Anatomy
Where is the parotid lymph center located?
In the depth of the parotid gland
At the caudal edge of the parotid gland, under the atlas wing,
At the cranial edge of the parotid gland, ventrally to the temporo-mandibular joint.
At the origin of the transverse artery of the face
What are the lymph nodes that collect the primary lymph from the eyes?
Lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes
Mandibular lymph nodes
Parotid lymph nodes.
Medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes
What is the lymph center that collects the primary lymph from the temporomandibular joint?
Mandibular lymph center
Parotid lymph center
The retropharyngeal lymph center
Pterygoid lymph center
Where are placed the mandibular lymph nodes in cattle?
In the intermandibular space, at the tip of the mandibular gland
In the intermandibular space, at the base of the tongue
On the sides of the larynx.
In the intermandibular space, along the sublingual artery
Who collect the primary lymph from the oral and nasal cavity?
Mandibular lymph nodes
Parotid lymph nodes
Lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes
Pterygoid lymph nodes
Lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes are placed:
Under the wing of the atlas, on the occipital artery pathway
On the sides of the larynx
Under the basal part of the occipital
On the ascending palatin artery (a. Palatina ascendens) pathway
The medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes are placed:
Dorsally to the larynx
Dorsally to the pharynx, on the pathway of the ascending palatine artery
Ventrally to the larynx, in the sagittal plane
At the origin of the lingual artery
Where are placed the superficial cervical lymph nodes in cattle?
Cranially to the scapulum, in the subcutaneous connective tissue
Cranially to the scapulum, between the scalenus and the cleidocephalicus muscles
Medially to the scapulum, at the scapular insertion of the cervical ventral serratus muscle
Cranially to the scapulum, under the cleidocephalicus muscle, nearby the ascending branch of the superficial cervical artery
Where are the cranial mediastinal lymph nodes?
Into the thymic lodge
In the precardiac mediastinum, along the brachiocephalic trunk
In the precardial mediastinum, ventrally to the cranial cavae vein
In the precardial mediastinum, dorsally to trachea
Where are placed the middle mediastinal lymph nodes?
On the right side of the esophagus, dorsally to heart
At the bronchial bifurcation
Between the base of the heart and the pericardial sac.
Under the aortic club
In cattle, the caudal mediastinal lymph nodes are particular through:
They are developed (10-15 cm long), being located between the mediastinal layers, dorsally to the esophagus
They are missing
They developed (10-15 cm long), being placd into the ligament of the caudal vena cava
They are developed (10-15 cm long), being located between the mediastinal layers, ventrally to the esophagus
In cattle, the cranial tracheobronchial lymph nodes are placed:
At the origin of the tracheal bronchus
At the origin of the right cranial lobar bronchus.
They are missing.
At the origin of the bronchus of the left cranial lobe
Own (proper) axillary lymph nodes are located:
Under the humeral insertion of the teres major muscle
Under the humeral insertion of the infraspinatus muscle
At the origin of the ulnar collateral artery
At the origin of the subscapular artery
The lymph nodes of the first rib are found:
At the origin of the subscapular artery
Medially to the shoulder joint, along the suprascapular artery
They are missing in horses
On the medial face of the first rib, on the pathway of the internal thoracic artery.
Who collect the primary lymph from the thoracic acropodium in cattle?
Elbow lymph nodes
Proper axillary lymph nodes
Accessory axillary lymph nodes
Lymph nodes of the first rib
What lymph nodes collect the primary lymph from the lateral side of the scapular and arm regions?
Proper axillary lymph nodes
Superficial cervical lymph nodes
Deep cervical lymph nodes
Prescapular lymph center
In cattle, the mammary lymph nodes are found:
At the caudal border of the caudal quarters of the udder
At the cranial border of the cranial quarters of the udder
Laterally to the basal plexus of the udder.
Along the external pudendal artery.
Who collect the primary lymph from the pelvic autopodium in cattle?
Popliteal and subiliac lymph nodes
Superficial iliofemoral and inguinal lymph nodes
Popliteal and iliofemoral lymph nodes
Superficial subiliac and inguinal lymph nodes
Where are placed the subiliac lymph nodes?
Under the external angle of the ilium
In the middle third, on the inner face of the tensor of fasciae latae muscle
On the medial face of the stifle joint, in the thickness of the prefemoral fold
On the descending branch of the deep iliac artery
Where are placed the popliteal lymph nodes?
In the femoral trigone, on the femoral artery pathway
Behind the stiffle joint, along the popliteal artery
Between the biceps femoris and the semitendinossus muscle, dorsally to the gastrocnemius muscle insertion
Between the biceps femoris and the semitendinosus muscles, dorsally to the gastrocnemius muscle insertion, along the caudal femoral artery
In cattle, the deep iliofemoral lymph nodes are placed:
In the femoral trigone
Under the femoral ring
Dorsally to the femoral ring, on the external iliac artery pathway
In the pelvic cavity
Vegetative innervation (Sympathetic and parasympathetic) of the stomach is ensured by:
Celiac preganglionic fibers,
The greater splanhnic nerve,
The lesser splanchnic.
Fibers from the coeliac plexus and the parietal gastric plexus
Into the layers of the great omentum which anastomosis is formed:
Between the right gastroepiploic artery and the left gastroepiploic artery,
Between lienal (splenic) artery and the hepatic artery,
Between spleniec artery and the gastroduodenal artery
Between the left gastric gastric artery and the right gastric artery
The morphological criteria for stomach differentiating in the animal are the following:
The shape of the stomach
The types of mucosa and the extended area
After vascularization
After innervation
The greater omentum is inserted on:
Hilum of the spleen
The ceiling of the abdominal cavity
Duodenum
Jejunum
The morphological criteria for differentiating the ascending colon in animals are the folowing:
The number of longitudinal muscular bands
The aspect of the colon
Distribution arteries
The position it occupies in the abdominal cavity
Which flexure (curvature) of the ascending colon in horses has the smallest caliber?
Sternal curvature,
Pelvic flexure,
Diaphragmatic curvature.
They have similar caliber
The ligaments that fix the liver are the following:
Right triangular, left triangular, hepato-renal, hepato-gastric, falciforme, round,
Right triangular, left triangular, hepato-gastric, falciforme, round
Hepato-renal, hepato-gastric, right triangular, left triangular
Round ligament, the greater and the lesser omentum
The morphological criteria for differentiating the liver in domestic animal are:
The liver color
Interlobar incisions
The aspect of the lobes
Number of lobes
The innervation of the anus is performed by:
Vegetative fibers from the hypogastric plexus and caudal rectal nerves,
Vegetative fibers from the hypogastric plexus and pudendal nerves,
Vegetative fibers of the hypogastric plexus, caudal rectal nerves and perineal nerves
Fibers from the pudendal nerves
In horses, the celiac artery ends with:
Pancreatic, gastric and hepatic arteries;
Hepatic and splenic arteries;
Hepatic, splenic and left gastric arteries
Hepatic, splenic, left gastric and pancreato-duodenal arteries
The transverse colon is supplied by:
Dorsal colic artery (right fascicle);
Caudal mesenteric artery;
Middle colic artery;
Ventral colic artery
What are the roots of portal vein in horses?
Splenic, gastric, cranial mesenteric and caudal mesenteric veins;
Splenic, gastric, jejunal and colic veins,
Splenic, cranial mesenteric and caudal mesenteric veins
Splenic, gastric, cranial mesenteric, caudal mesenteric and rectal mesenteric veins;
In horses, the cranial rectal artery originates from:
The caudal mesenteric artery;
The cranial mesenteric artery;
The internal pudendal artery.
The vaginal (or prostatic) artery
The orifice through which the portal vein perforates the diaphragm is located:
Between the left and right pillars;
Between the left pillar and the left intermediate;
No answer is correct.
At the top of the lateral right pillar
The right gastroepiploic artery comes from:
The left gastric artery
The hepatic artery
The gastroduodenal artery
Splenic artery
The caudal flexure of the duodenum (duodeno-transverse flexure) is placed:
Caudally to the origin of caudal mesenteric artery
Cranially to the origin of the celiac artery
Caudally to the origin of the cranial mesenteric artery
Cranially to the origine of the cranial mesenteric artery
In horses, the top of the cecum is particular through:
It is placed on the floor of the abdominal cavity
It is not sacculated
It is connected to the ventral colon by the ceco-colic ligament
It is placed on the floor of the abdominal cavity between loops I and II
The the intercolic ligament in horses links:
The loops of the ventral colon between them
The loops of the dorsal colon between them
The ventral colon with the dorsal colon
The cecum with the ventral colon
The splenic artery emits:
The left gastro-epiploic artery
The right gastro-epiploic artery
Gastric rami
Pancreatic branches
The hepatic artery originates in:
The celiac trunk
The large mesenteric trunk
The broncho-esophageal trunk
The descending aorta
The liver of the horse is particular through: (NOT SURE ABOUT THE ANSWER)
Three lobes
Four lobes
Five lobes
The incised (fringed) quadratus lobe
The horse's pancreas has a ring through which it passes:
The caudal vena cava
The cranial vena cava
The portal vein
The splenic vein
In species, the kidneys are differentiated through:
Their color
The aspect of the cortical area
Vascular drawing
After the renal pelvis
In species, the lungs are differentiated by:
The lobular design
The tracheal bronchus
Interlobar incisures
The aspect of the lobes
In animals, lungs are not differentiated by:
Segmental and subsegmental bronchi
Tracheal bronchus
Interlobar incisure
The aspect of lung lobules
Where is the horse cecum projected? (TRANSLATED)
On the right side, ventral to the midline of the abdomen
On the right flank, occupying the flank gap, the flank rope and the flank slope
In the hollow of the right flank.
In the gap on the left flank
Where is projected the ascending colon of the horse:
On the right side, below the midline of the abdomen
On the left side, below the midline of the abdomen
On the right and left sides, below the midline of the abdomen.
On the ventral face of the abdomen
In horses, on the right side of the abdomen, the liver has the following projecting area:
Is not projected
Cranially, is delimited by the diaphragm, ventrally by the middle line of the abdomen and caudally by a line between the base of the 17th rib and the middle of the 15th rib
Cranially is delimited by the diaphragm, ventrally by the midline of the abdomen and caudally by the 10th rib
The caudal midline, below the diaphragm
In horses, the descending colon is projected:
In the whole of the left flank
On the slope of the right flank
Has no projection area at the level of the abdominal wall
In both sides of the sublumbar region
In horses, the jejunum is projected:
A. In the diaphragmatic concavity
On the left side, corresponding to a band of 10-20 cm, located dorsally to the midline of the abdomen, caudal to the hypochondral arch
On the right side, corresponding to a band of 10-20 cm, located dorsally to the midline of the abdomen, caudally to the hypochondral arch
At the cavity entrance
The projection area of the rumen in ruminants is drown:
On the right side of the abdominal cavity
On the left side of the abdominal cavity
On the floor of the abdominal cavity
On the right side from the diaphragm to the entrance to the pelvic cavity
In cattle, the projection area of the reticulum is placed:
Is not designed
On the left side, between VI-VIII ribs, below the midline
On the right side, between the VI-VIII ribs, below the midline.
On the left side, between the VI-VIIIribs , dorsally to the midline
In cattle, the omasum area of projection is designed:
Has no projection area
On the left side, below the midline of the abdomen, between the VI-VIII ribs
On the right side, dorsally to abomasum, between the VI-IX ribs
On the right side, dorsally to the abomasum
In cattle, the gallbladder in cattle is projected:
On the right side, in the tenth intercostal space, 3 cm below the midline of the abdomen
On the left side, in the tenth intercostal space, 3 cm below the midline of the abdomen
Has no projection area on the wall of the abdominal cavity
Dorsally to the caudate lobe projection
The greater omentum represents:
The stomach ligament
The small intestine ligament
The large intestine ligament
The liver ligament
The lsser splanchnic nerve consists of:
Presynaptic sympathetic fibers
Postsynaptic sympathetic fibers
Postsynaptic parasympathetic fibers
Presynaptic parasympathetic fibers
The Valsalva sinuses are located:
Dorsally to the mitral valve
Dorsally to the aortic valve
Dorsally to the bicuspid valve
From where the coronary arteries originate
The pericardial cavity represents:
The space between the epicardium and the serous pericardium
The space between the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium
The space between the pleura and the pericardial sac
The space between the serous pericardium and the fibrous pericardium
The fossa ovale represents:
An ovalar depression placed into the interatrial septum
A depression located into the interventricular septum
An remnant of the Botall orifice
An remnant of the Botall canal
The external pudendal artery is discovered as follows:
Through the incision of the skin on the side of the prepuce
Through an incision of the skin at the level of the caudo-medial commissure of the superficial inguinal ring
Through an incision of the skin near the cranio-lateral commissure of the superficial inguinal ring
At the tip of the femoral trigone
In boars, the superficial inguinal ring appears as a slit, being placed:
Cranially to the pubis and laterally to the white line
In the subanal region
Over the ischiadic arch, lateral to the perineal ridge
In the hypogastric region
The inguinal canal represents:
The path of the testicular cord in the groin (inguinal) region.
The space between the two inguinal rings
The testicular cord pathway from the origin to the testicle
The space traversed by the testicle during testicular migration
In horses, the dorsal artery of the penis comes from:
The symmetrical anastomosis of the pudendal arteries (internal and external)
The anastomosis of the caudal artery of the penis with the median artery of the penis
The anastomosis of the cranial artery of the penis with the median and caudal artery of the penis
The median artery of the penis.
The blocking of the dorsal nerve of the penis is performed:
At the level of the ischiadic arch, lateral to the root of the penis
On the dorsal face of the penis, in the inguinal region.
At the level of the superficial inguinal ring
Lateral to the anus, into the paraanal fosse.
The testicular cord consists of:
The testicular artery and vein
The artery, the vein and the deferens ductus covered by serosa
The artery, the vein and the deferens ductus, covered by the fibrous layer.
The artery, the vein, the cremaster muscle and deferens ductus, covered by the serous-fibrous layer.
The external cremaster muscle originates from:
The internal oblique muscle of the abdomen
The external oblique muscle of the abdomen
The rectus abdominis muscle
The transverse muscle of the abdomen
The vaginal process includes:
The superficial and the deep fascia of the trunk
The fibrous-serous layer
The tunica flava of the abdomen.
The parietal peritoneum
In dogs, the testicular pouches are supplied by:
The internal pudendal artery
The external pudendal artery and the internal pudendal artery
The obturator artery.
The iliohypogastric artery
The testicular mediastinum represents:
Fibrous extension along the long axis of the testis
The place where the rete testis is located
Is thick and centrally placed in boars
Is found at the cranial pole of the testicle at the stallion
The pampiniform plexus:
It is formed by the testicular vein
It is placed at the cranial pole of the testicle
It is formed by the epididymal canal
It is placed in the tail of the epididymis
Who sensory innervates the skin of the dorsal face of the carpus in horses?
The dorsal carpal nerve
The cranial antebrachial cutaneous nerve and the dorsal carpal nerve
Sensory branches of the palmar nerves.
The superficial branch of the radial nerve.
What are the vascular-nervous structures that pass through the superficial layer of the carpal flexor retinaculum (palmar anular carpal ligament)?
The palmar artery and the medial palmar nerve
Palmar artery, palmar vein and palmar nerves
The radial and the ulnar arteries, the radial and the ulnar veins and the lateral palmar nerve.
The radial and the ulnar arteries, the radial and the ulnar veins, the tendon of the flexor carpi-radialis muscle and the lateral palmar nerve.
What are the structures that pass through the deep layer of the carpal flexor retinaculum (palmar anular carpal ligament)?
The palmar artery and the medial palmar nerve
The palmar artery, the palmar vein and the palmar nerves
The radial and the ulnar arteries, the radial and the ulnar veins and the lateral palmar nerve.
Palmar artery, medial palmar nerve and tendons of the deep and the superficial digital flexor muscles
What is the anatomical basis of the metacarposamophalangeal joint in horses?
The metacarpal bones, the first phalanx and the greater sesamoids
The distal extremity of the third metacarpal, the proximal extremity of the phalanx I and the great sesamoids.
The body of the second phalanx
The distal extremity of the third and the secondary metacarpals, the proximal extremity of the first phalanx and the greater sesamoids.
In horses, the vascular-nervous structures of the fetlock region are highlighted:
Through an incision about 3 cm long placed on the sides
Through an incision about 3 cm long, placed laterally to the greater sesamoids
Through a long incision on the palmary face of the fetlock
Through an incision on the dorsal face of the fetlock
The place for blocking of the digital nerve is:
Dorsally of the fetlock joint
Dorsally to the ligament of the ergot
Cranially to the digital artery
Ventrally to the ligament of the ergot.
The vascular-nervous structures of the pastern region are dorso-palmary ordered as following:
Nerve, vein, nerve, artery, nerve
Nerve, artery, nerve, vein, nerve
Artery, vein, nerve
Artery, vein, nerve, tendon
Which structures belong to the hoof cushioning system?
The coffin and the frog
The frog and the heel bulbs
Cartilages of the hoof and the frog
Cartilages of the hoof, tubular layer of the coffin and the frog.
Which structure delimits the osteo-ligamentous and vascular-nervous tissues from the hoof capsule on the solar face of the hoof?
The cuticula
The white line
The central groove
The frog bars
In horses, where anastomose the digital arteries?
Through the terminal arch, located in the solear duct
Through the circumflex artery of the foot, located at the edge of the third phalanx
Into the coronary groove
They do not anastomose
Which innervates the hoof cushion and the sole in horses?
The caudal digital nerve
The caudal and the middle digital nerve
Deep palmar nerve
The middle digital nerve
Digital veins in horses originate from:
The solear veins
The internal and external venous plexuses of the hoof cartilages
The anastomose between solear and coronary veins.
In the venous networh of the corium of the frog and bulbs of the heel
What are the structures that increase the length of the hoof capsule?
Internal layer (lamellar) of the hoof
External layer (cuticula) and middle layer of the hoof
The corium of the sole and frog
Papillae of the coronary corium that produce the horny tubules
In horses, the common digital artery II is the main vessel of the metacarpal region being found in:
Parallel to the flexor tendons on the lateral face of the region
Parallel to the flexor tendons on the medial face of th region
On the dorso-medial face of the metacarpus, passing over the metacarpal fascia
Parallel to the flexor tendons, on the medial face, covered by the metacarpal fascia
Indicate the dorso-palmary succession of the tendons on the palmar (caudal) face of the metacarpal region in horses:
The interosseous, the deep flexor and the superficial flexor muscles
The superficial flexor, the interosseous and the deep flexor muscles
The interosseous, the deep flexor, the superficial flexor and lateral digital extensor muscles
The intermediate tendon, the sural triceps tendon and the tendon of the superficial flexor muscle.
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