ITMHW L1 - L6
Which of these 3 are characteristics of mental health?
Self-actualisation
Personal goals
Being free of physical symptoms
Belonging
Legislative framework in terms of diversity and difference?
Human rights act (1998)
Equality act (2010)
Minimum wage (1982)
Which of these are protected characteristics?
Age
Disability
Hair colour
Gender reassignment
Pregnancy and maternity
Religion and belief
Height
Risk of depression, anxiety and substance abuse is ... Higher in the LGBT community
1.9x
0.5x
1.5x
Is depression more common for men or women?
Women
Men
Is schizophrenia more common for men or women?
Women
Men
What is emotion on an intra-individual level?
Helps to develop awareness of whats important to us, important motivational factor in decision making
Emotions help inform others about our internal states and behavioural intentions
What is emotion an in inter-individual level?
Helps to develop awareness of whats important to us, important motivational factor in decision making
Emotions help inform others about our internal states and behavioural intentions
The basic emotion theory was put forward by who?
Bechara, Damasio & Damasio
Lazarus & Folkman
Ekman; Power and Dalgleish
What helped play an important role in shaping feature of emotion?
Biology
Evolution
According to the basic emotion theory, do components of emotion exist....
Separately
Concurrently
Both separately or concurrently
The basic emotion theory is a ....
Categorial approach
Holistic approach
Which of these are the 6 different states that Ekman believes human emotion can be narrowed into?
Sadness, anger, contempt, happiness, disgust, fear
Sadness, anger, contempt, surprise, happiness, fear
Sadness, anger, contempt, disgust, surprise, fear
In which order does the James Lange theory propose emotion happens?
Event - appraisal - arousal - emotion
Arousal - event - appraisal - emotion
Event - arousal - appraisal - emotion
In which order does the cognitive appraisal theory propose emotion happens?
Event - arousal - appraisal - emotion
Event - appraisal - arousal - emotion
Arousal - event - appraisal - emotion
What is a consequence of components feeding back to another in the appraisal theory of emotion?
Emotional episodes run one by one
Emotional episodes run parallel
Which is the most common emotional disorder?
Anxiety
Panic Attacks
Depression
What is the criteria to be diagnosed with a major depressive episode?
3+ symptoms in the same 2 weeks
4+ symptoms in the same 2 weeks
5+ symptoms in the same 2 weeks
Which 2 of these are required symptoms to be diagnosed with a major depressive episode?
Loss
Low self esteem
Physical illness
Social isolation
Depressed mood
Substance misuse
Stressful life events
Loss of pleasure
What is a problem with using psychiatric diagnoses?
Ethics
Unvalid
Standardisation
Which one of these is an observer rated way to measure depression?
BDI
Hamilton's rating scale
Patient health questionnaire
Which of these are key components of Beck's cognitive model of depression?
Negative automatic thoughts
Physiological arousal
Reinforceable behaviour
Dysfunctional attitudes
Activation events
Insufficient reinforcement
What is a positive symptom of psychosis?
Hallucinations
Flat affect
Avolition
Does psychosis relate to a specific set of symptoms or relate to a range of unusual experience ?
Specific set of symptoms
Range of unusual experiences
Which is the more common treatment of psychosis?
CBT
Behavioural therapy
Biological treatments
What is formulation in CBTp?
Making sense of clients difficulties using psychological knowledge
Re-evaluating beliefs, perceptions & reasoning
Tackles internalised stigma
What is normalisation in CBTp?
Tackles internalised stigma
Making sense of clients difficulties using psychological knowledge
Make sense of client experience
Large source of distress in psychosis stems from...
Beliefs people have about their symptoms
Beliefs other people have about their symptoms
Beliefs the media portray about their symptoms
What is dual diagnosis?
When 2 disorders/illnesses occur at the same time
When people with mental illnesses also suffer from substance abuse
What is the minimum amount of symptoms required to be diagnoses with a mild substance us disorder?
2-3
3-5
4-6
Which cancer increases directly in line with alcohol consumption?
Breast cancer
Throat cancer
Lung cancer
Liver cancer
What does it mean if comorbidity of substance use and psychosis is bidirectional?
Psychosis and substance use maintain one another
Substance use causes psychosis
Substance use is a consequence of psychosis
Research using THC found that...
THC produced schizophrenic like positive symptoms in healthy individuals
THC did not produce schizophrenic like positive symptoms in healthy individuals
What is the highest prevailing LTC?
High blood pressure
Chronic pain
High cholesterol
In Leventhal's common sense model, cognitive representations...
Drive attempts to neutralise illness
Drive attempts to deal with emotions
In Leventhal's common sense model, emotional representations...
Drive attempts to neutralise illness
Drive attempts to deal with emotions
More negative beliefs about illness are associated with...
Avoidant coping strategies and more distress
More adaptive responses such as positive reappraisal, problem focused coping and lower distress
Exposure is a...
Cognitive approach
Psychosocial approach
Learning theory approach
A U shaped function with respect to negative emotion words (WED) means that...
Negative emotion words should be used moderately
Negative emotion words should never be used
Negative emotion words should be used frequently
WED as an intervention had produced
Positive findings
Negative findings
Mixed findings
Name some of the symptoms of multiple sclerosis
Low mood
Fatigue
Numbness
Tingling
Low motivation
Mania
Pain
Which of these factors are associated with adjustment of having MS?
Past-time reappraisal
Using problem focused coping strategies
High levels of uncertainty
Avoidant behaviour
Seeking social support
Perceiving high levels of support
Which of these factors are associated with adjustment difficulties and MS?
Past-time reappraisal
Using problem focused coping strategies
High levels of uncertainty
Avoidant behaviour
High levels of wishful thinking and cognitive avoidance
Seeking social support
CBT for MS consists of...
8 sessions over 10 weeks
10 sessions over 8 weeks
What is acute pain?
Usually disease or injury related and remits when disease process remits
May be associated with disease but there may be no obvious underlying pathology
What is chronic pain?
Usually disease or injury related and remits when disease process remits
May be associated with disease but there may be no obvious underlying pathology
Mindfulness is about...
Doing away with mental representations and the behaviours they drive
Learning to detach ourselves from them and see them as constructions
How can mindfulness be cultivated?
Through taking medication
Through CBT
Through meditation
What is not necessary of therapy in terms of substance use and MH comorbidity?
Abstinence
Reducing substance use
Abstinence programmes are usually...
10 step
12 step
15 step
What is a problem with abstinence programmes?
Not designed for people with substance abuse problems
Not designed for those with addictions
Not designed for those with mental health problems
A problem with pharmacological aids is that they...
Are available for all types of substance use
Are not available for all types of substance use
Are not available for all mental health disorders
What is the focus of most psychosocial interventions?
Abstinence
Harm reduction
Substance use reduction
Psychosocial interventions take a pragmatic approach - what does this mean?
Assume large changes are better than none
Assume no changes are better than small changes
Assume small changes are better than none
Early remission from a DSM-5 substance use disorder is defined as...
At least 3 but less than 10 months without substance use disorder criteria (except craving)
At least 2 but less than 12 months without substance use disorder criteria (expect craving)
At least 3 but less than 12 months without substance use disorder criteria (except craving)
Sustained remission is defined as...
At least 10 months without criteria (except craving)
At least 18 months without criteria (except craving)
At least 12 months without criteria (except craving)
What does NICE recommend for the treatment of psychosis?
Antipsychotic medication
Motivational interventions
CBT
Contingency manegement
Family intervention
Which of these ate psychosocial interventions for dual disorders?
Motivational interviewing
CBT (including relapse prevention)
Mindfulness
Psychoeducation
Behavioural therapy
Family therapy/systemic therapy
ECT
What does the action stage suggest in stages of change and substance use?
Clients choose a strategy for discontinuing substance use and begin to make the changes needed to carry out their plan
Clients work to sustain abstinence (or maintain reduction) and evade relapse
Is psychoeducation usually given alone or included in other interventions?
Alone
Included in other interventions
The goal of CBT in substance use is to...
Teach substance user more effective skills for dealing with high risk situations
Teach the individual about the impact of substance use on metal health
Change the individuals ambivalence towards motivation to change
What does integrated therapy usually start with?
CBT
Psychoeducation
Motivational Interviewing
Contingency management and behaviour modification is based on who?
Freud's psychodynamic theory
Skinner's learning theory
What were the results of the 2001 Manchester studies (MI-CBT)?
Significant % change from baseline average amount per using day but no effect on frequency of use at 12 months not impact on symptoms and functioning
Reduction in positive symptoms; increase in % of days abstinent from drugs or alcohol; improvement in general functioning; fewer relapses
No effect on substances or clinical outcomes (only cannabis)
What were the results of the 2010 Manchester studies (MI-CBT)?
Significant % change from baseline average amount per using day but no effect on frequency of use at 12 months not impact on symptoms and functioning
Reduction in positive symptoms; increase in % of days abstinent from drugs or alcohol; improvement in general functioning; fewer relapses
No effect on substances or clinical outcomes (only cannabis)
What were the results of the 2014 Manchester studies (MI-CBT)?
Significant % change from baseline average amount per using day but no effect on frequency of use at 12 months not impact on symptoms and functioning
Reduction in positive symptoms; increase in % of days abstinent from drugs or alcohol; improvement in general functioning; fewer relapses
No effect on substances or clinical outcomes (only cannabis)
Evidence from family interventions and contingency management show that evidence is still weak for...
Dually diagnosed
Schizophrenia and substance use
Psychosis and THC
Comorbid disorders
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