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DDS Dissertation (Heng Sopanha)

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Exploring Research Methodologies Quiz

Test your knowledge on various aspects of research methodologies with this engaging quiz designed for students, researchers, and educators alike. Dive into the world of hypotheses, variables, and statistical analysis, and enhance your understanding of essential concepts.

30 multiple-choice questions
Covering a range of research-related topics
Ideal for honing your academic skills

69 Questions17 MinutesCreated by CuriousScholar512

1. Complete this sentence. A hypothesis is:

σ� A statement of the aims of an investigation.

σ� A statement which serves as the basis for further investigation.

σ� The methodical evaluation of research evidence

σ� All of these.

2. Complete this sentence. Confounding variables are a problem in:

σ� Experimental studies.

σ� Correlational studies.

σ� Longitudinal studies.

σ� All answers

3. Complete this sentence. Ideally, if a study concluded that jealousy caused violence, it would have to:

σ� show a correlation between jealousy and violent behaviour in participants.

σ� assign participants to groups of high and low violence and compare their jealousy.

σ� measure jealousy and violence, over a period of time, on at least two intervals.

σ� randomly assign participants to groups of high and low jealousy and compare their violence.

4. Randomised assignment is:

σ� applied to participant groups to keep similar participants grouped together.

σ� sometimes done to data to allow cause and effect to be analysed.

σ� applied to data to control for a confounding variable.

σ� applied to participant groups to control for a confounding variable.

5. ---------is a statistical index which describes the degree and direction of the relationship between two characteristics or variables.

σ� Mean

σ� T-test

σ� Correlation

σ� Probability

6. What is the name for a variable which wholly or partially accounts for the relationship between two other variables?

σ� Consistent variable

σ� Congruent variable

σ� Confounding variable

σ� Confounded variable

7. Content analysis uses which of the below methods?

σ� Counting

σ� Classifying

σ� Recording

σ� All answers

8. Why does meta analysis provide a powerful integrative tool?

σ� It provides statistical methods for combining and differentiating between the findings of a number of data analyses.

σ� It provides statistical methods for differentiating between the conclusions of a number of data analyses.

σ� It provides methods for combining and differentiating between the conclusions of a number of data analyses.

σ� It provides statistical methods for combining a number of variables.

9. In meta analysis, a correlation co-efficient is one statistic which is used to calculate:

σ� The sample size

σ� The variability in individual scores

σ� The effect size

σ� The standard deviation

10. What purpose do clearly stated aims serve?

σ� Aims state clearly how the research will be done and what conclusions are expected.

σ� Aims state clearly what the research intends to contribute and justifies the research being carried out

σ� Aims state clearly what the research intends to contribute and details how the research will be done.

σ� Aims state clearly in detail how research will be done and justify why research is being carried out.

11. Which of the below is true of a research report?

σ� An ideal is to include every detail about the research as fully as possible.

σ� A research report gives every last detail of the major and critical aspects of the research process.

σ� A research report presents the stages of the research accurately down to the last detail, and in the order in which they occurred.

σ� A research report does not give every last detail but provides a clear synthesis of the major and critical aspects of the research process.

12. Which of the following lists presents the sections of a research report in the correct order?

σ� Title page, Abstract, Title, Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Appendices, References.

σ� Title page, Abstract, Title, Introduction, Method, Results, Conclusion, Discussion, References, Appendices.

σ� Title page, Abstract, Title, Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, References, Appendices.

σ� Title page, Title, Abstract, Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, References, Appendices.

13. What is the main advantage of producing a written research proposal?

σ� Helps the institution

σ� Helps keep people employed

σ� Informs all interested parties

σ� Help with credibility

14. All of these may appear in a research proposal, but which one will ALWAYS appear?

σ� Creative objective

σ� Research objective

σ� Marketing objective

σ� Business objective

15. Which word fills all the blanks in this extract: We talk about generating ………,testing ………..,rejecting………..

σ� Objective

σ� Hypotheses

σ� Aims

Question

16. The timing section of a proposal will NOT include:

σ� Progress report dates

σ� Deadlines for submitting the final report

σ� Guidelines on ethics

σ� Deadlines for ending data collection.

17. Good research proposal will always:

σ� Focus on addressing the research objective

σ� Consider all possible research that hard previously been done on the topic

σ� Provide respondent names and addresses

σ� Focus on the Harvard style

18. The proposal’s literature review is important because:

σ� It looks authoritative.

σ� The tutor insists upon it.

σ� It is expected by university

σ� It shows that you are knowledgeable about the literature that relates to your research topic.

19. Which proposal section is intended to describe the purpose with a full statement of the research question?

σ� Proposed method.

σ� Introduction.

σ� Literature review.

σ� References.

20. Which ONE of these phrases is best avoided in a proposal?

σ� The intention is to complete the study by….

σ� I hope to ……..

σ� This research seek to ……..

σ� This research draws upon the work of……….

21. Which ONE of these is best avoided in a proposal?

σ� Short, clear sentences

σ� Accurate spelling and grammar.

σ� Careful use of correct gender terms.

σ� Jargon.

22. The final research report is NOT:

σ� Tangible evidence of a research project.

σ� A basis for decision-making.

σ� A research proposal

σ� Future secondary data

23. What is the name for a variable which is measured using 2 different values?

σ� Dichotomous

σ� Binomial

σ� Binary

σ� All answers

24. What helps to agree timing, agree resource allocation and also draws boundaries?

σ� The final report.

σ� The questionnaire.

σ� The proposal.

σ� The observation form.

25. What is an example of a subject variable?

σ� Sex

σ� Religion

σ� Race

σ� All of the these

26. A cross sectional study is carried out to examine whether Navy personnel of a higher rank have more positive coping skills than those of a lower rank. Which of the following statement is true of this study?

σ� Neither variable is dependent as the researcher cannot manipulate them.

σ� The independent variable is coping and the dependent variable is high rank.

σ� The independent variable is rank and the dependent variable is coping skills.

σ� The independent variable is coping and the dependent variable is low rank.

27. The concept of 'variables':

σ� has always been used in psychology.

σ� is derived from statistics.

σ� is derived from physics.

σ� is derived from biology.

28. Who introduced the theory of measurement and scales of measurement into psychology?

σ� Skinner

σ� Schlosberg

σ� Stanley

σ� Stevens

29. Which of the following are the most similar?

σ� Nominal, ratio, and interval data

σ� Ordinal, interval and ratio data

σ� Nominal and ratio data

σ� Nominal, ordinal and ratio data

30. What sort of data are post codes (zip codes)?

σ� Nominal

σ� Ordinal

σ� Interval

σ� Ratio

31. What sort of data is income?

σ� Nominal

σ� Interval

σ� Ordinal

σ� Ratio

32. What sort of variable is dress size?

σ� Ordinal

σ� Ratio

σ� Nominal

σ� Dependent

33. A mediator variable is:

σ� another name for the independent variable.

σ� responsible for the relationship between two other variables

σ� another name for the dependent variable.

σ� All Answers

34. Complete the following sentence. All else being equal, it is more likely results will be statistically significant if:

σ� you have a representative sample.

σ� you have a larger sample.

σ� you use random sampling.

σ� All of these

35. When is a single case experimental study the most useful?

σ� When studying behaviour change.

σ� When you are studying yourself.

σ� When research requires a substantial sample to be worthwhile or effective.

σ� When a participant has a rare condition.

36. The difference between a convenience sample and a representative sample is:

σ� a convenience sample limits the participants to the population of interest.

σ� the size - a representative sample is bigger.

σ� the availability - a convenience sample is easier for the researcher to approach.

σ� the convenience sampling selects participants randomly and a representative sample does not.

37. A study is conducted in which participants are recruited from local sixth form colleges in the north-east of the UK. The study takes place on a Tuesday so only those in college on that day take part. What sort of sample is this?

σ� A random sample.

σ� A representative sample.

σ� Convenience sample.

σ� None of these

38. Which of the following statements is true of the relationship between sample sizes and effect sizes?

σ� The effect size and sample size have no relationship.

σ� The bigger the difference, the bigger the sample size.

σ� Smaller effect sizes are more likely to be significant with smaller sample sizes.

σ� The bigger the effect, the bigger the sample size

39. Which is the most conservative significance level?

σ� They are all the same as they all show significance.

σ� .05

001

40. What is one difference between directional and non directional hypotheses?

σ� A non-directional hypothesis is more likely to be significant.

σ� A directional hypothesis is supported by weaker data than would be required for a non directional hypothesis

σ� A directional hypothesis can only be used if replicating research.

σ� A non directional hypothesis is more likely to be rejected.

41. A correlation of or around zero can be interpreted as which of the following?

σ� A curvilinear relationship is present.

σ� A linear relationship is present.

σ� No relationship is present.

σ� It could mean either no relationship or a curvilinear one.

42. Which of the following show the proportion of variance shared between two variables?

σ� Correlation

σ� Standard error.

σ� Co-efficient of determination.

σ� Attenuation.

43. Caution is applied to the application of labels to correlation because:

σ� labels are not numerical.

σ� they do not explain variance.

σ� we need to consider the context of the finding and the value of it.

σ� All of these

44. Projects do go wrong. In one case a student was indecisive and collected anything, just in case it came in useful: web sites, photocopies, brochures. The questionnaire even included irrelevant questions, just in case the information could be useful. Which ONE of the following would have been realistic and would have helped the most with this problem?Results

σ� Regular progress reports to the supervisor.

σ� Setting a clear objective.

σ� Using SPSS

σ� Using a Gantt chart.

σ� Being less ambitious.

45. Quantitative data refers to:

σ� Statistical analysis

σ� Any data you present in your report.

σ� Numerical data that could usefully be quantified to help your research question(s) and to meet your objectives

σ� Graphs and tables.

46. Computers are useful for quantitative data analysis because:

σ� They are fun to use

σ� They are so powerful

σ� They enable easy calculation for those of us not too good with figures.

σ� Increasingly data analysis software contain algorithms that check the data for obvious errors as it is entered.

47. Standard deviation is:

σ� A way of describing those phenomena that are not the norm.

σ� A way of illustrating crime statistics.

σ� Inappropriate in management and business research.

σ� A way of measuring the extent of spread of quantifiable data.

48. The way in which this significance is tested using both non parametric and parametric statistics can be thought of as answering one from a series of questions. Which one of the questions below is the odd one out?

σ� Does it look statistically significant on the face of it?

σ� Are the differences statistically significant?

σ� What is the strength of the relationship, and is it statistically significant?

σ� Are the predicted values statistically significant?

49. Testing the probability of a relationship between variables occurring by chance alone if there really was no difference in the population from which that sample was drawn is known as:

σ� Chi-squared tests.

σ� Multiple regression analysis.

σ� Correlation coefficients.

σ� Significance testing

50. Which one of these is not a way of measuring central tendency?

σ� Measuring the value that occurs most frequently (mode).

σ� Measuring the value, often known as the average, that includes all data values in its calculation (mean). Procedure

σ� Measuring the middle value or mid-point after the data have been ranked (median).

σ� Regression analysis.

1. The introductory section of a research report should aim to:

σ� Identify the specific focus of the study.

σ� Provide a rationale for the dissertation, or article.

σ� Article and Grab the reader's attention.

σ� All of the above

2. In general, the content of your results section should include the following elements:

σ� Introductory context for understanding the results by restating the research problem underpinning your study.

σ� Inclusion of non-textual elements, such as, figures, charts, photos, maps, tables

σ� A systematic description of your results, highlighting for the

σ� The page length of your results section is guided and use the past tense when referring to your results.

σ� All are corrects

3. What is the purpose of the conclusion in a research report?

σ� It just a summary what the article already said.

σ� It summarizes the key findings in relation to the research questions

σ� It contains a useful review of the relevant literature.

σ� It outlines the methodological procedures that were employed.

4. The purpose of social science research is:

σ� Academic

σ� Cultivation

σ� Experience

σ� Utilitarian

5. In discussion section you should write:

σ� Interpret and explain your results

σ� Answer your research question

σ� Justify your approach

σ� Critically evaluate your study

σ� All are corrects

6. 5.The Discussion section needs to follow from:

σ� Your results

σ� Relate back to your literature review.

σ� The existing knowledge about the subject.

σ� All are corrects

8. The first purpose of a survey is to:

σ� Description

σ� Evaluation

σ� Propagation

σ� Provide Information

9. The most critical areas of an article to read is:

σ� Results section

σ� Introduction

σ� Abstract

σ� Limitations

10. The purpose of a Results section is to:

σ� Present the key results of your research without

σ� Interpreting their meaning. It cannot be combined with the Discussion section unless

σ� The journal combines the Results and Discussion into one section.

σ� All are corrects

11. The results should be:

σ� Presented in an orderly sequence,

σ� Using an outline as a guide for writing

σ� Following the sequence of the Methods section upon which the results are based.

σ� All are corrects

13. The Results section is:

σ� A summary of the experimental outcome of the study

σ� Analyse the data.

σ� Write the discussion section

σ� Review the collected data

14. Writing the results section, try to:

σ� Make it as clear and understandable as possible

σ� Go from the simple finding to more complex

σ� Emphasize significant effect more than nonsignificant

σ� All are corrects

15. Which of the following is not a “Graphic representation”?:

σ� Pie Chart

σ� Bar Chart

σ� Table

σ� Histogram

16. Which of the following is NOT a function of referencing?:

σ� To demonstrate breadth of reading

σ� To attribute a quotation

σ� To ensure a sufficiently long reference list

σ� To justify your approach

17. Any numerical value calculated from sample data is called

σ� Error

σ� Statistic

σ� Bias

σ� Mean

18. Writing your discussion should be:

σ� Statement of your principal findings

σ� Strengths and limitations of your study

σ� In relation to other studies, discussing in particular any differences

σ� All are corrects

19. Statement of your principal findings for discussion:

σ� Do not repeat your results!

σ� Summarize the key findings in two or three sentences.

σ� Make generalizations with caution (Most subjects reported some kind of patient

σ� All are corrects

20. The purpose of the results section is

σ� To present the main data collected and the observations made during the research.

σ� It provides interpretation of the analysed data

σ� Does not contain details on the methods, materials or discussion.

σ� All are corrects

21. The first step in writing the results section is

σ� To review the analysed data

σ� Determine which results to present. This can be done by

σ� Deciding which results are relevant to the question(s) presented in the introduction,

σ� All are corrects

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