Intro to Computing Finals Review

A programmable machine designed to perform arithmetic and logical operations automatically and sequentially on the input given by the user and give the desired output after processing.

The following are the 4 major function of computer, EXCEPT:

It provides data and instructions to the computer.

It operates and controls information in the computer system.

It is where the information is saved.

It is to convey the consequences of processing information.

Most powerful and most advanced in terms of performance and data processing. These computers are commonly used by large organizations to conduct specific tasks such as weather forecasting, research, and exploration.

• Based on their size
• Based on their ability to handle data

A large and expensive computer capable of handling thousands of users and programs simultaneously. This computer can handle, process, and store large amounts of data. These are commonly stored in large air-conditioned rooms because of it's big size.

Also known as midrange computers. It features all the functions of a large size computer, but has smaller size. It can support many user because of it's multi-processing system.

Most widely used and fastest growing type of computer. Desktop computers, laptops, tablets, and smartphones are examples of this type of computer.

A special computer made for technical or scientific purposes.

A cheap, portable device designed for individual usage (or for use by a small group of individuals).

One that handles infinite fractions of integers and can execute numerous calculations simultaneously.

Any of a group of tools that may solve issues by processes data in discrete form.

A type of computer that has both digital and analog computing capabilities.

A set of programs, for organize data used to operate computers, applications, information that run on a device.

It consists of an operating system and fundamental utilities that runs and control application.

It is a single and small collection of programs that performs specific personal, educations and business functions.

It manages all the other programs in a computer, handles resources and provides general services for all the applications that run over them.

Enables the user to install various application software, like Microsoft Word, Google Chrome, Firefox, and many other applications.

Allows users to write, edit and save documents.

A software which enables users to sketch, paint, edit and craft any concept art in a computer.

It is also known as device drivers that operate to communicate with each other.

It describes between two application systems to provide unified services to users.

It is a set of programs that helps software developers to maintain, debug and create other applications.

A collection of parts of a computer and related devices that is tangible.

Any device that sends out data and connects into the computer.

Devices connected to the computer which receives and performs incoming data.

A device primarily used to store data or information.

A device primarily used as a permanent and long-term storage of programs and data.

Responsible for interpreting most of the computer's command.

It refers to a high-performance computer that provides shared information resources and various services for many users on the network at the same time in a network environment.

The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in:

A tally stick was an ancient memory aid device to record and document numbers, quantities, or even messages.

A mechanical device used to aid an individual in performing mathematical calculations.

Allowed the operator to multiply, divide and calculate square and cube roots by moving the rods around and placing them in specially constructed boards.

Used primarily for multiplication, division, roots, logarithms, and trigonometry. Not normally used for addition or subtraction.

It was its limitation to addition and subtraction. It is too expensive.

Who is the First Computer Programmer?

What is the First Programmable Computer?

What is the First Portable Computer?

What is the First Computer Company?

A circuit board that holds and connects various components of the computer and allows their communication.

The "brain" of the computer where programs are run.

It is used to temporarily store information that is currently in use by the computer. This can include anything from word documents to videos.

It is used to permanently store instructions that tell the computer how to boot (start up). It also loads the operating system (e.g. Windows).

Also known as Graphic Card. It is an integrated circuit that generates the video signal sent to a computer display.

It is a non-volatile data storage device. It is usually installed internally in a computer, attached directly to the disk controller of the computer's motherboard. Retains stored data when powered off.

It uses integrated circuit assemblies to store data persistently, typically using flash memory, and functioning as secondary storage in the hierarchy of computer storage. It is much faster than the traditional hard disks.

It converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a computer.

It is an internal or external device that connects directly to a computer or other digital device but does not contribute to the computer's primary function, such as computing. It helps end users access and use the functionalities of a computer.

Computer can complete any kind of calculation in a few seconds, because computer is a super-fast machine.

A computer will remain the similarity as any set of imputed number will give the same result.

The level of precision with which calculations are made and operation are performed.

This refers to the endurance of the computer to free away from exhaustion, lack of concentration, fatigue etc.

It is the power of a computer's brain, where it can remember everything and store information on the computer.

It is the computer-based method over true or false answers, rather than numeric values.

It refers to the ability of the computer to perform different task at the same time.

A process which you will input the instruction to the computer by using codes and will work automatically without human intervention.

It is a procedural programming language. It was initially developed by Dennis Ritchie in the year 1972. It was mainly developed as a system programming language to write an operating system

Also known as main memory. It is the component of the computer that holds data, programs, and instructions that are currently in use.

It runs as soon as the computer is switched on. It checks that the hardware is functioning correctly and then loads the computer's operating system.

It can operate at higher speeds than DRAM, it is more expensi ve to manufacture because of its complex internal structure, so most of the RAM on the motherboard is DRAM.

It is a common type of random access memory (RAM) used in personal computers (PCs), workstations and servers. Operates Asynchronously with the system clock

Also known as "flash drives". It can be written to and overwritten just like random access memory (RAM).

It is optimized for random access capabilities, which means it is capable of accessing data in any order and does not require following a sequence of storage locations.

It is optimized for high-density data storage and gives up the ability for random access capabilities.

It is a type of high-speed volatile random access memory (RAM) that is built into the processor. Data can be transferred to and from cache memory more quickly than from RAM. As a result, it is used temporarily.

In secondary memory, a ____ is an internal media device that is used to store data in a computer system.

In secondary memory, a ____ is an external media device that is used to store data in a computer system.

It consists of a magnetic disc in a square plastic case. It is used to store data and to transfer data from one device to another device.

These are circular disks that use optical rays, usually lasers, to read and write data. They are very cheap as you can get 700 MB of storage space for less than a dollar.

These are optical devices that can store 15 times the data held by CDs. They are usually used to store rich multimedia files that need high storage capacity.

It is generally used in portable devices like mobile phones, cameras, etc., to store data. It is available in different sizes like 1 GB, 2 GB, 4 GB, 8 GB, 16 GB, 32 GB, 64 GB, etc.

It is an optical storage media used to store high-definition (HD) video and other multimedia filed.

It is a portable memory device that uses solid-state memory rather than magnetic fields or lasers to record data. It uses a technology similar to RAM, except that it is non-volatile. It is also called a USB drive, key drive, or flash memory.

Converting one's code from its language and putting it into another.

It is a program that translates assembly language/low-level programming language into machine code.

It is a set of instructions containing mnemonic code that human can understand.

It is the symbolic representation of machine level instructions. For instance; MOV, SUB, ADD, etc.

It is a piece of software and a translation tool that transforms computer code high-level human readable language into a low-level computer language, machine code, or object code, then outputs an executable program.

It converts high-level computer code into code that a machine can understand. It translates code one statement at a time.

Debugging is easy for Interpreter since it execites line by line but because of this the execution time is longer.

Cutting code or the high-level language from a file and place it to another file for translation.

Gathering of all the high-level language codes needed for the execution then generate an assembly code.

Taking the assembly code from the compilation stage and translate it to machine language so that the machine will understand the code.

Taking all of the code and linking them together to form an executable file.

In this generation, computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. They were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions.

Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in this generation of computers. One transistor replaced the equivalent of 40 vacuum tubes. Allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient, and more reliable.

The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of this generation of computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.

The microprocessor brought this generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks, which eventually led to the development of the Internet.

It is based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and is still in development. The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality. The goal is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization.

It is made up of only 0s and 1s.

It refers to the base-10 numbering system.

It refers to the base-8 numbering system.

It refers to the base-16 numbering system.

Computers use decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal number systems.

It is a system in which a number of independent computers are linked together to share data and peripherals, such as files and printers.

It is a network that is confined to a relatively small area. It is generally limited to a geographic area such as a writing lab, school, or building.

It is a network that connects two or more Local Area Networks or Campus Area Networks together but does not extend beyond the boundaries of the immediate town/city.

It is the technology that connects your offices, data centers, cloud applications, and cloud storage together.

It is a family of wired computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN) and wide area networks (WAN).

These are the most widely used computer networks in the world, used globally in home and small office networks to link desktop and laptop computers, tablet computers, smartphones, smart TVs, printers, and smart speakers together and to a wireless router to connect them to the Internet, and in wireless access points in public places like coffee shops, hotels, libraries and airports to provide visitors with Internet connectivity for their mobile devices.

It is a device that sends a message. The message can consist of text, numbers, pictures etc.

It is a device that converts digital signals in a form that can pass through a transmission medium.

It is the physical path that connects sender and receiver. It is used to transmit data.

It is a device that converts the encoded signals into digital form.

It is a device that receives the message. It is also called sink.

Correct flow of Data Communication.

Also known as Transmission Mode where buses and networks are designed to allow communication to occur between individual devices that are interconnected.

It is used in computing networks when there is a single or one-way flow of information from sender to receiver.

It is used in computer networks when there is a way to flow information from sender to receiver but only one at a time.

It is used in computing networks when there is simultaneous information flow in both directions, from sender to receiver.

The arrangement of a network including its nodes and connecting lines.

Every workstations is connected to a main cable called "Bus".

There's a central computer or server, every workstation is indirectly connected to every other through the central computer. It consists of nodes connected to a central switch or hub.

Workstations are connected in a closed loop configuration, adjacent pairs of workstations are directly connected, and other pairs of workstations are indirectly connected, the data passing through one or more intermediate nodes.

It uses two or more star networks connected together, the central computers are connected to a main bus, thus it is a bus network of star networks.

In this type of topology, a host is connected to one or multiple hosts. This topology has hosts in point-to-point connection with every other host or may also have hosts which are in point-to-point connection to few hosts only.

This topology connects all the hosts in a linear fashion. Similar to Ring topology, all hosts are connected to two hosts only, except the end hosts.

A network structure whose design contains more than one topology.

It was the first general-purpose electronic digital computer design for business application produced in the United States. It was designed principally by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, the inventors of the ENIAC.

It was the first automatic electronic digital computer. Limited by the technology of the day, and execution, the device has remained somewhat obscure.

It was one of the earliest electronic computers. It was built by Moore School of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania. Unlike ENIAC, it was binary rather than decimal, and was designed to be a stored-program computer.

It was the first programmable, electronic, general-purpose digital computer, completed in 1945. It was Turing-complete and able to solve "a large class of numerical problems" through reprogramming.

It was the first digital mechanical calculator strong enough and reliable enough to be used daily in an office environment. This calculator could add and subtract two numbers directly and could perform long multiplications and divisions effectively by using a movable accumulator for the result.

It was a mechanical calculator invented by the German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz around 1672 and completed in 1694.

It is a device fitted to a loom that simplifies the process of manufacturing textiles with such complex patterns as brocade, damask and matelassé.

It was an electromechanical machine designed to assist in summarizing information stored on punched cards. Invented by Herman Hollerith, the machine was developed to help process data for the 1890 U.S. Census.

It is an automatic mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions. It was designed in the 1820s, and was first created by Charles Babbage.

It was a proposed mechanical general-purpose computer designed by English mathematician and computer pioneer Charles Babbage. It was first described in 1837 as the successor to Babbage's difference engine, which was a design for a simpler mechanical calculator.

It was a general-purpose electromechanical computer used in the war effort during the last part of World War II.

It was able to rapidly calculate and print multiplication, division, and exponentiation in a logarithmic table. By inputting numbers into the columns and changing the setting into either multiplication, division, or exponents.