Test 2 Astronomy
Globular clusters are located in which part of a galaxy?
(a) The Halo
(b) The Bulge
(c) The Disk
(d) The Spiral Arms
(e) None of the Above
The Milky Way galaxy is which type of galaxy?
(a) Elliptical
(b) Spiral
(c) Barred Spiral
(d) Lenticular
(e) Irregular
Why are spiral arms blue in color?
(a) Large amounts of gas
(b) Active star formation
(c) Large amounts of old stars
(d) Large amounts of dust
(e) None of the above
Why are elliptical galaxies typically yellow-orange in color?
(a) Lack of Star Formation
(b) Old Population of Stars
(c) New Population of Stars
(d) Both A and B
(e) None of the Above
What are signatures of galactic mergers?
(a) Star formation
(b) Warped dust lanes
(c) Spiral Features
(d) Both A and B
(e) Both A and C
Why can we not see the center of the galaxy in the visible band?
(a) There are too many stars in the way
(b) The center of the galaxy does not emit light in the visible band
(c) We are located in a spiral arm and so we cannot see the center of the galaxy.
(d) There is too much dust in the way
(e) None of the above
What are the main factors that affect the observed color of a galaxy?
(a) The types of stars in a galaxy and the distance of the galaxy
(b) The types of stars in a galaxy alone
(c) The distance of a galaxy
(d) The age of the galaxy
(e) The speed of the galaxy
The accelerated expansion of the universe has the consequence that...
(a) Galaxies that are very distant are moving away from us at a constant speed
(b) Galaxies that are very distant are moving away from us at a faster speed than galaxies closer to us
(c) Galaxies are not moving away from us
(d) Galaxies nearby are moving toward us
(e) None of the above
Why do we see both spiral and elliptical galaxies at early stages in the universe?
(a) The stars that form in the galaxies are inherently different
(b) The galaxies form from the same mechanism and the stars that form change the type of the galaxy
(c) The protogalactic clouds that the galaxies form from are different
(d) The protogalactic clouds form different types of stars for different types of galaxies
(e) None of the above
The first galaxies in the universe were primarily
(a) irregular type galaxies.
(b) elliptical type galaxies.
(c) spiral type galaxies.
(d) lenticular type galaxies.
(e) All of the above.
The gas-star-gas cycle refers to
(a) The fusion of heavy elements in high mass stars
(b) The creation of dust in stellar formation
(c) The creation of metals through supernovae
(d) The recycling of hydrogen gas through high mass stars
(e) Recycling of gas with dust and metals through stellar evolution
Where will the galaxy’s gas be in 1 trillion years?
(a) Blown out of the galaxy
(b) Still recycling just like now
(c) Locked into white dwarfs and low-mass stars
(d) Located in black holes
(e) Located in high-mass stars
What are active galactic nuclei?
(a) Galaxies whose emission cannot be explained by the emission from stars alone
(b) Galaxies with active star formation
(c) Galaxies with mostly hot gas
(d) Galaxies with almost no star formation
(e) None of the above
Why must we wait for a star to complete a full orbit around the central object to determine the masses of the two objects with certainty?
(a) We want to make sure the star is not a binary system with a second star altering the orbit
(b) We want to make sure the star is not part of an accretion disk
(c) We want to make sure collisions don’t occur during the orbits of the stars
(d) Because only after a full orbit are we sure about the shape of the orbit
(e) We actually don’t we can extrapolate the orbit from the motion of the star over several years
What is the main physical feature that distinguishes Ellipticals and Spirals?
(a) Spirals have no bulge
(b) Ellipticals have no disk
(c) Ellipticals have no halo
(d) Spirals have no disk
(e) There is no distinguishing feature between spirals and ellipticals
What type of gas is needed for star formation?
(a) Cold molecular hydrogen clouds
(b) Hot gas left over after a low-mass star dies
(c) Hot gas left over after a supernova
(d) Warm atomic hydrogen clouds
(e) Cold gas clouds made from metals
How common are AGN in the universe?
(a) Uncommon, 10% of observed galaxies are AGN
(b) Very uncommon, only 1% of observed galaxies are AGN
(c) Very common, 50% of observed galaxies are AGN
(d) We do not know how common AGN are in the Universe
(e) None of the above
How are active galaxies powered?
(a) By large amounts of star formation
(b) By many young, massive stars
(c) By many supernovae occurring at the same time
(d) By accretion of matter onto a supermassive black hole
(e) By many low mass red stars
Which of the following statements about a globular cluster is true?
(a) There is an approximately equal number of all types of stars in the cluster.
(b) All stars in the cluster are approximately at the same stage in evolution.
(c) All stars in the cluster have approximately the same mass.
(d) Most of the stars in the cluster are younger than 10 billion years old.
(e) Most stars in the cluster are yellow or reddish in color.
Compared with our Sun, most stars in the halo are
(a) old, red, and dim and have much more heavy elements.
(b) young, red, and dim and have fewer heavy elements.
(c) old, red, and dim and have fewer heavy elements.
(d) young, blue, and bright and have much more heavy elements.
(e) old, red, and bright and have fewer heavy elements.
In the Planck Era, right after the big bang, what forces were acting?
(a) Strong, Weak, Gravity, Electromagnetic
(b) Electroweak, Strong, Gravity
(c) GUT force, Gravity
(d) All forces acted as one.
(e) None of the above.
Which of the following occurred first?
(a) Hydrogen was created from subatomic particles.
(b) Subatomic particles were created.
(c) Helium was created through fusion in the hot universe.
(d) The first galaxies formed.
(e) The first stars formed.
The temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background, the echo of the Big Bang, today is?
(a) 0 K
(b) 2.73 K
(c) 380,000 K
(d) 15 million K
(e) 15 trillion K
Dark matter is...
(a) matter that does not interact with light but is detected by its gravitational influence.
(b) the primary component of Mass/Energy in the Universe.
(c) another name for black holes.
(d) not really matter at all.
(e) None of the above.
Dark Energy is...
(a) the primary component of Mass/Energy in the Universe
(b) thought to be responsible for the accelerated expansion of the Universe.
(c) thought to counteract gravity and prevent the collapse of the Universe.
(d) All of the above.
(e) None of the above.
One of the primary evidences for Dark Matter in galaxies are...
(a) The size of the spiral arms of a galaxy.
(b) The size of the bulge of the galaxy.
(c) The size of the halo of the galaxy.
(d) The number of stars in a galaxy.
(e) Measurements of galactic rotation curves.
In a critical expansion model of the universe which of the following is true?
(a) The universe has accelerated expansion over time.
(b) The universe expands with a constant rate.
(c) The universe slows its expansion but never collapses.
(d) The universe at first expands but then collapses.
(e) None of the above.
The fate of all matter in the universe is...
(a) to become black holes.
(b) to become a sea of subatomic particles.
(c) to completely evaporate.
(d) to become parts of stars that never die.
(e) None of the above.
What defines the habitable zone around a star?
(a) the region around a star where rocky planets form
(b) the region around a star where liquid water can potentially exist on planetary surfaces
(c) the region around a star where humans can survive
(d) the region around a star where the ultraviolet radiation does not destroy organisms on a planetary surface
(e) the region around a star where life exists
Why don’t we expect to find life on planets orbiting high-mass stars?
(a) The stars are too hot to allow for life.
(b) Planets cannot have stable orbits around high-mass stars.
(c) The high-mass stars emit too much ultraviolet radiation.
(d) The lifetime of a high-mass star is too short.
(e) None of the above.
Around what class of star is life least likely to be found?
(a) O
(b) F
(c) G
(d) K
(e) M
How does the habitable zone around a star of spectral type G compare to that around a star of spectral type M?
(a) It is larger.
(b) It is smaller.
(c) It is hotter.
(d) It is cooler.
(e) It is closer to its star.
What is the Drake Equation?
(a) An estimate of the existence of life in a galaxy.
(b) An estimate of the number of planets that lie in habitable zones in a galaxy.
(c) An estimate of the time an advanced civilization is able to be detected.
(d) An estimate of the number of stars with planets in a galaxy.
(e) An estimate as to the number of advanced civilizations with the ability to communicate with electromagnetic signals in a galaxy.
The size and shape of the habitable zone of a star is determined by...
(a) The size of the star alone.
(b) The surface temperature of the star alone.
(c) The distance from the star where earth-sized planets exist.
(d) Stefan-Boltmann’s law for the luminosity of the star and the inverse square law nature of light.
(e) None of the above.
An example of a standard candle is...
(a) White Dwarf Supernovae
(b) Type II Supernovae
(c) Cataclysmic Variables
(d) Galaxies
(e) O class stars
The distances to the furthest objects in the observable universe are described by...
(a) parallax
(b) radar
(c) redshift
(d) luminosity
(e) inflation
The large scale structure of the universe is...
(a) A web-like distribution of matter.
(b) A uniform distribution of matter.
(c) More matter distributed closer to the Milky Way galaxy and less matter further away.
(d) Matter clustered at the center of the universe.
(e) None of the above.
The four fundamental forces of nature are?
(a) The GUT force, the electroweak force, gravity and the strong force
(b) Gravity, electromagnetic, the GUT force, and the weak force
(c) The Planck force, The GUT force, the electroweak force, and gravity
(d) The strong force, the weak force, gravity and the electromagnetic force
(e) The Planck force, the strong force, the weak force, and gravity
Within the first three minutes of the Big Bang...
(a) galaxies formed
(b) nearly all of the hydrogen and helium in the universe was created
(c) the first stars formed
(d) the universe became transparent to photons
(e) the Cosmic Microwave Background was observable
The missions that are carrying physical messages out of the solar system are
(a) Voyager 1 and 2
(b) Apollo 12 and 13
(c) Pioneer 10 and 11
(d) Endeavor and Kepler
(e) Both A and C
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