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NUTR MIDTERM

Create a vibrant educational graphic illustrating various nutrient-dense foods, healthy plates, and molecular structures related to biochemistry, conveying the importance of nutrition in everyday life.

Nutritional Knowledge Midterm Quiz

Test your expertise in nutrition with our comprehensive midterm quiz! Covering a wide range of topics, this quiz will challenge your understanding of dietary principles, biochemistry, and health-related claims.

Key Features:

97 thought-provoking questions
Multiple choice format
Track your progress and knowledge

97 Questions24 MinutesCreated by NourishingMind202

Nutrient dense foods provide

Relatively few calories

No calories

Moderate calories

Substantial calories

One pound of fat equals

2000cal

1500cal

3500cal

1000cal

Inadequate nutrient intake is anticipated in which scenario?

Female consuming 1200 cal/day

Male consuming 1500 cal/day

Female consuming 1400 cal/day

Male consuming 1300 cal/day

Nutritional labeling in the United States includes:

Nutrient content claims

Health claims

Both nutrient and health claims

Neither nutrient nor health claims

Which is the preferred of the defining healthy weight in the United States:

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Height/weight ratios

Height/weight tables

Biochemistry focuses study of life in which level

Cellular

System

Molecular

Organ

Each is a biomolecule except one. Which is the exception?

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Lipids

Nutrients

Which carbohydrate has a linear structure that under goes oxidation-reduction reactions forming sugar alcohols?

Monosaccharides

Disaccharides

Polysaccharides

Wich biomolecule consists of a three-carbon glycerol backbone with three attached fatty acids?

Lipids

Saturated fatty acids

Triglycerided

Unsaturated fatty acids

Which biomolecule is responsible for storage of genetic information?

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Lipids

Nucleic acids

Which factors are involved in the development of dental caries?

Presence of fermentable carbohydrates

Microorganisms in the mouth

Susceptible host

None of the above

All of the above

Salive provides protection against caries formation by decreasing saliva flow and acting as a buffer to stop acids

True

False

Fermentable carbohydrates and processed starches are cariogenic in nature

True

False

Cheese, cocoa and cranberries demonstrate anticariogenic properties

True

False

Fruit juices and dried fruits are recommended to prevent the formation of caries.

True

False

Gurgling abdominal sounds are indication of

Peristalsis

Anosmia

Dysgeusia

Xerostomia

The medical term for persistent abnormal distortion of taste is:

Anosmia

Dysgeusia

Xerostomia

Hypoheusia

Hyperheusia

Where does the majority of chemical digestion and absorption take place?

Mouth

Stomach

Small intestine

Large intestine

Anus

Which best describes the purpose of intestinal peristalsis?

Absorb nutrients

Cause constipation

Force feces in to rectum

Secret mucus

Glucose is used by the body for which processes?

Provides energy to cells

Principal bearkdown product of Disaccharides and Polysaccharides

Transported Through the Body via the Bloodstream to Nourish all Cells

All of the Above

None of the above

Roles of dietary fiber include the following:

Laxation Effect

Normalization of Blood Lipid Concentrations

Attenuation of Blood Glucose Response

All of the above

Meat is a dietary source of carbohydrates

True

False

Wich disacharide is found in milk?

Sucrose

Lactose

Maltose

Sugar alcohol

Which polysaccaride is typically found in cereal grains, roots, vegetable and legumes?

Starch

Glucose Polymers

Glycogen

Dietary Fiber

Biochemically wich is the distinguish feature of amino acids?

Amine group

Carboxyl group

Side chain

All of the above

The progressive loss of muscle mass and strength typically associated with the process of aging is called:

Osteoporosis

Sarcopenia

Protein-Energy malnutrition

Marasmus

Kwashiorkor

According to MyPlate guidelines, what percentage of the plate should hole protein?

One-Eight

One-Third

One-Quarter

One-Half

Insufficient intake of protein affects which oral tissue?

Teeth

Salivary glands

Periodontium

All of the above

None of the above

Overconsumption of protein may result in which health effects?

Reduced ad libitum energy consumption

Fluid imbalances

Increased risk of CHD and stroke

All of the above

None of the above

The nutrient facts label was establishes by the USDA and the FDA to improve health and well-being by enhancing nutritional knowledge. Nutrient content claims describe a relationship between a food or food component and reduced risk of a disease or health-related condition.

Both statements are true

Both statements are false

The first statement is true; second is false

The first statement is false the second is true

Nonessential amino acids are produces by the liver. Portions of the carbon framework from the sugar molecule and oxidized fats are utilized in this process.

Both statements are true

Both statements are false

The first stament is true; second is false

The first statement is false; second true

Which is NOT a recommendation in the dietary guidelines?

Consumption of SFAs and trans fats should be as low as possible.

Less than 10% of kilocalories should come from saturated fats

Replace saturated fats with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats

Substitute saturated fats with high carbohydrate foods

Hunger, also know as appetite, is the physiologic drive to eat. Energy balance is maintaned when the kilocalorie intake is within 10 % of energy needed for the body processes and physical activities

Both statements are true

Both statements are false

The first true and second false

The first false the second true

Increase in consumption of which of the following has the greatest effect on an increase in body weight?

Carbohydrate intake

Protein Intake

Fat Intake

Kilocalorie Intake

Hydrolysis of starch begins with which enzyme?

Salivary amylase

Pepsin

Pancreatic amylase

Sucrase

Bile is produced and secreted by the liver and stored in the small intestine. Production of bile is stimulated by salivary amylase

Both statements are true

Both stataments are false.

The first true and second false

The first false and second true

In a well-functioning alimentary tract, stomach contents do not back wash into the esophagus because the pyloric sphincter prevents food stuff from seeping back into the esophagus.

Both staments are true

Both statements are false

The first true and second false

The first false and second true

Analysis of vegan diet reveals that the patient has not been consuming any vitamin B12. Wich is an inappropriate dietary intervation?

Brewers yeast

White chicken breast

Soy fermented temeh

Fortified breakfast cereal

Each is true of wheat sensitivity, except one?

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder caused by permanent gluten sensitivity

If not treated, celiac disease damages the microvilli in the small intestine

Gluten sensitivity is both and allergic reaction and an autoimmune disorder.

Celiac disease is more common in people of Europe origin

Daily intake of water soluble vitamins is important because although the body can store large amounts of the nutrients, the are better utilized when consumed daily

Both the statement and the reason are correct and related

Both the statement and the reason are correct but not related

The statement is correct, but the reason is incorrect

The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.

Fate-soluble vitamins are fairly stable when heated, as in cooking. In contrast to water-soluble vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins contain nitrogen.

Both statements are true

Both statements are false.

The first statement is true and second is false

First statement is false and second is true.

Cholesterol is the mos abundant lipoprotein and is important to biological membranes. Cholesterol is also the precursor of steroid hormones, bile acids, and the lipid-soluble vitamin D.

Both statements are true

Both statements are false

The first statement is true and second false

The first statement is false and the second is true.

Glycogen, also known as cellulose, is the carbohydrate storage form of energy in humans. Large reserves of glycogen are stored in the kidney and liver as adipose tissue.

Both statements are true

Both statements are false

The first statement is true and the second is false

The first statement is false and the second is true

In patients with liver and kidney disease, increased levels of protein are recommended because the organs require continual cellular and tissue rebuilding that only protein can provide.

Both the statement and the reason are correct and related

Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related

The statement is correct, but the reason is not related

The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct

Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

When the body stores of energy are depleted, the pancreas becomes involved because the pancreas consistently converts pyruvate into glucose for energy.

Both the statement and the reason are correct and related

Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related

The statement is correct, but the reason is not related

The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct

Neither the statement nor the reason is correct

Fatty acids are structural components that are present in more complex lipids, such as triglycerides (TGs). Also referred to as triacylglycerols, TGs synthesize fatty acids

Both statements are true

Both statements are false

The first statement is true the second is false

The first statement is false and the second is true

Each is true of phospholipids, except one. Wich is the exception?

The contain phosphorus and nitrogenous base

They contain fatty acids and glycerol

They cannot be absorbed intact

They are a structural component of tooth enamel, dentin and cell membranes

They are used for energy

During the Krebs cycle, complete aerobic oxidation of glucose produces each of the following, except one. Which is the exception?

CO2

H2O

ATP

Amino acids

Which is NOT a consideration for patients with altered energy intake?

Depression and stress often result in overeating and decreased

A positive energy balance is desirable during periods of growth

It is a myth that a larger amount of energy is energy is needed by pregnant or lactating women

When nutrient stores decrease, the feeding center of the hypothalamus becomes active.

Each nonnutrive sweetener can be recommended to patients with phenlketonuria, except one. Which one is the exception?

Cyclamate

Acesulfame- K

Saccharine

Aspartame

Sucralose

Which carbohydrate is the least cariogenic?

Sucrose

Glucose

Lactose

Fructose

Fiber

During some food processing procedures, the amino acid lysine is bound to the protein within cereal. This fortification procedure increases bioavailability of protein from the cereal.

Both statements are true

Both statements are false

The first statement is true: the second is false

The first statement is false: the second is true

The intake of 193g/day of protein is the highest level recommended because consumption above this level can jeopardize adequate intakes of nutrients from other food sources.

Both the statement and the reason are correct and related

Both the statement and the reason are correct but nor related

The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct

The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct

Each group represents situations presenting high caries risk, except one. Which is the exception?

Parents of young children

Periodontal patients

Polypharmacy

Orthodontic patients

Vegans

Hydogenation results in naturally un saturaded vegetable oils being changed to staurated fatty acid (SFAs). This process changes the proportion of the SFAs but does not influence the shape of the fatty acid

Both statements are true

Both statements are false

The first statement is true: the second is false

The first statement is false; the second is true

Which fatty acids has the most hydrogen atoms?

Saturated

Monounsaturated

Polyunsaturated

Each is characteristic of fate, except one. Which is the exception?

95% of ingested fats are absorbed

Hard fats are digested more quickly that soft fats that are liquid at body temperature

Fats that contibute palatability and flavor of food

Cooked fats improve texture of foods

Each statement is true of sugar substitutes, except one. Which is the exception?

Sugar substitutes have beneficial ramification for dental hygiene

Comsumption of caloric sweeteners is increasing faster than that of low-calorie sweeteners.

Nonnutritive sweeteners make some food more palatable

Each sweetener has different properties

Each is a symptom of type 1 diabetes mellitus, except one. Which is the exception?

Polydipsia

Polyphagia

Polyuria

Ketoacidosis

Weight gain

Which is the most potent form of vitamin K?

Phylloquinone

Ergocalcifero

Menaquinone

Menadione

Metabolic rate is lowest:

After a few hours of sleep.

Immediately upon waking

After 5 to 6 hours of deep sleep

During the first few moments after falling asleep

Which determines the classification of a fatty acid?

Number of hydrogen atoms attached to carbon

Number of bonds in a chain

Double bonds

Gaps in the binding of hydrogen atoms

Which fatty acid has carbons connected by two or more double bonds?

Saturated fatty acids

Monounsaturated fatty acids

Trans fatty acids

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

The primary form of fat in the body is:

Cholesterol

Monoglycerides

Triglycerides

Trans fatty acids

Dietary fats furnish the body with __________ of energy:

3 cal/g

4 cal/g

6 cal/g

9 cal/g

Fat intake is recommended at which percentage of total adult energy intake?

5% to 10%

10% to 20%

20% to 35%

35% to 40%

Which macronutrients are used by the body to supply physiologic energy?

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Fats

All of the above

None of the above

Energy balance is maintained when:

Kilocalorie balance is more than energy needs for body processes & activity

Kilocalorie intake is equal to energy needs for body processes and activity

Kilocalorie intake is less than energy needs for body processes & activity

Which are required for the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fat?

Vitamins

Minerals

Kilocalories

A and B

None of the above

What is the major waste product of protein catabolism?

Ammonia

Urea

Insulin

Amino acids

Amino acids are primarily catabolized in the:

Intestine

Bone marrow

Adipost tissue

Liver

Fat and water-soluble vitamins differ in which way?

Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body for shorter periods of time

Water-soluble vitamins are easily stored in the body

Water-soluble vitamins function as coenzymes

Fat-soluble vitamins contain nitrogen

Which physiologic role does vitamin A play in the body?

Transcribing DNA to RNA

Absorption and regulation of calcium

Protects integrity of cellular membranes

Catalys for synthesis of blood-clotting factors

Collagen production for wound healing

What physiologic role does vitamin K play in the body?

Transcribing DNA to RNA

Absorption and regulation of calcium

Protects integrity of cellular membranes

Catalys for synthesis of blood-clotting factors

Collagen production for wound healing

What physiologic role does vitamin E play in the body?

Transcribing DNA to RNA

Absorption and regulation of calcium

Protects integrity of cellular membranes

Catalyst for synthesis of blood-clotting factors

Collagen production for wound healing

What physiologic role does vitamin D play in the body?

Transcribing DNA to RNA

Absorption and regulation of calcium

Protects integrity of cellular membranes

Catalyst for synthesis of blood-clotting factors

Collagen production for wound healing

Deficiencies of vitamin A during oral development may result in the following:

Gingivitis

ANUG

Periodontal disease

Enamel hypoplasia

Scurvy

Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of which vitamin?

Vitamin A

Vitamin D

Vitamin E

Vitamin K

Vitamin C

Which is a connective tissue present in bones and teeth?

Hydroxyapatite

Collagen

Apatite

Cementum

All of the above

What physiologic role does fluoride play in the body?

Blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contr. And relax.

No known metabolic function, caries-preventing properties

Calcium homeostasis, structural integrity of heart muscle

ATP ergy release; metabo. Of fats, CHO, protn.; regulates acid–base balance

Phosphorus controls: ATP energy release; metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, proteins; regulates acid–base balance.

True

False

What physiologic role does magnesium play in the body?

Blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contr. And relax.

No known metabolic function, caries-preventing properties

Calcium homeostasis, structural integrity of heart muscle

ATP ergy release; metabo. Of fats, CHO, protn.; regulates acid–base balance

Which term refers to a nutrient’s availability, based on its absorption rate?

Bioavailability

Symptoms including dizziness, flushing, nausea or vomiting, constipation, kidney stone formation, may be the result of?

Hypercalcemia

Excessive calcium intake

Hypocalcemia

Inadequate calcium intake

Incomplete calcification of teeth, failure of dentin formation, and increased susceptibility to caries may be from:

Phosphorus defcy

Neuromuscular dysfunction, personality changes, disorientation, and muscle spasms are symptoms of Fluoride deficiency.

True

False

When teeth appear to have whitish opaque flecks or white or brown staining, this is a result of:

Dental fluorosis

Remineralization

Dental caries

Demineralization

Which mineral initiates collagen formation, makes neurotransmitters, and starts nutrient metabolism and immune function?

Molybdenum

Chromium

Manganese

Copper

Which mineral functions as an enzyme cofactor and may inhibit caries formation?

Molybdenum

Chromium

Manganese

Selenium

Which mineral is a cofactor for an antioxidant enzyme to protect lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids from damage?

Molybdenum

Chromium

Manganese

Selenium

Manganese is vital to several enzyme systems for optimal bone matrix development, prevention of osteoporosis.

True

False

Which odorless and tasteless mineral functions in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism?

Molybdenum

Chromium

Manganese

Copper

Which mineral is found in mushrooms, green beans, broccoli, brewer’s yeast, beer, and wine?

Chromium

Tricky answer

Red herring

Correct answer

Copper is found in whole-grain cereals, legumes, nuts, tea, leafy vegetables, and infant formula.

True

False

Copper deficiency is associated with the consumption of large quantities of

Molybdenum

Chromium

Manganese

Selenium

Copper is found in shellfish, oysters, crabs, liver, nuts, sesame and sunflower seeds, soy products, legumes, and cocoa.

True

False

Which mineral is found in seafood, kidney, liver, other meats, dairy products, and eggs?

Selenium

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