[pre-exam] bus-ch.10

______________ was the dominant strategy for improving worker productivity during the early 1900s.

A basic idea of ___________ was to conduct time-motion studies to find the best way to perform each task, then teach people to use these methods.

Which of the following statements is the best description of how scientific management viewed employees?

The Hawthorne studies concluded that worker motivation:

The findings of the Hawthorne studies led researchers to look more closely at how ____________ could lead to better productivity.

In the Hawthorne studies, employees were involved in the planning of the experiments. This caused employees to:

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the desire for love and acceptance would fall into the category of:

In Maslow's hierarchy, __________ needs refer to the desire to reach one's fullest potential.

Maalem Ben Ali is a refugee from Ethiopia who has none of the basic necessities Americans take for granted. He lives in an overcrowded tent in a refugee camp. He is often hungry and thirsty because food is scarce in the camp and the main water supply is polluted. According to Maslow, Maalem Ben Ali will be motivated to satisfy his ___________ needs, before addressing other concerns.

Herzberg's research identified several ___________ factors that did not necessarily motivate employees if they were increased, but could cause employees to become dissatisfied if they were missing or inadequate.

According to Herzberg, a sense of achievement, earned recognition, and interest in the work itself were all:

Charlie, the CEO of Collier Chemical, likes to boast that his company offers the highest salaries in the industry, has excellent working conditions, and has clear and consistent company policies. Yet he admits his workforce is not highly motivated. Herzberg's research suggests that Collier Chemical is having difficulty motivating its employees because it focuses on:

To be competitive, ____________ recommended that American firms adopt a new management style that was a hybrid of the approaches used by Japanese firms and those used by American firms called _________.

_________ is the term William Ouchi used to refer to the management approach typically used by firms in the United States.

At Solar Concepts, Inc., employees are promised long-term employment and are involved in decision-making. The employees follow a somewhat specialized career path and have individual responsibility for results. Solar Concept's approach is an example of:

________ means acting as a resource to a subordinate by teaching, guiding and making recommendations, without actively doing any of the subordinate's work.

Management by objectives was developed by:

Dane works as a sales representative for the Better Butter Company. He is about to meet with his manager to review his progress toward meeting the sales objectives they agreed to at the beginning of the year. Dane likes the fact that managers at Better Butter listen to their subordinates' ideas and get everyone involved in setting goals and objectives. Dane's experience suggests that Better Butter is utilizing:

Which of the following practices would be most consistent with the views of scientific management?

Working conditions recently changed at the Great Barriers Corporation. Managers and employees now answer their own phones, and even top managers are addressed by their first name. The company even eliminated executive washrooms and parking spaces. Great Barriers implemented all of these changes to motivate employees to work more productively by creating a team spirit within the company. Great Barriers' efforts are consistent with an attempt to:

Rewards that come from someone else in recognition of good work are _________ rewards.

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth developed the principle of ___________, which said that every job could be broken down into a series of elementary motions.

Wally Tormach is a professional house painter. During busy periods, he often hires college students as helpers on his jobs. Wally tells his helpers that he has determined the most efficient way to paint a house and he expects them to follow his instructions exactly. Wally's approach is consistent with the ideas of:

The original goal of the Hawthorne studies was to determine:

Which of the following statements would Elton Mayo have most likely made soon after concluding his Hawthorne studies?

The concept that a hierarchy of human needs could be used to explain motivation was developed by:

Maslow was mainly concerned with explaining how:

Abraham Maslow thought that once needs at one level of his hierarchy were met:

Herzberg found that good pay:

Theory ___ managers see employees as having a general dislike for work and an unwillingness to accept responsibility.

Theory Y managers prefer:

According to expectancy theory, the amount of effort employees exert on a specific task depends on their:

The purpose of management by objectives is to:

Which of the following is the best example of extinction as the term is used in reinforcement theory?

Every month Sam Tabor is assigned a different job at Russo & Daughters Financial Consulting. Sam enjoys the task variety and finds that switching jobs on a regular basis keeps the work from becoming boring. Russo & Daughters is using a technique known as job:

Job ___________ combines a series of tasks into one assignment that is more challenging, interesting, and motivating.

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth thought that every job could be broken down into a series of elementary motions that they called:

Weldon Taskman has just successfully negotiated a new long-term sales agreement with a major client. The personal satisfaction Weldon has about his efforts is his _______ reward.

The Hawthorne studies found that employees in the experimental group:

Which of the following statements about worker motivation is most consistent with the findings of the Hawthorne studies?

Maslow placed _________ needs at the highest level of his hierarchy.

John dropped out of school after the ninth grade and now must support himself though he has few skills. He is a part-time employee at a small retailer earning the minimum wage. John would like to earn more, but hasn't been able to find a better job. He is having a hard time paying his rent and utility bills and has quit eating breakfast to try to save on his food bills. John is having trouble meeting his:

Herzberg's research found that the factor that ranked highest as a motivator was:

Which of the following is not considered one of Herzberg's strategies for creating enthusiasm at work?

Theory _______ assumes that the average person likes work, and has a relatively high degree of imagination and creativity.

Kanetra believes that if she leaves her employees unsupervised for a few minutes they will do nothing but slack off. She is known as the "Dragon Lady" (at least behind her back) for the harsh criticism and punishment she disburses whenever an employee makes an error. Kanetra is a __________ manager.

According to equity theory, employees are likely to ask:

Which of the following statements would a proponent of management by objectives likely make?

The major benefit of open communication in a company setting is:

Ramon works at Chicago Medical Instruments. His job was recently redefined so that he now has more flexibility in the hours he works and more say in the procedures used on the job. This suggests that Chicago Medical Instruments is trying to change Ramon's job so that it has more: