Biology Chapter 5
What was the transforming principle in Griffith's experiments on S. pneumonia?
Protein
Lipid
Bacteria
DNA
Carbohydrate
What was the major finding of Hershey-Chase experiment?
Radioactive phosphorus and radioactive sulfur were both transferred into bacterial cells in equal amounts, proving that DNA was hereditary material.
The majority of radioactive phosphorus was transferred into bacterial cells, proving that DNA was hereditary material.
The majority of radioactive material was found in the liquid medium, proving that DNA was hereditary material.
The majority of radioactive phosphorus was found in the bacteriophage "ghosts", proving that DNA was hereditary material.
The majority of radioactive sulfur was transferred into bacterial cells, proving that DNA was hereditary material.
What are the basic components of a single nucleotide in a DNA molecule?
A phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a hydrogen
A phosphate group, a ribose sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base
A phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a pyrimidine base
A phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a purine base
A phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base
Which of the following types of nitrogen bases are present in a DNA molecule?
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, uracil
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
Adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil
Thymine, cytosine, guanine, uracil
Adenine, guaine, uracil, phosphate
If a DNA molecule contains 20 percent of A, approximately what percentage of G is present?
20 percent
30 percent
40 percent
60 percent
50 percent
What did Rosalind Franklins X-ray diffraction images reveal about the structure of DNA?
DNA is a polymer of nucleotides
DNA has a helical structure
DNA is composed of adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine
The amount of adenine is the same as thymine, and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine
In the Watson-Crick model of DNA, what are the "handrails"?
Purines
Pyrimidines
Hydrogen bonds
Nitrogen base
Sugar-phosphate molecules
In a double-stranded DNA molecule, the complementary strand 5' -AAACGCTT -3' is
5' -TTTGCGAA - 3'
5' -GGGTATCC -3'
5' -AAACGCTT -3'
5' -AAGCGTTT- 3'
5' -UUUGCAA -3'
In prokaryotic genomes, which regions determine when certain genes and the associated cell functions are activated?
Genomic sequences
Regulatory sequences
Plasmids
Chromatin
Nucleoids
The results of the Meselson - Stahl experiment supported which model of DNA replication?
Semi-conservative
Dispersive
Antiparallel
Conservative
Complementary base pairing
In which phase of DNA replication is the replication bubble created?
Initiation
Mismatch repair
Termination
Elongation
Synthesis
The leading strand of DNA is synthesized
In both 5' to 3' and 3' to 5' directions
Discontinuously in a 5' to 3' direction
Discontinuously in a 3' to 5' direction
Continuously in a 5' to 3' direction
Continuously in a 3' to 5' direction
How would DNA replication be affected if there were a mutation in the gene that codes for DNA ligase?
Okazaki fragments would not be joined
Errors in DNA replication would be not corrected
Unwinding of the DNA would be stalled
Elongation of the leading strand would not occur
RNA primers would not be synthesized
Which os the following statements about DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is true?
In prokaryotes, elongation occurs in a 3' to 5' direction. In eukaryotes, elongation occurs in a 5' to 3' direction
Prokaryotes have a single origin of replication, while eukaryotes have multiple origins of replication
The rate of DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes in similar
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have telomeres at the ends of their linear chromosomes
Prokaryotes have continuous synthesis of both leading and lagging strands, while eukaryotes have discontinuous synthesis on both leading and lagging strands
Which scientist first proposed the idea of a transforming principle?
Crick
Griffith
Watson
Miescher
Avery
Identify the following nitrogenous bases
Adenine and cytosine
Adenine and thymine
Adenine and guanine
Cytosine and uracil
Cytosine and thymine
Which are the main components of a single nucleotide?
A glucose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
Two sugars, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
A ribose sugar, a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
A sugar, a phosphate group, and four nitrogenous bases
A sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
What is the directionality of the two strands in a DNA molecule?
Antiparallel
Identical
Double helix
Complementary
Parallel
Which is the complementary strand for the DNA sequence 5' -ATGACG- 3'?
5' -TACTGC- 3'
5' -CGTCAT- 3'
5' -UACUGC- 3'
5' -CGUCAU- 3'
5' -AUCACG- 3'
Which is the functional unit of heredity?
RNA
DNA
Protein
Genome
Gene
The Meselson-Stahl experiment demonstrated that DNA replication produces two DNA molecules each composed of
Two new strands
Two old strands
One old and one new strand
Two strands with variable proportions of new and old DNA
A variable number of old and new strands
A cell is missing the gene that codes for a helicase enzyme. What affect will this have on replication?
Decreased strain on double helix
Decreased stability of single strands
Increased stability of single strands
Faster unwinding of double helix
Slower unwinding of double helix
During which phase(s) of DNA replication does an RNA primer bind to DNA?
Elongation
Initiation
Termination
Initiation and elongation
Initiation and termination
The lagging strand of DNA is synthesized
In both 5' to 3' and 3' to 5' directions
Discontinuously in a 5' to 3' direction
Discontinuously in a 3' to 5' direction
Continuously in a 5' to 3' direction
Continuously in a 3' to 5' direction
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