TILLERY: PHYSICAL SCIENCE-CHAPTER 4 (HEAT & TEMPERATURE)
1. The Fahrenheit thermometer scale is
A. More accurate than the Celsius scale.
B. Less accurate than the Celsius scale.
C. Sometimes more or less accurate, depending on the air temperature.
D. No more accurate than the Celsius scale.
2. On the Celsius temperature scale
A. Zero means there is no temperature.
B. 80° is twice as hot as 40°.
C. The numbers relate to the boiling and freezing of water.
D. There are more degrees than on the Fahrenheit scale.
3. Internal energy refers to the
A. Translational kinetic energy of gas molecules.
B. Total potential and kinetic energy of the molecules.
C. Total vibrational, rotational, and translational kinetic energy of molecules.
D. Average of all types of kinetic energy of the gas molecules.
4. External energy refers to the
A. Energy that changed the speed of an object.
B. Energy of all the molecules making up an object.
C. Total potential energy and kinetic energy of an object that you can measure directly.
D. Energy from an extraterrestrial source.
5. Heat is the
A. Total internal energy of an object.
B. Average kinetic energy of molecules.
C. Measure of potential energy of molecules.
D. Same thing as a very high temperature.
6. The specific heat of copper is 0.093 cal/gC°, and the specific heat of aluminum is 0.22 cal/gC°. The same amount of energy applied to equal masses, say, 50.0 g of copper and aluminum, will result in
A. A higher temperature for copper.
B. A higher temperature for aluminum.
C. The same temperature for each metal.
D. Unknown results.
7. The specific heat of water is 1.00 cal/gC°, and the specific heat of ice is 0.500 cal/gC°. The same amount of energy applied to equal masses, say, 50.0 g of water and ice, will result in (assume the ice does not melt)
A. A greater temperature increase for the water.
B. A greater temperature increase for the ice.
C. The same temperature increase for each.
D. Unknown results.
8. The transfer of heat that takes place by the movement of groups of molecules with higher kinetic energy is
A. conduction.
B. convection.
C. radiation.
D. sublimation.
9. The transfer of heat that takes place by energy moving through space is
A. conduction.
B. convection.
C. radiation.
D. sublimation.
10. The transfer of heat that takes place directly from molecule to molecule is
A. conduction.
B. convection.
C. radiation.
D. sublimation.
11. The evaporation of water cools the surroundings, and the condensation of this vapor
A. Does nothing.
B. Warms the surroundings.
C. Increases the value of the latent heat of vaporization.
D. Decreases the value of the latent heat of vaporization.
12. The heat involved in the change of phase from solid ice to liquid water is called
A. Latent heat of vaporization.
B. Latent heat of fusion.
C. Latent heat of condensation.
D. None of the above.
13. The energy supplied to a system in the form of heat, minus the work done by the system, is equal to the change in internal energy. This statement describes the
A. First law of thermodynamics.
B. Second law of thermodynamics.
C. Third law of thermodynamics.
14. If you want to move heat from a region of cooler temperature to a region of warmer temperature, you must supply energy. This is described by the
A. First law of thermodynamics.
B. Second law of thermodynamics.
C. Third law of thermodynamics.
15. More molecules are returning to the liquid state than are leaving the liquid state. This process is called
A. boiling.
B. freezing.
C. condensation.
D. melting.
16. The temperature of a gas is proportional to the
A. Average velocity of the gas molecules.
B. Internal potential energy of the gas.
C. Number of gas molecules in a sample.
D. Average kinetic energy of the gas molecules.
17. The temperature known as room temperature is nearest to
A. 0°C.
B. 20°C.
C. 60°C.
D. 100°C.
18. Using the Kelvin temperature scale, the freezing point of water is correctly written as
A. 0 K.
B. 0°K.
C. 273 K.
D. 273°K.
19. The specific heat of soil is 0.20 kcal/kgC°, and the specific heat of water is 1.00 kcal/kgC°. This means that if 1 kg of soil and 1 kg of water each receives 1 kcal of energy, ideally,
A. The water will be warmer than the soil by 0.8°C.
B. The soil will be 4°C warmer than the water.
C. The soil will be 5°C warmer than the water.
D. The water will warm by 1°C, and the soil will warm by 0.2°C.
20. Styrofoam is a good insulating material because
A. It is a plastic material that conducts heat poorly.
B. It contains many tiny pockets of air.
C. Of the structure of the molecules that make it up.
D. It is not very dense.
21. The transfer of heat that takes place because of density difference in fluids is
A. conduction.
B. convection.
C. radiation.
D. None of the above.
22. Latent heat is “hidden” because it
A. Goes into or comes out of internal potential energy.
B. Is a fluid (caloric) that cannot be sensed.
C. Does not actually exist.
D. Is a form of internal kinetic energy.
23. As a solid undergoes a phase change to a liquid, it
A. Releases heat while remaining at a constant temperature.
B. Absorbs heat while remaining at a constant temperature.
C. Releases heat as the temperature decreases.
D. Absorbs heat as the temperature increases.
24. A heat engine is designed to
A. Move heat from a cool source to a warmer location.
B. Move heat from a warm source to a cooler location.
C. Convert mechanical energy into heat.
D. Convert heat into mechanical energy.
25. The work that a heat engine is able to accomplish is ideally equivalent to the
A. Difference between the heat supplied and the heat rejected.
B. Heat that was produced in the cycle.
C. Heat that appears in the exhaust gases.
D. Sum total of the heat input and the heat output.
26. Suppose ammonia is spilled in the back of a large room. If there were no air currents, how would the room temperature influence how fast you would smell ammonia at the opposite side of the room?
A. Warmer is faster.
B. Cooler is faster.
C. There would be no influence.
27. Which of the following contains the most heat?
A. A bucket of water at 0°C.
B. A barrel of water at 0°C.
C. Neither contains any heat since the temperature is zero.
D. Both have the same amount of heat.
28. Anytime a temperature difference occurs, you can expect
A. Cold to move to where it is warmer, such as cold moving into a warm house during the winter.
B. Heat movement from any higher-temperature region.
C. No energy movement unless it is hot enough, such as the red-hot heating element on a stove.
29. The cheese on a hot pizza takes a long time to cool because it
A. Is stretchable and elastic.
B. Has a low specific heat.
C. Has a high specific heat.
D. Has a white color.
30. The specific heat of copper is roughly three times as great as the specific heat of gold. Which of the following is true for equal masses of copper and gold?
A. If the same amount of heat is applied, the copper will become hotter
B. Copper heats up three times as fast as gold.
C. A piece of copper stores three times as much heat at the same temperature.
D. The melting temperature of copper is roughly three times that of gold.
31. Cooking pans made from which of the following metals would need less heat to achieve a certain cooking temperature?
A. Aluminum (specific heat 0.22 kcal/kgC°)
B. Copper (specific heat 0.093 kcal/kgC°)
C. Iron (specific heat 0.11 kcal/kgC°)
32. Conduction best takes place in a
A. solid.
B. fluid.
C. gas.
D. vacuum.
33. Convection best takes place in a (an)
A. solid.
B. fluid.
C. alloy.
D. vacuum.
34. Radiation is the only method of heat transfer that can take place in a
A. solid.
B. liquid.
C. gas.
D. vacuum.
35. What form of heat transfer will warm your body without warming the air in a room?
A. Conduction.
B. Convection.
C. Radiation.
D. None of the above is correct.
36. When you add heat to a substance, its temperature
A. Always increases.
B. Sometimes decreases.
C. Might stay the same.
D. Might go up or down, depending on the temperature.
37. The great cooling effect produced by water evaporating comes from its high
A. conductivity.
B. Specific heat.
C. Latent heat.
D. transparency.
38. At temperatures above freezing, the evaporation rate can equal the condensation rate only at
A. Very high air temperatures.
B. Mild temperatures.
C. Low temperatures.
D. Any temperature.
39. The phase change from ice to liquid water takes place at
A. Constant pressure.
B. Constant temperature.
C. Constant volume.
D. All of the above.
40. Which of the following has the greatest value for liquid water?
A. Latent heat of fusion.
B. Latent heat of vaporization.
C. Both are equivalent.
D. None of the above is correct.
41. Which of the following supports the second law of thermodynamics?
A. Heat naturally flows from a low-temperature region to a higher-temperature region
B. All of a heat source can be converted into mechanical energy.
C. Energy tends to degrade, becoming of lower and lower quality
D. A heat pump converts heat into mechanical work.
42. The second law of thermodynamics tells us that the amount of disorder, called entropy, is always increasing. Does the growth of a plant or animal violate the second law?
A. Yes, a plant or animal is more highly ordered.
B. No, the total entropy of the universe increases.
C. The answer is unknown.
43. The heat death of the universe in the future is when the universe is supposed to
A. Have a high temperature that will kill all living things.
B. Have a high temperature that will vaporize all matter in it.
C. Freeze at a uniform low temperature.
D. Use up the universal supply of entropy.
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