Science Final Exam
Comprehensive Science Final Exam
Test your knowledge of fundamental concepts in biology and cell division with this engaging Science Final Exam quiz. Designed for students aiming to solidify their understanding of genetics, mitosis, and meiosis, this quiz offers a comprehensive review of core topics.
Key Features:
- 100 carefully crafted questions
- Multiple choice and checkbox formats
- Instant feedback on your answers
Chromatids are:
Bacterial chromosomes
Prokaryotic nuclei
Dense patches within the nucleus
Duplicate halves of a chromosome
A diploid cell is one that:
Has chromosomes found in pairs
Is designated by the symbol 2n
Has two homologues of each chromosome
All of the above
Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of:
Haploid cells
2N daughter cells
Diploid cells
Body cells
In plant cells, cytokinesis occurs when:
The chromosomes make exact copies of themselves
A cell plate forms
Spindle fibers are formed
Osmotic pressure is too low
The phase of mitosis that is characterized by the arrangement of all chromosomes along the equator of the cell is called:
Telophase
Anaphase
Prophase
Metaphase
A typical human cell contains 46 chromosomes. After mitosis and cytokinesis, each of the two new cells from from the original cell:
Grows new chromosomes from existing DNA
Has 23 chromosomes
Has a complete set of 46 chromosomes
None of the above
As a result of mitosis, each of the two new cells produced from the original cell during cytokinesis:
Receives an exact copy of all the chromosomes present in the original cell
Receives a few chromosomes from the original cell
Receives exactly half the chromosomes from the original cell
Donates a chromosome to the original cell
A student can study a karyotype to learn about the:
Genes that are present in a particular strand of DNA
Molecular structure of a chromosome
Number of chromosomes present in a body cell
Medical history of an individual
Which of the following statements is true?
Cytokinesis differs in plant cells and animal cells
Animal cells form new cell walls when they divide
Prokaryotes divide by mitosis
Eukaryotes have circular chromosomes
When crossing-over takes place, chromosomes:
Produce new genes
Decrease in number
Exchange corresponding segments of DNA
Mutate in the first division
Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?
Cytokinesis--> Mitosis--> G1--> S--> G2
G1--> S--> G2--> Mitosis--> Cytokinesis
S--> G1--> G2--> Mitosis--> Cytokinesis
None of the above
The exchange of segments of DNA between the members of a pair of chromosomes:
Acts as a source of variations within a species
Is called crossing
Ensures that variation within a species never occurs
Always produces genetic disorders
What happens between Meiosis I and Meiosis II that reduces the number of chromosomes?
Crossing-over occurs
DNA replication occurs twice
DNA Replication does not occur
Metaphase occurs
The chromosomes in your body:
Include 44 autosomes
Include 2 sex chromosomes
Exist in 23 pairs
All of the above
Binary fission:
Is the process by which prokaryotic bacteria reproduce
Occurs when two cells collide with each other
Creates new species
Produces excess energy
Chromosomes form tetrads during:
Prophase I of meiosis
Anaphase II of meiosis
Metaphase I of meiosis
Interphase
Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of:
Four genetically identical cells
Two genetically identical cells
Four genetically different cells
Two genetically different cells
A protein disk that attaches two chromatids to each other in a chromosome is called a:
Chloroplast
Centriole
Centromere
Gamete
The difference between anaphase of mitosis and anaphase I of meiosis is that:
The chromosomes line up at the equator in anaphase I
Centromeres do not exist in anaphase I
Chromatids do not separate at the centromere in anaphase I
Crossing-over occurs only in anaphase of mitosis
Mitosis is a process by which:
A cell's nucleus divides
Cytokinesis occurs
DNA is replicated
Cells grow in size
Metaphase: prophase ::
G2 : S
Carbon fixation process : calvin cycle
Anaphase : cytokinesis
Thlakoid : grana
A Punnett square shows all of the following EXCEPT:
The genotypes of the offspring
The alleles in the gametes of each parent
The actual results of a genetic cross
All possible results of a genetic cross
How many different allele combinations would be found in the gametes produced by a pea plant whose genotype was RrYY?
4
2
16
8
The law of segregation explains that:
Different alleles of a gene can never be found in the same
Each gene is found on a different molecule of DNA
Alleles of a gene separate each other during meiosis
Each gene of an organism ends up in a different gamete
If a pea plant that is heterozygous for round, yellow peas is crossed with a pea plant that is homozygous for round peas but heterozygous for yellow peas, how many different phenotypes are their offspring expected to show?
4
16
8
2
A heterozygous tall pea plant is crossed with a short plant. The probability that an F1 plant will be tall is:
25%
50%
100%
75%
Mendel's finding that the inheritance of one trait had no effect on the inheritance of another became known as the:
Law of independent assortment
Law of separate convenience
Law of dominance
Law of universal inheritance
If an individual has two recessive alleles for the trait, the individual is said to be:
Homozygous for the trait
Heterozygous for the trait
Mutated
Haploid for the trait
True-breeding pea plants always:
Produce offspring each of which can have multiple forms of a trait
Are heterozygous
Are pollinated by hand
Produce offspring each of which can have only one form of a trait
An individual heterozygous for a trait and an individual homozygous recessive for the trait are crossed and produce many offspring. These offspring are likely to be:
Of two different phenotypes
All the same genotype
Of three different phenotypes
All the same phenotype
Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study:
Cross-pollination
Flowering
Gamete formation
The inheritance of traits
When Gregor Mendel crossed a tall plant with a short plant, the F1 plants inherited:
An allele for tallness from the tall parent and an allele for shortness from the short parent
An allele from only the tall parent
An allele for tallness from each parent
An allele for shortness from each parent
If a pea plant's alleles for height are tt, what is true of its parents?
Both parents were tall
Both parents contributed a dominant allele
Both parents were short
Both parents contributed a recessive allele
Mendel prevented self-pollination of his plants by:
Removing the stigmas of the plants
Removing the anthers of the plants
Preventing crossing-over
Growing only one kind of plant
If a pea plant has a recessive allele for green peas, it will produce:
Green peas if it also has a dominant allele for yellow peas
Green peas if it does not also have a dominant allele for yellow peas
Both green peas and yellow peas if it also has a dominant allele for yellow peas
Yellow peas if it does not also have a dominant allele for green peas
The difference between a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross is that:
Dihybrid crosses require two Punnett squares; monohybrid crosses need only one
Monohybrid crosses involve self-pollination, while dihybrid crosses involve cross-pollination
Monohybrid crosses involve one trait; dihybrid crosses involve two traits
Monohybrid crosses involve traits for which only one allele exists, while dihybrid traits involve two alleles
A breed of chicken shows codominance for feather color. One allele codes for black feathers, another codes for white feathers. The feathers of heterozygous chickens of this breed will be:
White
Speckled
Black
Gray
The primary function of DNA is to:
Make proteins
Prevent mutations
Control chemical processes within cells
Store and transmit genetic information
During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the:
Codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA
Anticodon on the rRNA and the codon on the mRNA
Codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the rRNA
Anticodon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA
During translation, the amino acid detaches from the transfer RNA molecule and attaches to the end of a growing protein chain when:
The transfer of RNA anticodon is paired up with the messenger RNA codon
The ribosomal RNA anticodon is paired up with the messenger RNA codon
A "stop" codon is encountered
The protein chain sends a signal through the nerve cells to the brain
RNA differs from DNA in that RNA:
Contains the nitrogenous base Uracil
Is sometimes single-stranded
Contains a different sugar molecule
All of the above
Purines and pyrimidines are:
Molecules that can replace phosphate groups from defective DNA
Bases found in nucleotides
Bases found in amino acids
Names of specific types of DNA molecules
During DNA Replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made for each original DNA strand. Thus, if a portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new strand will be:
CCTAGCT
AAGTATC
TTGCATG
GGATCGA
The transfer of genetic material from one cell to another, which Frederick Griffith studied, is called:
Transformation
Transduction
Genetic transfer
Recombination
A promoter is a:
Start signal for replication
Stop signal for transcription
Binding site for DNA polymerase
Binding site for RNA polymerase
The addition of nucleotides to form a complementary strand of DNA
Is the responsibility of the complementary DNA mutagens
Is catalyzed by DNA polymerase
Prevents separation of complementary strands of RNA
Is accomplished only in the presence of tRNA
The scientists credited with establishing the structure of DNA are:
Hershey and Chase
Watson and Crick
Mendel and Griffith
Avery and Chargaff
Which bacteria killed the mice in Griffith's transformation experiment?
Live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmless bacteria
Live harmless bacteria, and live, harmful bacteria
Live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmful bacteria
Live harmful bacteria and heat-killed, harmless bacteria
The base pairing rules state that the following are base pairs in DNA:
Adenine-thymine ; guanine-cytosine
Uracil-thymine ; guanine-cytosine
Adenine-thymine ; uracil-cytosine
Adenine-guanine ; thymine-cytosine
Which of the following is NOT true about DNA replication?
It must occur before a cell can divide
The process is catalyzed by enzymes called DNA mutagens
The double strand unwinds while it is being duplicated
Two complementary strands are duplicated
The function of tRNA is to:
Synthesize mRNA
Form ribosomes
Transfer amino acids to ribosomes
Synthesize DNA
All of the following are true about the structure of DNA EXCEPT:
The long strands of nucleotides are twisted into a double helix
DNA consists of two strands of nucleotides joined by hydrogen bonds
Every DNA nucleotide contains a sugar, a phosphate group, and a base
Short strands of DNA are contained in chromosomes inside the nucleus of a cell
Watson and Crick built models that demonstrated that:
Guanine forms hydrogen bonds with adenine
DNA is made of two chains in a double helix
Thymine forms hydrogen bonds with cytosine
DNA and RNA have the same structure
Which of the following types of RNA carries instructions for making proteins?
TRNA
MRNA
RRNA
All of the above
One difference between human body cells and bacterial cells is that bacterial cells have:
A cell wall made up of peptidoglycan
An outer cell wall made up of phosphates
No ribosomes
No DNA
A pathogen is an agent that is:
Harmful only to plants
Nearly extinct
Harmful to living organisms
Beneficial to humans
Viruses are considered nonliving because:
They cannot reproduce by themselves
They cannot carry out metabolism by themselves
They are not made up of cells
All of the above
Bacteria lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; therefore, they are classified as:
Anaerobes
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Aeorbes
The instructions for making new copies of a virus are:
Coded in either RNA or DNA
Found only in bacteriophages
Coded in proteins on the surface membrane
Part of a virus's capsid
During a lytic infection, the host cell
Carries a prophage that stays part of the DNA for many generations
Produces offspring that are infected by the virus
Is destroyed when it bursts
Is not taken over right away by the virus
Some prokaryotes are able to survive unfavorable conditions by forming:
Cocci
Flagella
Capsids
Endospores
Which of the following might be found in the cytoplasm of a bacterial cell?
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Chloroplasts
None of the above
Bacterial cells
Have a cell membrane only
Have a cell wall only
Have a cell wall inside their cell membrane
Have both a cell membrane and a cell wall
A lytic infection concludes with the:
Bursting of the host cell
Insertion of viral DNA into the host cell's DNA
Production of messenger RNA
Production of a prophage
If you did not like the flavor of a certain oral liquid medicine, you could hide much of its taste by:
Holding your nose
Folding your hands together
Covering your ears
Closing your eyes
The layer of photoreceptors and other neurons at the back of the eye is called the:
Cochlea
Iris
Optic nerve
Retina
Which type of sensory receptor is responsible for smell and taste?
Photoreceptor
Thermoreceptor
Chemoreceptor
Mechanoreceptor
Which are the components of the circulatory system?
Blood, blood vessels, and heart
Blood vessels, heart, and lungs
Heart and lungs
Heart and blood
The heart chamber that receives blood from the venae cavae is the:
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Right atrium
Left atrium
Which of the following is the correct order from simplest to most complex for the levels of organization in the human body?
Cells, organs, organ system, tissues
Organ systems, tissues, organs, cells
Organ systems, organs, tissues, cells
Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
Sensory receptors essential for balance are located in the:
Cochlea of the inner ear
Eardrum
Semicircular canals
Sclera
Which of these is a function of the circulatory system?
Delivering carbon dioxide to cells for cellular respiration
Transferring impulses from one cell to another
Removing wastes from tissues
All of the above
Which of the following correctly matches a phase of the digestive process with its description?
Ingestion: the process of getting food into the opening of the digestive tract
Digestion: undigested materials pass out of the body
Absorption: the physical and chemical breakdown of food into small molecules
Elimination: the movement of small molecules from the digestive tract into the blood
Which of the following best states the relationship between the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton?
The axial skeleton supports the vertical axis of the body, and the appendicular skeleton supports the horizontal axis
The axial skeleton is made completely of bone and the appendicular skeleton is made mostly of cartilage
The axial skeleton supports the central axis of the body, and the appendicular skeleton supports the limbs
The axial skeleton is the skeleton found inside cells, the appendicular skeleton supports whole structures
What "muscular tube" carries food between the pharynx and the stomach?
Small intestine
Epiglottis
Large intestine
Esophagus
Which of the following pathways is the largest of the circulatory system?
Systemic circulation
Capillary beds
Coronary circulation
Pulmonary circulation
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