Social Pyshcology

A stock of values, ideas, metaphors, beliefs, and practices that are shared among the members of groups and communities is called?

A supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained is called?

A supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation is called a

A mathematical relationship in which two or more events or variables are not causally related to each other (i.e. They are independent), yet it may be wrongly inferred that they are, due to either coincidence or the presence of a certain third, unseen factor (referred to as a "common response variable", "confounding factor", or "lurking variable")

A set of concepts and theoretical perspectives on how individuals, groups, and societies, organize, perceive, and communicate about reality

Describes the degree to which the materials and procedures involved in an experiment are similar to events that occur in the real world

The extent to which situations created in social psychology experiments are real and impactful to participants

Refers to an experimental artifact where participants form an interpretation of the experiment's purpose and subconsciously change their behavior to fit that interpretation

- refers to how well an experiment is done, especially whether it avoids confounding (more than one possible independent variable [cause] acting at the same time). The less chance for confounding in a study, the higher its internal validity is

Is the validity of generalized (causal) inferences in scientific research, usually based on experiments as experimental validity. In other words, it is the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to other people

A tendency for people to encode information differently depending on the level on which the self is implicated in the information

- the phenomenon in which people tend to believe they are noticed more than they really are

A tendency for people to overestimate the degree to which their personal mental state is known by others

Refers to a long lasting and stable set of memories that summarize a person's beliefs, experiences and generalizations about the self, in specific behavioral domains

Theory states that we determine our own social and personal worth based on how we stack up against others. As a result, we are constantly making self and other evaluations across a variety of domains (for example, attractiveness, wealth, intelligence, and success

Underestimate the time needed

Occurs where we over-estimate the length of impact of an emotional event

The tendency to overlook the important value of coping processes (our psychological 'immune' system), leading people to overestimate the intensity and duration of distress experienced in response to negative events

Reflects confidence in the ability to exert control over one's own motivation, behavior, and social environment

A person with this control believes that he or she can influence events and their outcomes

A person with this control blames outside forces for everything

A condition in which a person suffers from a sense of powerlessness, arising from a traumatic event or persistent failure to succeed

The belief that individuals tend to ascribe success to their own abilities and efforts, but ascribe failure to external factors

Bias is an attributional type of cognitive bias whereby people tend to overestimate the extent to which their opinions, beliefs, preferences, values, and habits are normal and typical of those of others (i.e., that others also think the same way that they do)

is the tendency of an individual to underestimate the extent to which other people share the same positive attitudes and behaviors. Individuals tend to think that their attributes and traits are more uncommon and rare than they actually are.

Is the human tendency to consistently attribute a group's successes to its own efforts, and to attribute failures to outside interference

Is behavior that attempts to convey some information about oneself or some image of oneself to other people. It denotes a class of motivations in human behavior

is a psychological technique in which an individual attempts to influence, manipulate or control another by becoming more attractive or likeable to their target

Showing or illustrating by example

The action of asking or begging for something earnestly or humbly

Is defined as a personality trait that refers to an ability to regulate behavior to accommodate social situations

States that people compare themselves to internalized standards called "self-guides"

The tendency to cling to one's initial belief even after receiving new information that contradicts or dis- confirms the basis of that belief

happens when a person's recall of episodic memories becomes less accurate because of post-event information

The tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories

Are simple, efficient rules, learned or hard-coded by evolutionary processes, that have been proposed to explain how people make decisions, come to judgments, and solve problems typically when facing complex problems or incomplete information

Judging a situation based on how similar the aspects are to prototypes the person holds in his or her mind

A mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to mind

is thinking about a past that did not happen. This often happens in 'if only...' situations

A cognitive error whereby too little weight is placed on the base (original) rate of possibility

involves source details retained in memory but erroneously attributing a recollection or idea to the wrong source