Lecture Final pt 2
Muscle Physiology and Cardiovascular Quiz
Test your knowledge on essential concepts of muscle physiology and cardiovascular fun
Key Features:
- 40 multiple-choice questions
- Instant feedback for each question
- Engaging content for effective learning
________ is the backup energy molecule that can be rapidly converted to ATP in active skeletal muscle.
Phosphocreatine
Glucose
Fatty Acid
Protein
As ATP binds to the myosin head at the beginning of a muscle contraction cycle, the myosin head immediately
initiates binding with actin.
Detaches from actin
Tightens its bond to actin.
As blood vessel length increases
flow decreases only.
Resistance increases and flow decreases.
Resistance increases only.
friction decreases only.
Compared to skeletal muscle, contraction of smooth muscle cells is
Only sustained without fatigue
only a slower response to a stimulus
A slower response to a stimulus and sustained without fatigue.
only controlled by the somatic nervous system
During the plateau phase of cardiac action potential, Ca++ channels close and fast K+ channels open.
True
False
During the plateau phase of the action potentials of myocardial contractile cells, which ion(s) is/are crossing the membrane?
Na+ only
Both Ca2+ and K+
Ca2+ only
K+ only
Each myosin head has a binding site for
actin and ATP.
Actin only
ATP only.
calcium and ATP.
In order for high force crossbridges to form in contracting skeletal muscle, calcium must
Bind to troponin which moves the tropomyosin.
Phosphorylate the tropomyosin which moves it.
Bind to calmodulin to phosphorylate the myosin.
Bind to tropomyosin which moves the troponin.
Skeletal muscle cells are usually attached to bone by
Ligaments.
Tendons.
Flexors
Fascicles.
The AV node is important because it
Delays the transmission of the electrical impulses to the ventricles in order for the atria to finish contracting.
Directs electrical impulses from the ventricles to the atria.
Serves as the pacemaker in a normal heart.
The H zone contains
Actin only
Thin filaments only.
Thick filaments.
Thick and thin filaments.
The I band contains
Thin filaments only.
Thick and thin filaments
Thick filaments only.
Myosin only.
The QRS complex of an ECG corresponds to
the progressive wave of ventricular depolarization.
the repolarization of the ventricles.
None of the answers are correct.
The depolarization of the atria.
The action potential traveling along the t-tubule is detected by the
Dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor (L-type calcium channel).
acetylcholine receptor.
Ryanodine receptor.
The function of transverse tubules is to
Store Ca2+ ions inside the muscle fiber.
Conduct ATP molecules out of the mitochondria throughout the sarcoplasm
rapidly conduct action potentials to the interior of the muscle fiber.
Ensure a supply of glycogen throughout the muscle sarcoplasm.
The relaxation of skeletal muscle relies on the activity of the ________, which decreases cytoplasmic calcium concentration.
Acetylcholine receptor
None of the answers is correct
Ca2+ ATPase
Ryanodine receptor
When a skeletal muscle generates enough force during contraction to shorten,
Only the I band will shorten.
The sarcomere and the I band will shorten
Only the sarcomere will shorten.
Only the A band will shorten
Which parameter is associated with increased resistance?
Reduced flow
Reduced friction
Decreased viscosity
Increased blood vessel diameter
Z-disc serves as the attachment site for the thin filaments and mark the boundaries for one sarcomere
True
False
________ is composed of multiple globular molecules polymerized to form long chains or filaments.
Actin
Troponin
Tropomyosin
Myosin
Most products of fat digestion are absorbed by
Lymphatic vessels.
Arterioles
Capillaries
Veins
ACE converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
True
False
Bile is
Produced by the gallbladder only.
Produced by hepatocytes and the gallbladder
Released into the stomach only.
Produced by hepatocytes only.
Chief cells secrete
Mucus
Gastrin
Pepsinogen
Hydrochloric acid
Cysts on the kidney can press upon nephrons, raising the pressure inside the nephrons. How will this affect glomerular filtration rate and blood pressure?
GFR decreases and blood pressure decreases
GFR increases and blood pressure decreases
GFR decreases and blood pressure increases
GFR increases and blood pressure increases
Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed by
Countertransport.
Diffusion
Symport with sodium.
Cotransport
In normal kidneys, blood cells and plasma proteins are
Not filtered.
Secreted then reabsorbed.
Filtered then reabsorbed
Filtered and secreted.
In the digestive system, HCl is released by ________, whereas HCO3- is secreted primarily from the ________.
Parietal cells of the stomach, pancreas
The liver, parietal cells of the stomach
Parietal cells of the stomach, liver
The pancreas, parietal cells of the stomach
Kidneys respond relatively quickly to changes in blood volume
True
False
Place the following blood vessels that carry blood to and within the kidney in the order in which blood passes through them. 1. Afferent arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole 3. glomerulus 4. Peritubular capillary
1, 3, 2, 4
4, 3, 2, 1
1, 2, 3, 4
4, 2, 3, 1
The force for glomerular filtration is the
ATP-dependent processes in the nephron.
Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
Fluid pressure produced by the displacement of the fluid in the lumen of the tubules.
Osmotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries
The hormone that directly controls water reabsorption by the kidneys is
Epinephrine
ANP
Aldosterone
Vasopressin
The primary function of the proximal tubule is
Filtration
Secretion of acids and ammonia.
Reabsorption of ions, organic molecules, and water.
Secretion of drugs.
The primary osmoreceptors are located in the
Medulla
Pons
Kidney
Hypothalamus
Urea is
Actively reabsorbed in the proximal tubule.
Actively transported into the filtrate by the cells of the collecting duct.
Actively secreted
passively reabsorbed in the proximal tubule
Water reabsorption by the kidneys is a result of osmosis
True
False
When a body is dehydrated, water in the urinary bladder
Can be returned to the circulation directly.
Will still be expelled from the body in the urine.
Can be returned to the circulation after moving back into the kidneys.
When the plasma concentration of a substance exceeds its renal concentration, more of the substance will be
Filtered
Excreted
Reabsorbed
None of the answers are correct
Which of the following concerning the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide is FALSE?
Increases aldosterone secretion
Reduces blood pressure
Suppresses vasopressin secretion
Promotes sodium loss at the kidneys
Movement from the nephron lumen to the blood is called reabsorption.
True
False
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