Engleza Bate-o Vina (U1)

...............is the most widely used engineering material.

Steel is a well known alloy of ..................... and ............... is not as simple as one might think.

Steel comes in a huge range of different ..................., each with different charateristics.

...................................... consist of iron and carbon, and contain no significant quantities of other metals.

.................................. - the most widely used grade - is a low carbon steel which contains up to aprox 0.3% carbon

.....................................is a low carbon steel which contains up to aprox 0.3% carbon

................................... contains between aprox 0.3% and 0.6% carbon

.......................... contains between aprox 0.6% and 1.4% carbon

...................... contain 90% or more iron and up to aproximatly 10% of alloying metals

low alloy steels contain up to aprox 10% alloying metals such as .....................................................

......................which contain smaller quantities of chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium

............... contain chomium as well as other metals - such as nickel - which do not rust

........................ are extremely hard and are used in cutting tools

tool steels contain .................. or/and ............................

........................is used in cutting tools that operate at high temperatures , such as drill bits

one weekness of mild steel is that it ............... - its surface progressively deteriorates due to chemical reaction

This reaction takes place between the iron in the steel and the oxigen in the air to form....................

In some metals, such as aluminium, the presence of ....................is not a problem, as the layer of .................... around the metal remains hard, which prevents it from ....................... any further

When mild steel ................, the ................ on the surface comes off continuously, and a new .................... leyer forms, progressively 'eating into' the metal

....................... is widely used, often in alloy forms

An example is duralumin, an alloy used in aircraft manufacturing, which also contains .................. ( 4.4%) and .................... (1.5%)

Aluminium can also be alloyed with ................... to produce very strong, lightweight metals.

..................... is an excellent electrical conductor, which makes it ideal for use in electric wires.

Copper is widely used in alloys, notably................(copper and zinc) and ................. (copper and tin, and sometimes lead).

Copper is widely used in alloys, notably brass (copper and ............) and bronze (copper and ................., and sometimes .......................).

............... is a .............................. - a reference to its high cost

...................... is a better electrical conductor than any other material, so it is often used for electronic connections.

Another precious metal - .............- is also an excellent conductor, and is highly corrosion-resistant.

Non-ferrous metals can be used to protect steel from corrosion by................. it- that is, covering it with a thin layer of metal.

...................... - zinc plating

Steel can be ..........................................., by placing it in ...................... (liquid) zinc

Steel can also be ......................., which is a type of .............................

With this technique, the steel component is placed in a liquid (often an acid)- called the ........................- and connected to the .............................. (-) of an electrical supply, to become the .......................... (the negative side)

A piece of zinc is also placed in the electrolyte, and is connected to the .............................( +) of the supply. This then becomes the...................... (the positive side).

A related process, called ..................., is used to protect aluminium.

The component to be ...................... is connected to the positive terminal (to become the anode) and placed in an electrolyte, with a cathode

As electricity flows, ..........................is deposited on the anode. As this is harder than aluminium metal, it provides protection.