Epidemiology

In which of the following study relative risk is calculated?

Cross sectional study

Cohort study

Case control study

Longitudinal study

........... Suggested that the hands of physicians and medical students were transmitting disease causing particles from the cadavers to the women who were about to deliver.

Ignaz Semmelweis

Edward Jenner

Joseph Lister

John Snow

......... Procedure was a common preventive practice to infect healthy individuals with smallpox by administering to them material taken from smallpox patients.

Immunization

Infection

Mass Drug Administration

Variolation

In 1980 the WHO certified that smallpox had been eradicated. The smallpox eradication program was directed at the time by ......

Tedros Adhanom

Margaret Chan

Dr. D.A. Henderson

Hiroshi Nakajima

The factors that can cause human disease include …......

Biological, Physical, Chemical

Stress or Behavioral risks

Both the above options are correct

Both the above options are incorrect

Which one of the following is not an environmental factor that may be associated with the increased risk of human diseases.

Milk

Altitude

Crowding

Heavy metals

Severity of the diseases depends on the ........

Virulence of the organism which causes infection

Site of infection where organisms multiples

Both the above statements are true

Both the above statements are false

All of above

The epidemiologic picture that is manifested depends on whether the exposure is …......

Multiple

Single

Continuous

All of above

........... Infection with no active multiplication of the agent, as when viral nucleic acid is incorporated into the nucleus of a cell as a provirus.

Preclinical infection

Latent infection

Persistent infection

Clinical infection

Marry Mallon was best example for the carrier of which organism ..........

Pneumococcus

Streptococcous

Salmonella typhi

Pseudomonas

For herd immunity to exist, certain conditions must be met like the disease agent must be restricted to a ...... Host species within which transmission occurs.

Single

Double

Multiple

None of the above

Which one of the following is effective in producing secondary immunity .......

Sabin Polio Vaccine

Salk Polio Vaccine

Both of the above

None of the above

Which of the following is a major strength of a prospective cohort study?

It can assess the prevalence of disease in a population.

It allows for the measurement of relative risks and odds ratios.

It is particularly useful for rare diseases.

It minimizes the risk of recall bias.

Which infectious disease was declared eradicated worldwide in 1980, thanks to a successful vaccination campaign led by the World Health Organization (WHO)?

Measles

Polio

Tuberculosis

Smallpox

Which epidemiological study design is best suited for investigating the causes of rare diseases or diseases with long latency periods?

Cross-sectional study

Case-control study

Cohort study

Experimental study

Q.6 Epidemiological measures of effect assess the _______ between an exposure and an outcome.

Strength of the causal mechanisms

Strength of a confounding factor

Strength of the reversibility

Strength of the association

In which one of the following circumstances will the prevalence of a disease in the population increase, all else being constant?

If the incidence rate of the disease falls

If survival time with the disease increases

If recovery of the disease is faster

If the population in which the disease is measured increases

In an epidemiological context, what is the population at risk?

The proportion of population that engage in risky behaviours

The group of people that may experience the outcome we want to study

A group of people participating in a study that may be harmful to them

The population group with the highest relative risk of disease

What are the focus areas of nutritional epidemiology?

The role of nutritional factors in causing disease in a population

How changes in food intake in the population can promote good health

Both given options are correct

None of the options are correct

What does DMFT index stand for in oral epidemiology?

Degrade, Missing, Filled teeth

Damage, Missing, Fixed teeth

Decay, Missing, Filled Teeth

Dental, Medical, Filled teeth

Epidemiology

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