Operating System FINALS
The following are true about Interrupts' common functions, which one is false?
Interrupt architecture must save the address of the interrupted instruction
Incoming interrupts are disabled while another interrupt is being processed to prevent a lost interrupt
A system call is a software-generated interrupt caused either by an error or a user request
Interrupt transfers control to the interrupt service routine generally, through the interrupt vector, which contains the addresses of all the service routines
In the following DMA structure, which one is a false statement?
Only one interrupt is generated per block, rather than the one interrupt per byte
Used for high-speed I/O devices able to transmit information at close to memory speeds
Device controller transfers blocks of data from buffer storage directly to main memory without CPU intervention
Operating system indexes into I/O device table to determine device status and to modify table entry to include interrupt
The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with process management: Which one is a false statement?
Suspending and resuming processes
Creating and deleting both user and system processes
Providing mechanisms for deadlock handling
Providing mechanisms for process communication
Providing mechanisms for interrupt handling
Providing mechanisms for process synchronization
The following are Memory management activities: Which one is a false statement?
Allocating and deallocating memory space as needed
Deciding which processes (or parts thereof) and data to move into and out of memory
Optimizing CPU utilization and computer response to users
Keeping track of which parts of memory are currently being used and by whom
In the following storage devices, which one has the least storage size?
Main memory
Cache
Registers
Disk storage
Which of the following is managed by the compiler?
Main memory
Disk storage
Registers
Cache
The one program running at all times on the computer
Kernel
Bootstrap
System call
Interrupt
In interrupt handling, which one is not true?
The operating system preserves the state of the CPU by storing registers and the program counter
Separate segments of code determine what action should be taken for each type of interrupt
Determines which type of interrupt has occurredDevice controller transfers blocks of data from buffer storage directly to main memory without CPU intervention
Determines which type of interrupt has occurred
Copying information into faster storage system
Caching
Copy + Paste
Threading
Interrupt
Which one is not included in the advantages of multicore processing?
Parallel systems
Economy of scale
Increased reliability
Increased throughput
Which one is not true for clustered systems?
Provides a high-availability service which survives failures
Can run on a single computer system
Usually sharing storage via a storage-area network (SAN)
Some clusters are for high-performance computing (HPC)
Timesharing (multitasking) is logical extension in which CPU switches jobs so frequently that users can interact with each job while it is running, creating interactive computing. Which of the statements is not true for timesharing?
If processes don’t fit in memory, caching moves them in and out to run
Response time should be < 1 second
If several jobs ready to run at the same time
Each user has at least one program executing in memory
One set of operating-system services provides functions that are helpful to the user: Which of the following is not included
Memory Management
Program execution
I/O operations
File-system manipulation
In user interfaces, which of the following is not included?
Command line
Batch
System calls
GUI
The following are statements about Systems Call. Which is not a valid statement for Systems call?
System-call interface maintains a table indexed according to priorities
Programming interface to the services provided by the OS
Typically written in a high-level language (C or C++)
Mostly accessed by programs via a high-level Application Program Interface (API) rather than direct system call use
Three most common APIs are:
Unix API, Win32 and JVM API
Mac OSX API, Win32 and Java API
Win32, POSIX API and Java API
None of the selections
In Process control Systems calls, which of the following are not included?
Allocate and free memory
Load, execute
Create file and delete file
Lend, abort
Create/terminate process
Wait
Which one is not included in the File management of the Systems Call?
Create file and delete file
Get process attributes, set process attributes
Read, write, reposition
Open, close file
Get and set file attributes
In Systems calls, which of the following is not included in the Device Management?
Read, write, reposition
Get device attributes, set device attributes
None of the selections
Request device, release device
Logically attach or detach devices
In Systems Call, which of the following is not included in the Information Maintenance?
Get system data, set system data
Get time or date, set time or date
Get and set process, file, or device attributes
Set memory count and buffer
In Systems Calls, which of the following is not included in the Communications?
Transfer status information
Send, receive messages
Attach and detach communication devices
Create, delete communication connection
In MS-DOS Operations, which of the following is present while the program is running and not present on the system startup?
Command interpreter
Free memory
Process
Kernel
In a layered approach of the OS, which one is on the top of the layer?
Kernel
Device controllers
User interface
Hardware
In the layered approach of the OS, which one is in the bottom layer?
Kernel
Device controllers
User interface
Hardware
The benefits of the Microkernel System Structure are given on the selections. Which one is not a benefit but a detriment?
Performance overhead of user space to kernel space communication
More secure
Easier to extend a microkernel
Easier to port the operating system to new architectures
Most modern operating systems implement kernel modules. Which of the following is not a valid reason for a modular approach?
Each is loadable as needed within the kernel
Each talks to the others over known interfaces
Each core component is separate
None of the selections is invalid
Uses object-oriented approach
Takes the layered approach to its logical conclusion. It treats hardware and the operating system kernel as though they were all hardware.
Virtual machine
Virtual computer
Hardware virtuality
Virtual concept
This creates the illusion that a process has its own processor and (virtual memory).
Iso image
Host
Virtual machine
Guest
Each virtual machine provided with a (virtual) copy of underlying computer
Host
Operating system
Virtual machine
Guest
Which of the following statements is not true for the Virtual machine's benefits and history?
Some sharing of file can be permitted, controlled
Open Virtual Machine Format”, standard format of virtual machines, allows a VM to run within many different virtual machine (host) platforms
First appeared commercially in IBM mainframes in 1974
Commutate with each other, other physical systems via networking
Failure of an application can generate ____ file capturing memory of the process
Log files
Core dump
Probe
Crash dump
Operating system failure can generate ___ file containing kernel memory
Crash dump
Core dump
Probe
Log files
Is the part of the process that contains memory dynamically allocated during run time.
Heap
Data section
Stack
Text section
The process state involves the following correct sequence.
New-running-ready-waiting-terminated
Ready-new-running-waiting-terminated
New-waiting-running-ready-terminated
New-running-waiting-ready-terminated
No answer text provided.
The process scheduler maintains scheduling queues of processes. Which one contains all the set of processes in the system?
Ready queue
Device queue
Process queue
Job queue
The process scheduler maintains scheduling queues of processes. Which one contains all the sets of processes residing in main memory, ready and waiting to execute?
Device queue
Job queue
Process queue
Ready queue
The parent process creates children processes, which, in turn, create other processes, forming a ____
Child process
Process queue
Parent process
Tree of processes
In process termination, a parent may terminate the execution of children processes. What is the generic term used to terminate processes?
Abort
Kill
No answer text provided.
Stop
Terminate
In many cases, if a parent terminates, all of its children processes also terminates. What do you call this type of termination?
Parent-child termination
Cascading termination
None of the selections
Abortion
Processes in the system that can affect or be affected by other processes, including sharing data.
Cooperating process
Multi process
Independent process
Inter process
Buffering is implemented in one of three ways. _____ has infinite length and Sender never waits.
Unbounded capacity
Bounded capacity
Zero capacity
Communication works as follows:
1. The client sends a connection request.
2. The client opens a handle to the subsystem’s connection port object.
3. The server creates two private communication ports and returns the handle to one of them to the client.
4. The client and server use the corresponding port handle to send messages or callbacks and to listen for replies.
First statement should come second
First statement should come last
Statements are arranged properly
First statement should come third
The state of a process is defined by ____
The activity just executed by the process
The final activity of the process
The current activity of the process
The activity to next be executed by the process
A single thread of control allows the process to perform __________
Only one task at a time
All of the mentioned
Multiple tasks at a time
Only two tasks at a time
What is the objective of multiprogramming?
Have multiple programs waiting in a queue ready to run
Have some process running at all times
None of the mentioned
To minimize CPU utilization
Which of the following do not belong to queues for processes?
Ready Queue
PCB queue
Device Queue
Job Queue
When the process issues an I/O request __________
It is placed in the running queue
It is placed in the ready queue
It is placed in a waiting queue
It is placed in an I/O queue
In a time-sharing operating system, when the time slot given to a process is completed, the process goes from the running state to the __________
Suspended state
Terminated state
Ready state
Blocked state
In a multiprogramming environment __________
The programs are developed by more than one person
More than one process resides in the memory
The processor executes more than one process at a time
A single user can execute many programs at the same time
Suppose that a process is in “Blocked” state waiting for some I/O service. When the service is completed, it goes to the __________
Terminated state
Suspended state
Ready state
Running state
Which process can be affected by other processes executing in the system?
Parent process
Child process
Init process
Cooperating process
Process synchronization can be done on __________
Software level
Both hardware and software level
Hardware level
None of the mentioned
A parent process calling __ system call will be suspended until children processes terminate.
Wait
Exit
Exec
Fork
The child process can ?
Never be a duplicate of the parent process
Be a duplicate of the parent process
Cannot have another program loaded into it
Never have another program loaded into it
All are examples of OS EXCEPT one.
Android
Linux
Unix
Arduino
The link between two processes P and Q to send and receive messages is called __
Message-passing link
Synchronization link
Communication link
All of the mentioned
In indirect communication between processes P and Q , there is __
Another process R to handle and pass on the messages between P and Q
None of the mentioned
Another machine between the two processes to help communication
A mailbox to help communication between P and Q
In the non-blocking send, __
The sending process sends the message and resumes operation
None of the mentioned
The sending process keeps sending until it receives a message
The sending process keeps sending until the message is received
In the Zero capacity queue, __
The sender keeps sending and the messages don’t wait in the queue
The queue can store at least one message
The sender blocks until the receiver receives the message
None of the mentioned
What is Inter process communication?
Allows the processes to only synchronize their actions without communication
Allows processes to communicate and synchronize their actions without using the same address space
Allows processes to communicate and synchronize their actions when using the same address space
None of the mentioned
A classic interrupt-based solution to the critical section performs which operation to solve the CSP?
Enable Interrupt
None of the Choices
Disable Interrupt
Interrupt Request Acknowledgment
To solve the critical section, certain conditions must be followed. Check conditions that is not included
Liveness
Bounded Waiting
Mutual Exclusion
Progress
The correct definition for the term "race condition" is...
A scenario in which a single process manipulates and accesses the same data simultaneously.
A scenario in which multiple processes simultaneously access and modify the same data
A scenario in which no process is accessing or manipulating the same data at the same time.
None of the Answers
In the following execution:
signal(mutex);
...
critical section
...
wait(mutex);
Suppose that a process omits the wait(mutex), or the signal(mutex), or both. In this case:
Processes will starve to enter critical section
Either mutual exclusion is violated or a deadlock will occur.
Processes will not starve to enter critical section
several processes maybe executing in their critical section
How many variables (at a minimum) must be shared between processes to solve the critical section problem?
2
4
1
3
Process synchronization can be done on which of the following levels?
None of the Choices
Hardware
Both hardware and software
Software
If a process Pi is executing in its critical section, then no other process can be executing their critical sections as well. Which criteria is described in the aforementioned situation?
Bounded Waiting
Progress
Mutual Exclusion
Liveness
Which of the following actions will enable a process to wait within the monitor?
Condition variables must be used as boolean objects
A condition variable must be declared as condition
Semaphore must be used
None of the mentioned
A monitor is a module that encapsulates which of the following?
synchronization between concurrent procedure invocation
shared data structures
Procedures that operate on shared data structure
None of the mentioned
Which of the following is a valid synchronization tool?
Threads
Pipe
Semaphore
Socket
Which of the following statements is true regarding mutex lock as a solution to the critical-section problem?
A process need not acquire the lock before entering a critical section;
A process must acquire the lock before entering a critical section;
It releases the lock when it exits the critical section
A process must acquire the lock when it exits the critical section.
Peterson's Solution aims to solve the critical section problem. It is an example of what?
Software- and Hardware-based Solution
Software-based Solution
Hardware-based Solution
None of the Choices
Which of the following asumptions stand true for the bounded-buffer problem?
We assume that the pool consists of n buffers, each capable of holding one item
The empty and full semaphores count the number of empty and full buffers.The semaphore empty is initialized to the value n; the semaphore full is initialized to the value 0.
The mutex semaphore provides mutual exclusion for accesses to the buffer pool and is initialized to the value 1.
The empty and full semaphores count the number of empty and full buffers.The semaphore empty is initialized to the value 0; the semaphore full is initialized to the value n.
The mutex semaphore provides mutual exclusion for accesses to the buffer pool and is initialized to the value 0.
You are given different situations below. Identify which of the situations would constitute a satisfaction of the bounded-waiting criteria.
When a thread is executing in its critical section, no other threads can be executing in their critical sections
Several processes access and manipulate the same data concurrently
If no thread is executing in its critical section, and if there are some threads that wish to enter their critical sections, then one of these threads will get into the critical section.
After a thread makes a request to enter its critical section, thereis a bound on the number of times that the other threads are allowed to enter their critical sections, before the request is granted.
At a particular time of computation, the value of a counting semaphore is 7. Then 20 p operations and 'x' V operations were completed on this semaphore. If the final value of the semaphore is 5, what is the value of x (indicating the number of V operations)?
18
16
17
19
This segment of the code is where the process may be performing operations such as changing common variables, updating table, writing files, and other similar operations.
Entry Section
Code Section
Message Passing
Critical Section
Peter's solution works on a specific number of processes that alternate execution between their critical sections and remainder sections. How many processes can it handle?
Three
One
Four
Two
The readers–writers problem and its solutions have been generalized to provide reader–writer locks on some systems. A process wishing to modify the shared data must request the lock in which mode?
Read and Write MODE
Read MODE
All of the Choices
Write MODE
Another name for the bounded-buffer problem is...
The Dining-Readers' Problem
The Dining-Philosophers' Problem
The Producer-Consumer Problem
The Readers-Writers Problem
The Dining-Philosophers Problem Solution is:
Page fault free solution
Deadlock free solution
Starvation free solution
All of the Choices
In the critical section problem, each process must ask permission to enter the critical section in the __ of the code; it then executes the critical section
Entry section
Exit section
Remainder section
Code section
In the critical section problem, once it finishes executing in the critical section, it enters the __
Entry section
Exit section
Remainder section
Code section
In the critical section problem, afterwards, the process enters the
Remainder section
Entry section
Exit section
Code section
Identify the two standard atomic operations that can access Semaphores.
Wait() and exit()
exec() and exit()
wait() and signal()
exec() and signal()
CPU fetches the instruction from memory according to the value of __
Program counter
Status register
Instruction register
Program status word
A memory buffer used to accommodate a speed differential is called __
Stack pointer
Cache
Accumulator
Disk buffer
Which one of the following is the address generated by CPU?
Physical address
Absolute address
Logical address
None of the mentioned
Run time mapping from virtual to physical address is done by __
Memory management unit
CPU
PCI
None of the mentioned
Memory management technique in which system stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory is called?
Fragmentation
Paging
Mapping
None of the mentioned
The address of a page table in memory is pointed by __
Stack pointer
Page table base register
Page register
Program counter
Program always deals with __
Logical address
Absolute address
Physical address
Relative address
The page table contains __
Base address of each page in physical memory
Page offset
Page size
None of the mentioned
What is compaction?
A technique for overcoming internal fragmentation
A paging technique
A technique for overcoming external fragmentation
A technique for overcoming fatal error
Operating System maintains the page table for ____
Each process
Each thread
Each instruction
Each address
The relocation register helps in __
Providing more address space to processes
A different address space to processes
To protect the address spaces of processes
None of the mentioned
With relocation and limit registers, each logical address must be _______ the limit register.
Less than
Equal to
Greater than
None of the mentioned
The operating system and the other processes are protected from being modified by an already running process because __
They are in different memory spaces
They are in different logical addresses
They have a protection algorithm
Every address generated by the CPU is being checked against the relocation and limit registers
When memory is divided into several fixed sized partitions, each partition may contain __
Exactly one process
At least one process
Multiple processes at once
None of the mentioned
The first fit, best fit and worst fit are strategies to select a ___
Process from a queue to put in memory
Processor to run the next process
Free hole from a set of available holes
All of the mentioned
The heads of the magnetic disk are attached to a _____ that moves all the heads as a unit.
Spindle
Disk arm
Track
None of the mentioned
The set of tracks that are at one arm position make up a ___
Magnetic disks
Electrical disks
Assemblies
Cylinders
The time taken to move the disk arm to the desired cylinder is called the __
Positioning time
Random access time
Seek time
Rotational latency
The time taken for the desired sector to rotate to the disk head is called _
Positioning time
Random access time
Seek time
Rotational latency
What is the host controller?
Controller built at the end of each disk
Controller at the computer end of the bus
All of the mentioned
None of the mentioned
______ controller sends the command placed into it, via messages to the _____ controller.
Host, host
Disk, disk
Host, disk
Disk, host
What is the disk bandwidth?
The total number of bytes transferred
Total time between the first request for service and the completion on the last transfer
The total number of bytes transferred divided by the total time between the first request for service and the completion on the last transfer
None of the mentioned
If a process needs I/O to or from a disk, and if the drive or controller is busy then __
The request will be placed in the queue of pending requests for that drive
The request will not be processed and will be ignored completely
The request will be not be placed
none of the mentioned
The _________ present a uniform device-access interface to the I/O subsystem, much as system calls provide a standard interface between the application and the operating system.
Devices
Buses
Device drivers
I/O systems
In polling _
Busy – wait cycles wait for I/O from device
Interrupt handler receives interrupts
Interrupt-request line is triggered by I/O device
All of the mentioned
An asynchronous call ___
Returns immediately, without waiting for the I/O to complete
Does not return immediately and waits for the I/O to complete
Consumes a lot of time
Is too slow
The hardware mechanism that allows a device to notify the CPU is called _______
Polling
Interrupt
Driver
Controlling
The CPU hardware has a wire called __________ that the CPU senses after executing every instruction.
Interrupt request line
Interrupt bus
Interrupt receive line
Interrupt sense line
A ________ is a collection of electronics that can operate a port, a bus, or a device.
Controller
Driver
Host
Bus
Division by zero, accessing a protected or non existent memory address, or attempting to execute a privileged instruction from user mode are all categorized as ________
Errors
Exceptions
Interrupt handlers
All of the mentioned
The _________ are reserved for events such as unrecoverable memory errors.
Non maskable interrupts
Blocked interrupts
Maskable interrupts
None of the mentioned
The _________ determines the cause of the interrupt, performs the necessary processing and executes a return from the interrupt instruction to return the CPU to the execution state prior to the interrupt.
Interrupt request line
Device driver
Interrupt handler
All of the mentioned
An I/O port typically consists of four registers status, control, ________ and ________ registers.
System in, system out
Data in, data out
Flow in, flow out
Input, output
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