Dental materials final
Dental Materials Final Quiz
Test your knowledge and expertise in dental materials with this comprehensive final quiz designed for dental students and professionals. With 100 questions covering various topics related to dental materials, this quiz is perfect for anyone looking to solidify their understanding of this crucial field.
Key features of the quiz include:
- Multiple choice questions
- Focus on real-world applications
- Instant feedback on your answers
Which of the following is not a classification of dental materials?
Preventive
Biological
Restorative
Therapeutic
The first acceptable amalgam formula was developed by ______ in 1895
G.V Black
Pierre Fuchard
Dr. Frederick McKay
Dr. William Taggart
What is Dr. Frederick McKay credited with?
Developing an acceptable formula for silver dental amalgam
Noting dental fluorosis in Colorado Springs
Demonstrating a casting method to produce gold inlays
The introduction of dental cements
Since2005, the American Dental Association (ADA) Seal of acceptance is awarded to ___ products
Both professional and consumer
Professional but not consumer
Consumer but not profressional
Neither professional nor consumer
Normal masticatory forces on the occlusal surfaces of mola teeth can increase to as much as ____ pounds per square inch on a cusp tip.
280
1000
10,000
28,000
Stress is the amount of force exerted from withing an object, and ____ is the amount of change that the force has produced
Strain
Tension
Compression
Chemical bonding
Which of the following statements is correct about fatigue failure
It is not a factor for restorative dental materials
It is not dependent on conditions in the oral cavity
It occurs as the result of a large, single-force application
It occurs as the result of microscopic flaws that grow over time
The normal resting pH of saliva ranges from 6.2 to _____, which is neutral
1
6.6
7
14
Which of the following dental restorative materials is particularly susceptible to corrosion?
Acrylic
Dental porcelain
Dental amalgam
Composite resin
Which of the following is true of galvanism
It is an electrical current transmitted between two similar metals
It is observed in patients with composite resin but not silver amalgam restorations
Galvanic stimulation will decrease with time as oxides from on the surface of the metal
The salts of the saliva inhibit the
What could excessive expansion of a restorative material result in
Corrosion
Galvanism
Fracture of cusps
Leakage of fluid and bacteria into the gaps
What is percolation?
The rate at which heal flows through a material
A form of chemical rather than mechanical retention
Something that helps seal the interface between ooth and restorative material
The repeated shrinkage and expansion of the restoration during ingestion of cold and hot fluids that can allow the ingress of bacteria and oral fluids and may lead to recurrent caries, staining, and pulpal irritation
Which of the following is the best thermal conductor?
Gold
Dentin
Enamel
Ceramic
Which of the following restorative materials has a coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity closest to enamel?
Gold
Amalgam
Porcelain
Composite resin
Which of the following statements is true for the property of wetting as related to dental materials
The Teflon surface of cooking equipment has good wetting
A thin film of dental cement is desirable to cement crowns
Liquids generally spread better over low surface energy surfaces
A surface has high surface energy when liquids bead up on the surface
Microleakage into the interface between tooth structure and restorative material is responsible for much of the ____ observed following tooth restoration. 1. Recurrent decay 2. Marginal staining 3. Postoperative sensitivity 4. tarnish
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2, 3
2, 3, 4
1, 2
Some materials give off heat when mixed. What is this called?
Chemical reaction
Exothermic reaction
Thermal conductivity
Coefficient of thermal expansion
Which term describes the thicker or thinner a material is?
Density
Viscosity
Flowability
Thixotropic
Which of the following is an example of a direct restorative material?
Porcelain inlay
Cast gold crown
Ceramic implant abutment
Silver dental amalgam restoration
_____ time is the time permitted to manipulate the material in the mouth
Mixing
Working
Initial set
Final set
Dual set materials utilize ____ setting reactions
Both light-activated and chemil
Light-activated but not chemical
Chemical setting but not light-activated
Neither light-activated nor chemical
In general ___ temperature and ____ humidity will accelerate the reaction of the material
High: high
High: low
Low; high
Low; low
What is the maximum amount of stress a material can take before breaking?
Ultimate capacity
Ultimate strength
Material hardness
Maximum elasticity
What is the measure of the weight of a material as compared with its volume?
Density
Viscosity
Hardness
Resistance
A ____ material will flow more easily under mechanical pressure
Viscous
Thixotropic
Resistance
Therapeutic
Who has the responsability of assessing hazardous chemicals and then passing the information to consumers?
Occupational safety and health administration
Organization for safety and asepsis procedures
Center for disease control and prevention
Chemical manufacturers
What does SDS stand for?
Safety data sheet
Serving dental systems
System of dental services
Serving dental structures
Which particulates are smaller than 5 microns?
Dust
Mold
Splatter
Aerosols
Through which medium is dust generated and inhaled?
Living mist
Bio-aerosol
Infectious waste
Particulate matter
The most commonly used etchant or conditioner for tooth bonding is ____ in concentrations ranging from 10% to 38%
Acetic acid
Phosphoric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Sodium perborate
When are posts placed within the roots of endodontically treated teeth to retain dental materials used to build up the teeth?
When the root needs strengthening
When the crown-to-tooth ratio is poor
When a multi-rooted tooth is involved
When coronal tooth structure is inadequate for retention of a crown and a build-up is needed
The etched surface of a permanent tooth should have a/an ______
Frosty
Opaque
Darkened
Transparent
Which of the following is true of the smear layer?
It is composed exclusively of bacterial plaque
It is easily washed off with an air-water spray
It forms on the external surface of uncut enamel
It interferes with the formation of a bond to dentin and needs to be removed
The oxygen-inhibited layer is a very thin coating of uncured resin. Where is it found?
Within the dentinal
At the base of the polymerized bonding resin
On the surface of the polymerized bonding resin
Within intertubular and peritubular dentin, but not within dentinal tubules
Which of the following is an advantage of composite resin versus amalgam?
Wear
Abrasion
Longetivity
Thermal conductivity
Which part of the tooth is generally closes to the dentin in color
Body
Cervical
Incisal area of the anterior teeth
Occlusal area of posterior teeth
Which of the following is used to prepare the dentinal tooth surface for placement of glass ionomer cement?
35% phosphoric acid
10% polyacrylic acid
A rotary cutting instrument such as a diamond bur
Nothing; it bonds to calcium without surface preparation
To avoid shrinkage, how should composite resin be placed into a preparation?
In large increments
In small increments
The material does not shrink
What is the best way to take a patient's color/shade?
Using a shde guide
Moistening the teeth
Curing a mall quantity to enamel
All are good choices
The accepted optimal level of fluoride in the drinking water is _____ mg/L or parts per million
0.01
0.7
0.12
0.5
Where is fluoride's greatest anticaries benefit gained?
Topical fluoride exposure before eruption
Systemic fluoride exposure before eruption
Topical fluoride exposure after the teeth have erupted
Systemic fluoride exposure after the teeth have erupted
Which of the following is the most commonly noted side effect of the use of chlorhexidine gluconate as an antibacterial mouth rinse
Leukoplakia
Brown stain
Geographic tongue
Median rhmboid glossitis
Which of the following is the worst type of sealant failure?
All of the sealant is lost
Part of the sealant is lost
The sealant remains in place but leaks
Too much sealant is placed, resulting in excess material in the contact
Which of the following desensitizing agents is thought to work by passing through the dentianl tubules to the pulp and acting directly on the nerve?
Fluoride compounds in toothpastes,gels, or solutions
Ferric or potassium oxalate solutions
Chemical solution containing resin
Potassium nitrate
At what pH will tooth demineralization occur?
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
In conjunction with fluoride, which product would aid in tooth remineralization
Phenolic compounds
Chlorhexidine
Essential oils
Antibiotics
Which of the following statements is true regarding teeth bleaching
All teeth bleaching products contain peroxide
Teeth bleaching occurs when the bleaching material passes through the spaces in enamel and oxidizes the stain
Acid etching before the application of the bleach chemical may enhance penetration of the bleach
Acid etching will polish the surface of the enamel
Which of the following statements is true regarding types of tooth stains
Intrinsic stains are on the tooth surface
All extrinsic stains can be removed by hand or ultrasonic scaling and coronal polishing
In general, yellow-brown discoloration are easier to bleach than blue-gray and black colors
Tetracycline derivatives such as minocycline will cause discoloration of teeth in children but not in adults
Why should a leaking restoration be replaced before the bleaching process is started
Ensure a correct shade match
Prevent a line of black stain around the restorations
Be certain that restorative needs are treated before esthetic needs
Prevent excessive penetration of bleack through dentinal tubules that might irritate the pulp and cause sensitivity
Bleaching materials often contain ___ to help decrease tooth sensitivity
Potassium nitrate
Fluoride
A & b
Calcium hydroxide
Which of the following is/are a potential side effect(s) of bleaching?
Condyle pain
Tooth sensitivity
Gum irritation
All of the above
What is the active ingredient in OTC bleaching material?
Carbamide peroxide
Phosphoric acid
Sodium nitrate
Sodium hypochlorite
What is the active ingredient used for in-office bleaching materials
Sodium nitrate
Phosphoric acid
Hydrogen peroxide
Carbamide peroxide
In addition to pumice, what substance is used to perform enamel microabrasion?
Carbamide peroxide
Hydrogren peroxide
Hydrochloric acid
Phosphoric acid
What is the main advantage of the combination of porcelain and metal for fixed crown and bridge prosthodontics?
Direct fabrication of the restoration in the patient's mouth
Superior esthetics when contrasted with all-porcelain jacket crowns
The use of high-fusing porcelain for superior bonding to tooth structure
The strenght and durability produced by the bond between a metal internal core and the porcelain covering
Which of the following is the first layer of porcelain applied to the metal during fabrication of porcelain-metal restorations?
Body porcelain
Incisal porcelain
Opaque porcelain
Translucent porcelain
Why do all-ceramic crowns have a more lifelike appearance than porcelain-bonded-to-metal crowns
Have an opaque layer
Do not have an opaque layer to hide metal
Utilize high-fusing rather than low-fusing porcelain
Are cemented with different cements than porcelain-bonded-to-metal crowns
All-ceramic restorations can be used for which of the following indirect dental restoratives? 1.inlay 2. onlays 3. crowns 4. veneers
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 4
1, 2
Which of the following is true of computer-aiding machine for crown and bridge technique
It is available only for fabrication of porcelain veneers
No die needs to be poured, and no temporary crown is necessary and optical scanner is used to make an "impression"
A porous ceramic core is infiltrated with molten glass by capillary action
Ceramic powder is mixed with a water-based liquid to form a mass that is pressed onto a porous refractory die
Which of the following is most challenging to correct when placing veneers?
The patient has a diastema
The natural tooth structure is dark
The teeth are rotated out of occlusion
The adjacent teeth have been bleached
When the silver-based alloy used to create dental amalgam is mixed with ____ the reaction that occurs is called amalgamation
Methyl methacrylate
A bonding agent
An acid etchant
Mercury
It takes up to _____ for most amalgams to gain their maximum strength
30 min
1 hour
12 hours
24 hours
Which of the following is true of tarnish?
It is very destructive to the amalgam
Polishing the restoration will increase the tarnish
The smoother the surface, the more it tends to tarnish
It results from contact with oxygen, chlorides, and sulfides in the mouth
Which of the following may happen if a newly placed amalgam contracts excessively
It can put pressure on the cusps
It will open gaps at the margins, contribute to leakage of fluids and bacteria, and cause sensitivity
It can cause pain with biting pressure
It can result in fracture of the cusps
What is the result if an amalgam restoration corrodes?
Weakens over time
Stains surrounding tooth
Breaks down at the margins
All of the above are possible
How will properly triturated amalgam appear?
A satiny ball
Dry and shiny
Shiny and wet
Dry and crumble
Which of the following is a noble metal used for dental casting alloys?
Silver (ag)
Platinum (Pt)
Copper (Cu)
Titanium (Ti)
Which of the following is true of the preparation of the metal substructure for porcelain-bonded-to-metal crowns
The metal subtructure should have sharp angles
The metal substructure must be concave in shape
The metal substructure must be at least 1.5 mm thick
To make room for the metal substructure and porcelain, these crowns require greater reduction of the tooth than all-metal crown
Which of the following represents the correct order for application of the porcelain layers during the creation of a porcelain-bonded-to-metal crown? 1.Incisal porcelain 2. Opaque porcelain 3. Body porcelain
1, 2, 3
1, 3, 2
2, 3, 1
2, 1, 3
Which of the following base metals has the highest incidence of allergic response?
Nickel
Chromium
Beryllium
Gallium
How is the arch wire held to the orthodontic bracket?
Cement
Magnets
Capillary adhesion
Ligature wire or elastics
During conventional root canal therapy (RCT), the root canal space is sealed with _____ so that bacteria cannot grow in the space
Gutta percha
Chlorobutanol
Zinc phosphate
Silver amalgam
The success rate of dental implants is more than _____ % with careful case selection
50
70
90
99
The _____ implant is the most commonly used in dentistry today
Supraperiosteal
Subperiosteal
Transosteal
Endosseous
Why are endosseous implants more successful in the mandible than in the maxilla
Blood flow is better in the mandible
Gravity drags maxillary implants from their socket
The bone in the mandible is generally much denser than in the maxilla
There os a greater lateral component of force on maxillary teeth than on mandibular teeth
Which of the following metals is most commonly used for implants?
Nickel
Titanium
Stainless steel
Molybdenum
During a two-stage endosseous surgical implant placement procedure, the healing abutment is placed about ____ following placement of the implant fixture
1 week
1 month
3 months
1 year
Which of the following is true concerning home are for implant patient
Home care regimens should be customized for each patient
All implant patient should receive standardized instructions
Plaque-disclosing agentis must never be used with implant patients
Wooden plaque removers must not be used because they will scratch implants
Which of the following should occur during the hygiene visit for routine implant assessment and maintenance?
Routine probing is recommended
The patient should return to the dental office at 12 month intervals
The implant prosthesis should be scaled with hand scalers and polished with prophy paste
The dentist may request periodic radiographs to check the bone level surrounding the implants
Failure of an implant after initial integration is often attributed what cause?
Unnatural forces on the implant
Poor surgical technique
Poor quality of bone
Bacterial infection (periimplantitis)
How often should oral hygiene for implants patients be monitored
Every 3 to 4 months
Every 6 months
Annually
At each visit
Which of the following scalers ranks materials by their relative resistance to abrasion
Brinell
Moh
Vickers
Knoop
The philosophy of ____ polishing is regarded as the most approppiate approach in the selection of which teeth and surfaces to polish
Aggressive
Complete
Selective
Why shouldn't prostheses with metal components be placed in dilute acid solutions or hypochlorites (bleach)
Subsequent bad taste when reinserted into the patient's mouth
The resultant corrosion of these components
Release of hydrogen sulfide gas
Darkening of the prostheses
Polishing the contact area between restored teeth is
Desireable for esthetic reasons
Undesirable because it may leave an open contact
Undesirable because it increases treatment time
Desirable for esthetic and functional reasons
Which of the following may be used to remove biofilm from implants without abrading the surface of the titanium. 1. Metal hand instruments 2. Special plastic hand instruments 3. Plastic sheaths for iltrasonic scalers 4. Nonabrasive paste or tin oxide
1, 2, 3, 4
2,3,4
2,4
1
Air polishing utilizes a combination of ____ , air, and water at a pressure of approximately 40 PSI as an effective and efficient means of removing stains and soft deposits from enamel surfaces
Sodium hypochlorite
Aluminum oxide
Sodium bicarbonate
Dilute acids
Which of the following is true of microabrasion?
It utilizes sodium bicarbonate powder
It is not meant to be used intraorally
It is recommended for removal of stain from teeth
It can be used to remove minimal amounts of tooth structure
Which of the following cements is used as a direct pulp-capping agent when very small exposures of the pulp are suspected
Cavity varnish
Zinc phosphate
Calcium hydroxide
Zinc oxide eugenol
Which of the following cements is highest in mechanical strenght?
Resin cement
Hybrid ionomer
Zinc polycarboxylate
Glass ionomer cement
Which of the following cements should not be used under composites as temporary cement before final cementation with hybrid ionomer or resin cements
Glass ionomer cement
Zinc phosphate cement
Zinc oxide eugenol cement
Zinc polycarboxylate cement
Which cement is recommended for metal-free restorations
Glass ionomer cement
Resin-based cement
Hybrid ionomer cement
Resin-modified glass ionomer cement
What are glass ionomer cements used for
Liner
Base
Restoration
All of the above
What is the advantage of using glass ionomer cement
Fluoride ion release
Low strength
Low solubility
Sedative effect
The completed impression forms a ___ reproduction of the teeth and tissues, and the replica or model forms a ____ replica of the teeth and tissues
Positive; positive
Positives; negative
Negative; positive
Negative; negative
Which of the following is the most widely used dental impression material?
Reversible hydrocolloid
Irreversible hydrocolloid
Addition of silicone impression material
Condensation silicone impression material
Mixed alginate should be loaded into the impression tray in ___ increments as ___ as possible
Large; quickly
Large; slowly
Small; quickly
Small; slowly
What is the ideal time frame for pouring an alginate impression
Within an hour
A day
A week
A month
When mixing alginate, as the water temperature increases, the working time
Increases
Decreases
Stays the same
When should impressions be desinfected
At the dental lab check-in
Before rinsing with water
Chairside upon removal and after rinsing under water
For an hour before pouring in gypsum
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