on earth?
Animals
Oceans
Rivers
Rocks
Forests
The two primary energy carrying molecules used in living organisms are:
ATP and NADH
ADP and NADP
Chlorophyll and caotenoids
DNA and RNA
Sugar and spice
The _______________ reaction is the process of building complex molecules, this process often requires energy input and thus is ____________.
Catabolic; endergonic
Catabolic; exergonic
Anabolic; exergonic
Anabolic; reductive
Anabolic; endergonic
The ambient level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is ___________ compared to the level needed to saturate photosynthesis.
Higher
Lower
Similar
Slightly higher
Much higher
Alcoholic fermentation occurs only when _____________.
Carbondioxide is present
Oxygen is absent
Light is absent
Light is present
Oxygen is present
Stomata are openings in the epidermis surrounded by two ____________ cells.
Cuticle
Palisade
Mesophyll
Epidermis
Guard
A symbiotic relationship when both organism benefits and neither are harmed or affected is referred to as:
Parasitism
Hemi-parasitism
Rarism
Mutualism
Commensalism
A symbiotic relationship when one organism benefits and the other is harmed is referred to as:
Parasitism
Hemi-parisitism
Commensalism
Mutualism
Rarism
Which of the following is the function of lenticels?
Respiration
Excretion of sap
Photosynthesis
All are functions
Gasseous Exchange
A bulb w/ fleshy leaves forming layers of concentric circles around a stem is known as what type of specialized structure?
Corn
Tuber
Rhizome
Scaly bulb
Laminate bulb
Which of the following steps is generally NOT followed when making cuttings?
Remove 1/2 to 2/3 of the foliage from the lowest part of the stem
Remove any flowers or fruit from the cutting
Foliage may be used to help prop up the cutting in the media
All steps are required
Pinch out the tip of any cutting to adjust the source/sink relationship
When a horticulturist makes a cut in the stem layering, they are trying to selectively cut the ____________ so translocation is disrupted.
Epidermis
Stele
Cambium
Pholem
Xylem
Two advantages of asexual or vegetative propagation are:
Easy to handle large numbers and produces hybrids
All offspring are true-to-type and the time to flowering is reduced
Large number of seeds and they are clones
Few offspring and they are hybrids
Allows propagation plants and produces hybrids
If one piles soil around the base of a shrub to induce roots to form at the base of the limbs, this would be called ________ layering.
Simple
Air
Tip
Mound
Sepentine
Which of the following is TRUE about asexual reproduction?
Most herbaceous plants root better in the fall
Younger plants have a higher nitrogen level and lower carbon level
Time of year does not matter when making cuttings
Offspring is genetically diverse
Time of day does not matter when making cuttings
To make the canopy of a tree more dense, _________ should be used.
Debudding
Scalping
Root pruning
Heading back
Dehorning
Respiration is a ______________________ process.
Anabolic and exergonic
Anabolic and endergonic
Catabolic and endergonic
Catabolic and exergonic
Redoc and exergonic
The color of an object is determined by the wavelength of light that is
Reflected
Absorbed
Visible
Transmitted or reflected
Transmitted
Carbon:
Cycles continuously b/t different reservoirs
Eventually passes through soils
All are correct
Is released through burning of fossil fuels
Is stored in rivers, lakes and oceans
____________ are individual, sack-like membranes that comprise the grana inside chloroplast and obtain the chlorophyll necessary for photosynthesis.
Lamellae
Plasma
Thylakoids
Stroma
Mitochondria
Oxygen is a by-product of photosynthesis and is produced by the
Fermentation
Glycolysis
Calvin cycle
Krebbs cycle
Light reaction
Plants that use the C4 photosynthetic pathway open their stomata
In the afternoon
During high winds
During the day
At night
After rain
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