Bio midterm
Bio Midterm Quiz
Test your knowledge of biology concepts with our comprehensive Bio Midterm Quiz! This quiz covers a range of topics related to biomolecules, genetics, and cellular structures. Ideal for students preparing for exams or anyone interested in refreshing their biology knowledge.
Key Features:
- 50 multiple-choice questions
- Instant feedback on answers
- Diverse topics from biochemistry to cell biology
Which of the molecules/structures below is the structural polysaccharide associated with the arthropods?
Glycogen
Microtubules
Chitin
Starch
Cellulose
During transcription, which side of the DNA is read and transcribed?
The template strand only
This is a trick question, it is the mRNA that is transcribed not the DNA
Both the template and the complementary strand are copied
The complementary strand only
What best describes the three main components of an amino acid?
A pentose sugar, a carboxyl group, and a specific R group
An amino group, a carboxyl group, and a specific R group
An amino group, a carboxyl group, and a pentose sugar
A specific R group, a phosphate group, and a carboxyl group
Below is a sequence of DNA. What would the appropriate code of the tRNA generated from this look like? C T C G A A
G A G C U U
C T C G A A
C U C G A A
G A G C T T
Sugar and carbohydrates are used for...
Structure
Energy
Energy and structure
As enzymes
Which of the following is not a protein
Keratin
Testosterone
Insulin
Collagen
Lactase
The monomers that make up carbohydrate are:
Amino Acids
Monosaccharides
Fatty Acids
Nucleotide bases
Which of the following structure is most associated with protein synthesis and transportation?
Ribosomes
Cholorplasts
Golgi apparatus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endomembrane system
The Nucleus
Mitochondria
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
A large polymer is broken down into 50 individual monomers, what is this process called?
Condensation
Hydrolysis
Polymonerisation
Peptidisation
A large polymer is broken down into its 50 individual monomers, what would happen with regard water molecules
50 water molecules would be produced
50 water molecules would be consumed
49 water molecules would be produced
49 water molecules would be consumes
51 water molecules would be produced
51 water molecules would be consumed
Which of the following Is true about saturated fats?
All the carbon atoms are saturated and hydrogens, there are no double bonds between the carbons.
This is the type of fat found in meat and coconut oil.
Because of the bond angles in the carbon, these molecules can form compact shapes allowing them to remain solid at room tempurature
Too much saturated fats in a persons diets is often associated with heart disease.
All of the above
None of the above
What happens during the Calvin cycle?
Carbon fixation: CO2 is "fixed" to form energy rich molecules
Using the power of the sun, water molecules are broken down to generate chemical bong energy in the form of ATP and NADPH
DNA is synthesised
The Pyruvic Acid is processed to produce chemical energy
Glucose is broken down into 2 Pyruvic Acids
What sequence of the amino acids would the strip of DNA below code for? C T C G A A
Glu, His
Glu, Leu
His, Glu
Leu, Glu
You chemically analyze a nucleic acid and discover that 30% of it is composed of Uracil, what sugar would you expect to find?
Glucose
Deoxyribose
I wouldn't expect to find any sugar, this is a nucleic acid
Ribose
What is the relationship between the molecules Glucose and Fructose
They are both monosaccharides but otherwise are completely different
They are the same molecule
They are structural isomers
They are stereoisomers
Which of the following organs is associated with glycogen storage?
Liver
Kidney
Brain
Heart
Lung
What is meant by the term "an essential amino acid"?
Although there are potentially hundreds of amino acids in nature, only 20 are used to make our proteins, these are called the "essential amino acids"
It is an amino acid that can not be made by the body and must therefore be acquired through your diet.
These amino acids are the backbone of all proteins and therefore essential
It is one of the 9 amino acids that is used in every protein and it therefore essential to building all proteins
On the molecule below, which part of it will be hydrophilic?
Both sides (A&B) are hydrophilic
No part of this molecule is hydrophilic
The A-side is hydrophilic
The B-side is hydrophilic
All hormones are made of steroids
True
False
Which enzyme is responsible for laying down the RNA primer at the start of DNA replication?
Single-strand binding protein
Primase
DNA Polymerase III
Helicase
RNA Polymerase III
RNA Polymerase I
Okazaki Fragment
DNA Polymerase I
During DNA synthesis, what Is the name of the DNA fragments created on the continuous strand?
This is a trick question, there are no fragments on the continuous strand, that would be the discontinuous strand.
Lagging Fragments
DNA polymerase III Fragments
Okazaki Fragments
DNA polymerase Fragments
Small ions such as Na, K, Cl, or Ca can not cross the cell membrane through simple diffusion
True
False
Which of the following structures is most associated with detoxification?
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Ribosomes
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
The Nucleus
Chloroplasts
Endomembrane System
Motichondria
What is panspermia
It is a hypothesis that life on earth was created by martians
It is the meiotic process that leads to the formation of sperm
It is the idea that all life started as cells
It is a hypothesis that states that life on earth originally evolved elsewhere in the solar system and then later colonized earth, probably through a meteorite impact
It is a philosophical answer to the ultimate question of life and is 42
Complete the following reaction: ADP+Energy+?________?= ATP
P
ATP
H2O
Energy
Light
A red blood cell is placed into a hypotonic solution. What would happen?
The cell would shrivel and shrink
Nothing would happen to the cell
The cell would swell and enlarge as water flooded into it
A proteins secondary structure is....
Protein structure consisting of more than one peptide chain
Three-dimentional folding pattern of a protein due to side chain
Local folding of a polypeptide chain into helices and sheets
The specific sequence of a chain of amino acids
Identify the molecule labeled C
It is a protein
It is a monosaccharide
It is an amino acid
It is a phospholipid
It is a steroid
It is a triglyceride
It is a nucleotide base
What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane
It is important for making the cell membrane more ridgid
It is the main constituent of the bilayer that makes the cell membrane
Is important as a receptor site for hormones
There is no cholesterol in the cell membrane. Cholesterol is a fat associated with heart disease and should be avoided
Helps stabilize the membrane and prevents it from becoming too rigid
Which of the structures below is the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
In science workers seek out counterexamples or findings that appear to be inconsistent with accepted theories.
True
False
If a woman has a defective BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene, what does this mean for her chances of developing breast cancer?
The woman is guaranteed NOT to get breast cancer
The woman is much less likely to get breast cancer
The woman is guaranteed to get breast cancer
The woman is a greater risk of breast cancer
Which of the structures below is the mitochondria
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Which of the following is true about lactose intolerance?
The frequency of a lactose intolerant in people is approximately the same all around the world
Lactose intolerance is caused by an allergic reaction to a specific type of sugar found in milk
According to the International Panel of Climate Chance (IPCC), they recommend people reduce dairy consumption because lactose intolerance is resulting in large quantities of methane production from all the people farting and burping
Lactose intolerance is the result of the victim lacking the appropriate enzyme to break down the lactose sugar
Lactose intolerance does not really exist, it is a psychosomatic disease linked to a fear of cows
Which of the options below is true about mRNA mutation
The introns are cut out, and a 5' cap and 3' tail is added
The exons are cut out and a 5' cap and 5' tall is added
The introns are cut out and a 5' tail and 3' cap is added
The exons are cut out and a 5' cap and 3' tail is added
The introns are cut out and a 3' tail and 5' can is added
Where does transcription occur
In the cell nucleus
In the rough ER
With the ribosomes
In the cytoplasm
In the cell nucleolus
During translation, the ribosome reads the mRNA in which direction?
It travels from the 5' end to the 3' end
It goes in both directions
This is a trick question, ribosomes are not involved in translation, it is RNA polymerase
It travels from the 3' end to the 5' end
What stage of respiration does not require oxygen to function?
Glycolysis
Calvin cycle
Electron Transport chain
Kerb's cycle
What is the nucleolus?
The organelle that is responsible for energy production
A dark spot at the centre of the nucleus that houses the DNA
The organelle at the centre of the cell that houses the DNA
A dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that is associated with ribosome assembly
What is the correct sequence for the process of aerobic respiration?
Glycolysis, Calvin cycle, Electron transport chain
Kerb's cycle, Glycolysis, Electron transport chain
Calvin cycle, Kerb's cycle, Electron transport chain
Electron transport chain, Kerb's cycle, Glycolysis
Glycolysis, Kerb's Cycle, Electron transport chain
Which of the following structures is most associated with photosynthesis?
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endomembrane System
The nucleus
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Chloroplasts
Identify the molecule labeled B
It is a triglyceride
It is a phospholipid
It is an amino acid
It is a nucleotide base
It is a protein
It is a steroid
It is a monosaccharide
After the RNA primer is put in place, which enzyme comes along to start laying down the DNA
RNA polymerase I
Helices
Okazaki fragment
Single-strand binding protein
RNA Polymerase III
Primase
DNA polymerase III
DNA polymerase I
What is an allele
An allele is an outward expression of a gene
An allele is just another name for a particular trait, such as eye colour or flower colour
An allele is a recessive trait
An allele is a dominant trait
An allele is an alternate version of a gene
What is the correct sequence of a protein synthesis
Translation, mRNA Maturation, Transcription
Transcription, Translation, mRNA Maturation
MRNA Maturation, Transcription, Translation
Transcription, mRNA Maturation, Translation
A secretory vesicle leaves the Golgi body from which side?
Always from the left side
In the 3' direction
In the 5' direction
Always from the right side
The trans face
The cis face
In science the primary goal is to confirm your hypothesis thereby strengthening the evidence for your theory
True
False
During DNA replication, the new nucleotides are added in which direction?
They can only be added on the 5' end, therefore the direction of replication is said to be 3' to 5'
They can only be added on the 3' end, therefore the direction of replication is said to be 5' to 3'
The direction of replication depends on whether it is a DNA polymerase I or III is involved
DNA replication can occur on either side and in both directions
What best describes the molecule below?
Saturated fatty acid
Phospholipid
Unsaturated fat
Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Neutral fat
Which of the following is not cell theory?
All cells are produced from other cells
All cells must sexually reproduce to be alive
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
All living things are composed of cells
Which of the structures below are the centrioles (MTOC: microtubule organizing center)
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Most monosaccharides are how many carbons long?
1-7 carbons
1-6 carbons
3-7 carbons
There is no general number, monosaccharides are often 100s of carbons in lengths
1-12 carbons long
50 monomers join together into a polymer. What is this process called?
Pepidsation
Hydrolysis
Condensation
Polymonerisation
Under starvation conditions, your body can digest its own proteins for energy.
True
False
A molecule is:
Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
A substance composed of lots of other stops of all the same type
The smallest fundamental unit to possess the properties of a substance
The basic fundamental unit of matter, made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons
The monomers that make up carbohydrates are:
Fatty Acids
Nucleotide Bases
Monosaccharides
Amino Acids
What is the best way to express the chemical formula for carbohydrates
C6H12O6
C58H116O3
(C1H2O1)x
C3-7H6-14O3-7
C1H2
Which of the molecules below is energy storage polysaccharide associated with animals?
Chitin
Cellulose
Microtubules
Glycogen
Starch
When someone is carb- loading before a major endurance event, what are they trying to do?
None of these answers are correct
Eating as much protein to repair damaged tissue before the event
Expanding all the glycogen from the muscles and liver so as to prevent cramping during the race
Eating as much fatty foods to maximize the energy available for the event
Maximize the available glycogen in their muscles and liver
After making observations and then developing interesting questions, the next step in the scientific process is:
Develop testable predictions
Develop general theory
Formulate a hypothesis
Refine or reject your hypothesis
Gather data
Scientific explanations should be somewhat vague so as to leave room for other researches to develop theory further. Being too precise in an explanation is typically a bad thing.
True
False
The bond between two amino acids is called what?
Primary structure bond
An amino bond
A peptoglycan bond
A peptide bond
A r-group interactive bond
Which of the following is NOT unique to a plant cell?
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Central Vacuole
Cell wall
Which of the structures below is the Golgi body
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Which of the following can transport material across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient?
Active Transport
Facilitated diffusion
Simple Diffusion
Which of the following structures is most associated with modifying and then packaging products for shipment around or out of the cell?
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Endomembrane system
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Ribosomes
The Nucleus
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
The lining of your airways is covered with lots of tiny little hair-like filaments to help trap dust and bacteria and move the mucous out of your lungs. These little structures are:
Tracheal Fur
Cilia
Flagella
Actin Filaments
Lung hair
What is a chromatin
It is a pigment associated with respiration
Uncoiled DNA
It is another name for nucleolus
A natural pigment found in the cells membrane that allows photosynthesis to occur
Which of the following is not part of the cytoskeleton?
Actin filaments
Intermediate filaments
Endomembrane system
Microtubules
A person drinks a large glass of milk of magnesia, a drink very high in magnesium salts. This passes through the intestinal tract and creates hypertonic concentration in the colon. This would result in what happening?
The high concentration of salts would be absorbed by the large intestine resulting in an increased heart rate causing hyperventilation
This would result in a large amount of water being pulled out of the body and into the colon, resulting in very loose, watery stool. That is why this is used as treatment for constipation.
This would result in any water in the colon being pulled into the body and would result in dry stool (poop). This is used as a cure for diarrhea.
The salts are not absorbed and are passed harmlessly through the body. Water absorption in our body is not regulated by osmotic concentration.
What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane
It is important for making the cell membrane more ridgid
There is no cholesterol in the cell membrane. Cholesterol is a fat associated with heart disease and should be avoided.
It is the main constituent of the bilayer that makes the cell membrane
Helps stabilize the membrane and prevents it from becoming too rigid
Is important as a receptor site for hormones
Which of the structures below is the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
When telling the orientation of the DNA molecule, we refer to the number of carbons around the pentose sugar. Which of the numbering systems below is correct?
A
B
C
D
Which of the following is not likely to cause a mutation of your DNA?
GMO crops
Sun tanning
Cigarette smoke
Nitrate and Nitrate found in preserved meats
Acne treatment like Benzoyl peroxide
Which is true about the term genotype
The genotype is the outward expression of the genetic make up of the chromosomes
The genotype is the organisms genetic make-up
Genotype is just another term for phenotype
Genotype is an alternate version of a particular trait
Where does transcription occur?
In the rough ER
In the cell nucleolus
In the cells nucleus
In the cytoplasm
With the ribosomes
What are the best names for the two processes involved in photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis and Respiration
The light and dark independent reaction
The light dependent and the light independent reaction
The Kerbs and the Calvin cycles
The light and dark reaction
How many amino acids would this strip of DNA be code for? C T C G A A T A A G C C
3
2
4
1
Generally the more "advanced" organism the more DNA we can expect to see in its genome
True
False
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