Classic Cases Review

What are the three phases of drug metabolism

If a drug has a half life of 1 hour, and a concentration of 60/mmol, how long will it take for the drug to be outside of its therapeutic index of 10-100/mmol

LD50 is a measurement of the amount of substance needed to harm 50% of a test population

Patient presents as confused and somnulent. Pupils are pinpoint, heart rate is 45, and continual suctioning is needed to maintain the airway. Which substance was this patient most likely exposed to?

Sympathomimetic and anticholinergic toxidromes are very similar, except for:

Betablocker overdose may present with A1 effets, causing vasodialtion

Betablocker overdose may present with hypoglycemia

CliniCall consult is not required prior to the administration of calcium chloride while managing a known calcium channel blocker overdose

Which of the following is not an effect of a TCA overdose

What is the treatment for ehylene glycol ingestion?

Anion gap is a measurement of the difference in sum between positive and negative ions in the body. These include all of the below except

Toxic alcohol consumption leads to renal failure and long term effects and recovery. The initial two stages of symptoms are

Which of the following is not a risk factor for drowning?

What are the most important factors in determining outcomes of a drowning? (Pick 3)

A patient is pulled out of a freshwater lake after being last seen 15 minutes ago. Pulses present, not breathing. Patient begings breathing after 30 seconds of PPV, and starts coughing, returning to normal funtioning withing 10 minutes, and does not want to go to hospital. Which of the following are not a risk associated with the pathophysiological changes from a drowning event?

What is the main cause of portal hypertension?

Your male patient presents with left lower quadrant pain and fever, their most likely differential diagnosis is:

Transfusion of choice in burn patients

The phases of primary hemostasis:

The common pathway is where the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways meet?

Potassium plays an integral role in the clotting cascade?

This cascade starts because of platelet damage:

Mechanisms of hemostasis:

The functions of blood:

The phases of hematopoiesis:

RBCs make up this much of the bloods volume:

Select the granulocytes:

Nicotinic effects of organophosphates

Muscarinic effects of organophosphates include:

Caustic alkali ingestion does not cause liquefaction necrosis?

When managing an organophosphate exposure:

This colourless gas inhibits the electron transport chain to carry out its normal functions, causing a leftward shift on the oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve.

Methanol is metabolized to form formic acid?

ECG changes in TCA toxicity:

The 7 receptors involved in TCA toxicity:

Types of TCAs

The phases of drug metabolization are modification, conjugation, and continued modification with excretion.

Anticholinergic toxicity signs and symptoms.

Anticholinergics increase acetylcholine at the synaptic cleft.

Cholinergics inhibit acetylcholine leaving the sympathetic nervous system unopposed.

If your patient had ingested a toxic level of ASA, what signs and symptoms would you expect?

Beta blocker drugs have the suffix:

Dihydropyridines are used as vasodilators and have limited cardiac effect?

Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers:

Hepatitis A usually appears 2-6 weeks after infection, is transmitted by blood and is self limiting.

Hepatitis D infection requires prior infection with HBV?

Bowel obstructions can only occur in the colon?

Chronic ETOH use is the most common cause of:

The goals of care in hyperkalemia

In hyperkalemia salbutamol stimulates the beta Adrenergic receptors of the sodium potassium pump, which shits potassium intracellularly.

Angiotensin II receptor blockers have the suffix:

Select the potassium sparing diuretics:

The potassium gradient is the most important factor in establishing the cardiac membrane potential?

Azotemia means a low blood urea nitrogen (BUN)?

Post renal failure is the most common form of renal failure?

The most common cause of acute renal failure:

Risk factors for developing renal colic:

The main cause of maternal morbidity and mortality.

Fundal massage can be used for postpartum hemorrhage management while the placenta has yet to deliver.

Causes of postpartum hemorrhage:

Postpartum bleeding up to 500mL is expected/normal.

APGAR stands for

Delayed cord clamping can increase baby blood volume by:

Placenta abruptio is premature painless separation of all or part of the placenta from the uterine wall.

Preeclampsia risk factors

Risk factors for placenta abruptio:

Placenta accrete is when the placenta invades the myometrium and becomes inseparable from the uterine wall.

Risk factors from placenta previa:

Most common causes of hemorrhage during pregnancy.

Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy:

The leading cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester is caused by:

Cytokines include:

The adaptive immune system has a quick response with T and B cells.

Mechanism of action of glucagon in anaphylaxis