Laws and Ethics
Laws and Ethics Quiz
Test your knowledge on the key principles and ethical standards in the field of dental hygiene with this engaging quiz! Designed for both students and professionals, this quiz covers important topics such as autonomy, justice, and the importance of ethical codes in healthcare.
Key Features:
- Multiple-choice questions
- Focus on dental hygiene ethics
- Boost your understanding of health care laws
Veracity is being honest and telling the truth. Honesty on the part of patient and clinician allows the patient to use his or her autonomy to make decisions in his or her own best interest.
Both statements are true
Both statements are false.
The first statement is true, the second statement is false.
The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
Power and prestige is granted to the professions, because a code of ethics is a promise to society to uphold certain values and standards in the practice of the profession.
Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related
The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT
The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.
Society recognizes that health care providers are held to a higher standard than legislative mandate. These higher standards are expressed in professional codes of ethics and are enforced by the legal system.
Both statements are true
Both statements are false
The first statement is true, the second statement is false.
The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
Which of the practice models described by Ozar is considered most desirable?
Guild
Interactive
Commercial
Where was the first ethical code developed?
Assyria
Greece
Italy
United States
France
Which of the following is found as a core value in the American Dental Hygienists’ Association (ADHA) Code but are not found as fundamental principles in the American Dental Association (ADA) Code of Ethics?
Autonomy
Nonmaleficence and beneficence
Societal trust
Veracity
Ethical decision making is a behavior and can be done well or done poorly. It is inherent and is not taught or learned.
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false.
The first statement is true, the second statement is false
The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
How often must a dental hygiene program undergo a formal, on-site review by the accrediting body?
Every 10 years
Every 7 years
Every 3 years
Only once, when the program is first created
How can the American Dental Hygienists’ Association (ADHA) Code of Ethics for Dental Hygienists be amended?
If changes are approved by a majority of state dental hygiene associations.
If changes are approved at any meeting of the ADHA House of Delegates by a majority of the group.
The ADHA Code of Ethics for Dental Hygienists cannot be modified. It can only be replaced.
If changes are approved at any meeting of the ADHA House of Delegates by a two-thirds vote of the group.
Which of the following professional traits of the dental hygienist ensures that the patient should be confident that information given in written and verbal form is held in confidence and handled appropriately?
Caring and compassion
Reliability and responsibility
Maturity and self-analysis
Honesty and integrity
Each of the following is one of the main normative principles in health care EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
Nonmaleficence
Beneficence
Autonomy
Justice
Veracity
Which of the following terms is used to describe the allocation of resources in large social systems?
Autonomy
Distributive justice
Prima facie duty
Primum non nocere
Dental Hygienists are required to maintain their level of knowledge and skill through participation in which of the following?
Appropriate continuing education programs
Using top quality rather than inferior quality materials
Graduation from an accredited institution where dental hygiene is taught
Using standardized operating procedures
Paternalism was more prevalent in health care in the past because the health care provider had superior knowledge and skills and because the patient expected the health care provider to make decisions in the best interest of the patient.
Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related.
The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.
The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.
Defining basic dental care is a daunting task that challenges communities and the federal government. The goal of improving the health of the population is a societal greater good benefiting society at large.
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false.
The first statement is true, the second statement is false.
The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
Nonmaleficence is concerned with doing no harm to a patient. Beneficence requires that existing harm be removed.
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false.
The first statement is true, the second statement is false
The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
Ethical decision making is
Inherently understood by children.
Learned in curriculum in professional school.
Acquired through continuing education classes following the period of formal education.
Learned throughout a lifetime.
The goal of an ethical decision-making model is to
Provide a cookbook process for determining a solution to a problem.
Provide a framework for making the best decision in a particular situation.
Provide a matrix for determining the solution so the provider does not have to think about the situation.
Make a decision about right and wrong.
When was the inception of the profession of dental hygiene?
In ancient Greece
In the early 1800s
In the early 1900s
In 1979
Who was a proponent of utilitarianism?
Immanuel Kant
Plato
John Stuart Mill
Aristotle
Which of the following is the most critical step in the ethical decisionmaking model?
Apply the ethical principles to the options.
State the options.
Collect information.
Identify the ethical dilemma or problem.
When was the first Surgeon General’s Report on Oral Health published?
1850
1900
1950
2000
It is expected that racial and ethnic minority groups will constitute the emerging majority of the U.S. Population by
2030
2040
2050
2060
Disparities and inequalities in oral health care affect the most vulnerable populations. These groups cannot access care for financial reasons, but lack of access also can be caused by fear and complex psychosocial or cultural assumptions.
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false.
The first statement is true, the second statement is false
The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
The ethical awareness of an individual is called moral
Dilemma.
Distress.
Sensitivity.
Uncertainty.
Weakness.
Which of the following ethical values and concepts is thought to be in the most conflict with autonomy?
Paternalism
Veracity
Informed consent
Confidentiality
Which of the following principles is concerned with providing individuals or groups with what is owed, due, or deserved.
Justice
Autonomy
Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
It is the obligation of professionals to help regulate their profession, because the reputation of the profession and the well-being of the public ultimately rest on a willingness to engage in meaningful self-policing of the profession.
Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related.
The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT
The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct
NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.
Which of the following types of ethical theories is thought to be of the most influence in screening applicants for professional schools of health care?
Consequentialism
Nonconsequentialism
Virtue ethics
People operate on their experiences to make sense of them. The experiences, as we make sense of them, change the basic conceptual structures by which people construct meanings.
Both statements are true
Both statements are false
The first statement is true, the second statement is false.
The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
Which of the types of moral problems categorized by Campbell and Rogers exists when obligations or responsibilities are in conflict?
Moral uncertainty
Moral dilemma
Moral weakness
Moral distress
The dental hygienist who suspects child abuse should place the welfare of the child over the autonomy of the parent. The stronger duty in this instance is the good of the child, not the right of the parent.
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false.
The first statement is true, the second statement is false.
The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
Which of the following is the first step in the ethical decision-making model presented in the text?
State the options.
Identify the ethical dilemma or problem.
Apply the ethical principles to the options.
Collect information.
Brainstorming to identify as many alternatives or options as possible is part of which of the following steps of the ethical decision-making model?
Collect information.
State the options.
Implement the decision
Apply the ethical principles to the options
Which of the following models or professionalism presents dentistry as an all-knowing profession?
Commercial
Guild
Interactive
The principle that the first obligation of a health care provider is to do no harm is known as which of the following?
Integrity
Justice
Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
Which of the following steps of the ethical decision-making model is characterized by developing a list of pros and cons?
Apply the ethical principles to the options.
Collect information
State the options.
Identify the ethical dilemma or problem.
Moral development is thought to be a process, because moral development has been shown to typically occur in progressive steps or stages.
Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related.
The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.
The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct
Which of the following is an ethical principle that focuses on the individual rather than society?
Stewardship
Justice
Autonomy
Caring
According to Kant, helping an elderly person cross the street is (a/an)
Categorical imperative.
Perfect duty.
Imperfect duty.
Moral obligation.
Universal law.
The provision of dental care is applied equally in the United States. People who present for treatment are granted access based on their dental needs
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false.
The first statement is true, the second statement is false.
The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
A health care provider may not always be able to avoid harm, because causing some degree of harm when that harm will lead to a greater good may be necessary.
Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related.
The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT
The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.
Which of the following statements about codes of ethics is most accurate?
It is easy to determine the degree to which codes of ethics are effective.
It is reasonable to assume that the professions find codes of ethics to be extremely valuable.
The professions cannot do anything about it if someone does not behave with integrity.
There is no way to judge acceptable parameters of behavior according to a code of ethics.
A code of ethics is one of the essential characteristics of a true profession. It is a guideline for members of a professional group used for selfregulation of the group.
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false
The first statement is true, the second statement is false.
The first statement is false, the second statement is true
Which of the following ethical theories regards an action as right when it conforms to a principle or rule of conduct that meets a requirement of some overriding duty?
Consequentialism
Nonconsequentialism
Virtue ethics
Deontology
A practitioner must provide the treatment chosen by a patient even if he or she does not agree with it, because the patient has a right to choose based on the principle of autonomy.
Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related.
The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT
The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.
It is illegal for a dentist to report suspected child abuse to authorities because it is a violation of confidentiality.
Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related.
The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.
The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correc
NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.
Immanuel Kant is associated with which of the following theories of ethical thinking?
Virtue ethics
Consequentialism
Nonconsequentialism
None of the above
An ethical dilemma occurs when one or more ethical principles
Are in conflict.
Are involved.
Are additive with one another.
Cancel each other out.
The practice of dental hygiene is regulated through which of the following branches of state government?
Legislative, executive, and judicial
Legislative and executive, but not judicial
Legislative and judicial, but not executive
Executive and judicial, but not legislative
Legislative only
The practice of dental hygiene is a wonderful opportunity for a dental hygienist to try out experimental medications, because trying untested medications on patients can prove or disprove their effectiveness.
Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related.
The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.
The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.
Which of the following is a term used to describe a philosophy of risk identification and system of injury prevention?
Risk management
Fiduciary relationship
Virtue
Deontology
Who decides questions of law in a trial?
Judges
Prosecuting attorney
Plaintiff
Defendant
The elements of informed consent require the dental hygienist to inform that patient of the risks, consequences, and anticipated results of the proposed treatment and alternative feasible treatments. The consequences of accepting no treatment should be discussed as well.
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false.
The first statement is true, the second statement is false.
The first statement is false, the second statement is true
According to the Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1993, an employer must grant an eligible employee up to how many weeks of unpaid leave during a 12-month period for a qualifying reason?
4 weeks
8 weeks
12 weeks
16 weeks
20 weeks
Which of the following provisions provides relief for employees who are injured while acting in the course of their employment?
State workers’ compensation programs
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
Sexual harassment violates which of the following federal regulations?
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
Equal Pay Act of 1963
Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994
How often should a dental hygienist review the applicable State Dental Practice Act?
When first graduating from an accredited dental hygiene program.
When first applying for a license in the state where he or she intends to practice dental hygiene.
Once every 3 years
On a yearly basis.
It is not necessary once a student has graduated from an accredited dental hygiene program.
Patients have a legal right to their original dental records. The dental office has the legal right to refuse to transfer those records if the patient has not paid his or her bill.
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false
The first statement is true, the second statement is false.
The first statement is false, the second statement is true
Many federal and state employment laws are designed to protect the interests of
Both employees and employers.
Employees but not employers
Employers but not employees.
Neither employees nor employers
Documentation in the dental record as part of the provision of oral health care services is important to protect
Both the patient and the oral health care provider.
The patient but not the oral health care provider.
The oral health care provider but not the patient
Neither the patient nor the oral health care provider.
Dental office documentation includes which of the following in addition to written entries?
Radiographs, models, and photographs.
Radiographs and models but not photographs.
Radiographs and photographs but not models.
Radiographs but neither models nor photographs.
Dental office documentation does not include any of these in addition to written entries.
A civil wrong that results from breach of a legal duty that exists by virtue of society’s expectations of performance is called a(n)
Assault
Battery.
Tort.
Sanction.
A hostile environment occurs when any type of unwelcome sexual behavior creates an offensive or hostile environment. The harassment must result in tangible or economic job consequences, such as the loss of pay or promotion opportunities.
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false.
The first statement is true, the second statement is false.
The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
The establishment of guilt in a criminal case requires a high level of certainty known as
Beyond a reasonable doubt.
Preponderance of evidence
Fiduciary relationship
Binding arbitration.
A condition of dental hygiene licensure generally is graduation from a dental hygiene program accredited by which of the following organizations?
The Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) of the American Dental Association
The Food and Drug Administration
The Federal Trade Commissio
The National Institutes of Health
The purpose of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is to
Support the digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) standard for exchange of information between health care providers.
Protect the patient’s right to privacy.
Help in the transmission of electronic dental claims forms through a clearinghouse.
Make certain that the electronic records of members of the armed forces follow them if they are transferred to another location.
A dental hygienist generally is required to display a current copy of which of the following at his or her place of practice?
Dental hygiene board examination results
State license to practice dental hygiene
Certificate or diploma from the school of graduation
Dental hygiene course grades
An employer is not required to maintain the insurance benefits provided as a part of the employment relationship during an approved Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) leave. Upon return to employment, an employee is required to be restored to his or her original position or to an equivalent position with equal pay, benefits, and other terms and conditions of employment.
Both statements are true
Both statements are false.
The first statement is true, the second statement is false
The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
Dental hygienists must be familiar with the laws that deal specifically with dental hygiene as well as the general laws that protect the well-being of the state’s citizens because the statutes that regulate the health professions are not all encompassing
Both the statement and reason are correct and related
Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related.
The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.
The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.
The dental hygienist–patient relationship is a critical factor in the delivery of quality dental hygiene care. The dental hygienist–patient relationship is a two-party association that can only achieve its fullest potential with the committed participation of each of the parties.
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false
The first statement is true, the second statement is false.
The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
Each of the following is true of an intentional tort EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
No intent to cause harm
A deliberate and purposeful act
Relates to persons and to property
Misrepresentation
When a patient agrees to cooperate in oral health care and arrange for appropriate payment in exchange for the delivery of services, the courts view the relationship in terms of a contract called a
Null and void relationship
Fiduciary relationship
Barter or trade of goods relationship
Quid pro quo relationship
A quality improvement program should include three dimensions of health care delivery, which are
Background, delivery, and outcome
Skills, application, and evaluation.
Structure, process, and outcome.
Methodology, process, and recapitulation.
Structure, application, and evaluation.
Which of the following is a question that may legally be asked during the interview process?
How many children do you have and how old are they?
What is your native language?
What languages can you speak?
Do you practice a religion?
Which of the following is the recommended method to encourage completion of patient satisfaction surveys?
Refuse to schedule another appointment unless the satisfaction survey has been completed.
Mail multiple copies until the patient complies by completing the survey.
Call the patient to request that the survey be completed by a particular date.
Compensate the patient with an incentive, such as oral health care products.
Which of the following is considered to be an expanded function rather than a basic function for a dental hygienist?
Application of pit and fissure sealant
Exposing oral radiographs
Administration of an injectable local anesthetic
Application of topical fluoride
The practice of dental hygiene without a valid license is a
Criminal offense that may be categorized as a felony.
Criminal offense that may be categorized as a misdemeanor but not as a felony.
Civil offense that may be categorized as a felony.
Civil offense that may be categorized as a misdemeanor but not as a felony
Which of the following is an example of an unintentional tort rather than an intentional tort?
Allowing a dental assistant to work as a dental hygienist
Failure to inform a patient of the severity of his or her periodontal treatment needs
Slander or libel resulting in defamation
Slapping a child to punish him or her for difficult behavior
Which of the following is the proper correction to make if an error is made during an entry in a written chart?
Use a whitening product to cover the erroneous entry and write over it
Completely ink over the incorrect entry so it is impossible for another person to read it and the person becomes confused about the entry.
Draw a single line through the entry, followed by a note that an error was made.
Throw away the page with an erroneous entry and restart with a clean sheet.
The practice of dental hygiene is different in each state, because it is not nationally regulated.
Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related.
The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT.
The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.
Good risk management practice may call for keeping a dental record beyond the mandated retention date because dental records are the best defense in any legal action.
Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related.
The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT
The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 applies to employers with how many employees?
Just 1. Any employer must comply with this Act.
Five or more employees.
Fifteen or more employees
Fifty or more employees.
Which of the following government regulations most specifically controls the practice of dental hygiene?
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Equal Pay Act of 1963
Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
State Dental Practice Act
Which of the following is the correct name for the party bringing a claim in a civil proceeding and in a criminal proceeding respectively?
Complainant; prosecutor
Plaintiff; prosecutor
Prosecutor; plaintiff
Plaintiff; complainant
Aggressor; defendant
If the practitioner smells alcohol on a patient’s breath and suspects that the patient is drunk, the
Patient should be described in objective terms according to the conditions observed.
Patient should be asked directly if he or she is drunk.
Clinician should state the obvious in the patient chart and say that the patient was drunk.
Clinician should not make any mention of it in the patient’s chart.
Which of the following is a federal law that protects against discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin?
Equal Pay Act of 1963
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
Each of the following interview questions is not permitted EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
How old are you? (to someone who appears to be in his or her 40s)
Are you Hispanic or from the Middle East?
Have you ever been arrested?
Have you ever been convicted of a crime?
How long have you been married?
Which of the following branches of state government is authorized to enact laws or statutes that prescribe or prohibit activities within the state?
Legislative branch
Executive branch
Judicial branch
Municipal
Patients have the right to obtain their original records. Records must be provided free of charge.
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false.
The first statement is true, the second statement is false
The first statement is false, the second statement is true
Eliminating a high-risk procedure from the scope of practice is not always possible or desirable. In such cases a risk management strategy should be implemented to control the risk.
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false.
The first statement is true, the second statement is false.
The first statement is false, the second statement is true
Which of the following types of dental hygiene license may be granted on the basis of examination or endorsement of credentials? Such a license permits unrestricted practice within the scope of the State Dental Practice Act
Full License
Temporary license
Volunteer license
Faculty license
Which of the following are the two major categories of civil law?
Intentional tort and unintentional tort law
Contract law and tort law
Implied contract law and explicit contract law
Assault and battery law
Which of the following branches of government is responsible for enactment of the State Dental Practice Act?
The federal legislative branch in all cases
The federal judicial branch in all cases
The state legislative branch in all cases
The state legislative branch in most cases
The state judicial branch in all cases
Each of the following is an example of an issue that may be regulated by state laws but may not be specifically incorporated into the State Dental Practice Act EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
False health care claims
Consent to treatment and informed consent
Continuing education requirements
Biomedical wastes and hazards management
Mandatory malpractice insurance
At-will employment means that
Termination of employment can legally occur without notice.
Termination of employment requires 2 weeks’ notice.
Termination of employment requires 4 weeks’ notice.
The employment has a definite duration.
If a dental hygienist is unable to meet a patient’s expressed expectations, the patient must
Demand that the dental hygienist meet those expectations.
Understand but not accept the limitation.
Either accept the limitation and alter the expectations or seek care from a different provider who is able to meet the expectations.e
Cease to seek care.
Commonly understood acronyms should be used in the dental record so that all members of the dental office staff are familiar with the meaning of the term. Unusual or creative shorthand is encouraged as this may help ensure patient confidentiality
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false.
The first statement is true, the second statement is false
The first statement is false, the second statement is true
Quid pro quo means
Captain of the ship.
Something for something.
At first glance.
The meaning is obvious.
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