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AUBF

Normal urine daily output
300-1000ml
1200-2000ml
1200-1300ml
600-2000ml
Cessation of urine flow
Oliguria
Polyuria
Anuria
Nocturia
A decrease in urine output
Oliguria
Polyuria
Anuria
Nocturia
A patient with oliguria might progress to having:
Oliguria
Polyuria
Anuria
Nocturia
The primary inorganic substance found in urine is:
Sodium
Phosphate
Chloride
Calcium
An unidentified fluid is received in the laboratory with a request to determine whether the fluid is urine or another body fluid. Using routine laboratory tests, which substances would determine that the fluid is most probably urine
Glucose and Ketones
Urea and creatinine
Uric acid and amino acids
Protein and amino acids
All of the following are characteristics of recommended urine containers except:
A flat bottom
A capacity of 50 mL
A snap-on lid
Are disposable
Labels for urine containers are:
Attached to the container
Attached to the lid
Placed on the container prior to collection
Not detachable
A cloudy specimen received in the laboratory may have been preserved using:
Boric acid
Chloroform
Refrigeration
Formalin
The primary advantage of a first morning specimen over a random specimen is that it:
Is less contaminated
Is more concentrated
Is less concentrated
Has a higher volume
If a routine urinalysis and a culture are requested on a catheterized specimen, then:
Two separate containers must be collected
The routine urinalysis is performed first
The patient must be recatheterized
The culture is performed first
The primary cause of unsatisfactory results in an unpreserved routine specimen not tested for 8 hours is:
Bacterial growth
Glycolysis
Decreased pH
Chemical oxidation
If a patient fails to discard the first specimen when collecting a timed specimen the:
Specimen must be recollected
Results will be falsely elevated
Results will be falsely increased
NOTA
Prolonged exposure of a preserved urine specimen to light will cause:
Decreased glucose
Increased cells and casts
Decreased bilirubin
Increased bacteria
Which of the following would be least affected in a specimen that has remained unpreserved at room temperature for more than 2 hours?
Urobilinogen
Ketones
Protein
Nitrite
Bacterial growth in an unpreserved specimen will:
Decrease clarity
Increase bilirubin
Decrease pH
Increase glucose
The most sterile specimen collected is a:
Catheterized
Midstream clean-catch
Three-glass
Suprapubic aspiration
Which of the following would not be given to a patient prior to the collection of a midstream clean-catch specimen?
Sterile container
Iodine cleanser
Antiseptic towelette
Instructions
Urine specimen collection for drug testing requires the collector to do all of the following except:
Inspect the specimen color
Perform reagent strip testing
Read the specimen temperature
Fill out a chain-of-custody form
Specimens should be delivered to the laboratory promptly and tested within?
1 Hour
5 Hours
2 Hours
9 Hours
The type of nephron responsible for renal concentration is the
Cortical
Juxtaglomerular
Afferent
Efferent
The function of the peritubular capillaries is:
A. Reabsorption
B. Filtration
C. Secretion
Both A and C
Blood flows through the nephron in the following order:
Efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta, afferent arteriole
Peritubular capillaries, afferent arteriole, vasa recta, efferent arteriole
Afferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta, efferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole, vasa recta, peritubular capillaries, afferent arteriole
Filtration of protein is prevented in the glomerulus by:
Hydrostatic pressure
Oncotic pressure
Renin
The glomerular filtration barrier
The primary chemical affected by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is:
Chloride
Sodium
Potassium
Hydrogen
Secretion of renin is stimulated by:
Juxtaglomerular cells
Angiotensin I and II
Macula densa cells
Circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme
The hormone aldosterone is responsible for:
Hydrogen ion secretion
Potassium secretion
Chloride retention
Sodium retention
The fluid leaving the glomerulus has a specific gravity of:
1.005
1.010
1.015
1.020
For active transport to occur, a chemical:
Must combine with a carrier protein to create electrochemical energy
Must be filtered through the proximal convoluted tubule
Must be in higher concentration in the filtrate than in the blood
Must be in higher concentration in the blood than in the filtrate
Which of the tubules is impermeable to water?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Descending loop of Henle
Ascending loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Glucose will appear in the urine when the:
Blood level of glucose is 200 mg/dL
Tm for glucose is reached
Renal threshold for glucose is exceeded
All of the above
Tests performed to detect renal tubular acidosis after administering an ammonium chloride load include all of the following except
Urine ammonia
Arterial pH
Urine pH
Titratable acidity
The normal serum osmolarity is:
50 to 100 mOsm
275 to 300 mOsm
400 to 500 mOsm
3 times the urine osmolarity
If ammonia is not produced by the distal convoluted tubule, the urine pH will be:
Acidic
Basic
Urine temperature for drug specimen
33.6 - 37.6
32.5 - 37.0
36.5 - 37.9
32.5 - 37.7
The concentration of a normal urine specimen can be estimated by which of the following?
Color
Clarity
Foam
Odor
The normal yellow color of urine is produced by:
Bilirubin
Hemoglobin
Urobilinogen
Urochrome
The presence of bilirubin in a urine specimen produces a:
Yellow foam when shaken
White foam when shaken
Cloudy specimen
Yellow-red specimen
A urine specimen containing melanin will appear:
Pale pink
Dark yellow
Blue-green
Black
Specimens that contain hemoglobin can be visually distinguished from those that contain RBCs because:
Hemoglobin produces a clear, yellow specimen
Hemoglobin produces a cloudy pink specimen
RBCs produce a cloudy red specimen
RBCs produce a clear red specimen
A patient with a viscous orange specimen may have been:
Treated for a urinary tract infection
Taking vitamin B pills
Eating fresh carrots
Taking antidepressants
The presence of a pink precipitate in a refrigerated specimen is caused by:
Hemoglobin
Urobilin
Uroerythrin
Beets
Microscopic examination of a clear urine that produces a white precipitate after refrigeration will show:
Amorphous urates
Porphyrins
Amorphous phosphates
Yeast
The color of urine containing porphyrins will be:
Yellow-brown
Green
Orange
Port wine
A urine specific gravity measured by refractometer is 1.029, and the temperature of the urine is 14°C. The specific gravity should be reported as:
1.023
1.027
1.029
1.032
A specimen with a specific gravity of 1.001 would be considered:
Hyposthenuric
Not urine
Hypersthenuric
Isosthenuric
A strong odor of ammonia in a urine specimen could indicate:
Ketones
Normalcy
Phenylketonuria
An old specimen
Which of the following will react in the reagent strip specific gravity test?
Glucose
Radiographic dye
Protein
Chloride
In the reagent strip specific gravity reaction the polyelectrolyte:
Combines with hydrogen ions in response to ion concentration
Releases hydrogen ions in response to ion concentration
Releases hydrogen ions in response to pH
Combines with sodium ions in response to pH
The unit of osmolality measured in the clinical laboratory is the:
Osmole
Milliosmole
Molecular weight
Ionic charge
Leaving excess urine on the reagent strip after removing it from the specimen will:
Cause run-over between reagent pads
Alter the color of the specimen
Cause reagents to leach from the pads
Not affect the chemical reactions
Failure to mix a specimen before inserting the reagent strip will primarily affect the:
Glucose reading
Blood reading
Ketone reading
Nitrite reading
Quality control of reagent strips is performed:
Using positive and negative controls
When results are questionable
At least once every 24 hours
All of the above
The reagent strip reaction that requires the longest reaction time is the:
Bilirubin
pH
Leukocyte esterase
Glucose
Testing a refrigerated specimen that has not warmed to room temperature will adversely affect:
Enzymatic reactions
Dye-binding reactions
The sodium nitroprusside reaction
Diazo reactions
All of the following are important to protect the integrity of reagent strips except:
Removing the desiccant from the bottle
Storing in an opaque bottle
Storing at room temperature
Resealing the bottle after removing a strip
The principle of the reagent strip test for pH is the:
Protein error of indicators
Greiss reaction
Dissociation of a polyelectrolyte
Double indicator reaction
A urine specimen with a pH of 9.0:
Indicates metabolic acidosis
Should be recollected
May contain calcium oxalate crystals
Is seen after drinking cranberry juice
The principle of the protein-high pad on the Multistix Pro reagent strip is the:
Diazo reaction
Enzymatic dye-binding reaction
Protein error of indicators
Microalbumin-Micral-Test
The most significant reagent strip test that is associated with a positive ketone result is:
Glucose
Protein
PH
Specific gravity
A patient with a normal blood glucose and a positive urine glucose should be further checked for:
Diabetes mellitus
Renal disease
Gestational diabetes
Pancreatitis
The reagent strip test for nitrite uses the:
Greiss reaction
Ehrlich reaction
Peroxidase reaction
Pseudoperoxidase reaction
The principle of the reagent strip test for specific gravity uses the dissociation constant of a(n):
Diazonium salt
Indicator dye
Polyelectrolyte
Enzyme substrate
A specific gravity of 1.005 would produce the reagent strip color:
Blue
Green
Yellow
Red
Confirmatory test for protein
SSA
Copper reduction test
Acetest
Ictotest
Confirmatory test for Ketone
SSA
Copper reduction test
Acetest
Ictotest
Confirmatory test for Bilirubin
SSA
Copper reduction test
Acetest
Ictotest
Confirmatory test for Glucose
Exton's Test
Copper reduction test
Watson-Schwartz test
Acetest
Confirmatory test for Urobilinogen
Exton's Test
Copper reduction test
Watson-Schwartz test
Acetest
Reaction time for protein
60s
120s
45s
30s
Reaction time for Glucose
60s
120s
45s
30s
Reaction time for Leukocyte
60s
120s
45s
30s
Reaction time for SG
60s
120s
45s
30s
Reaction time for pH
60s
120s
45s
30s
Parameters affected by Ascorbic acid (5 pts)
PH
SG
Leukocyte
Blood
Nitrite
Glucose
Protein
Ketone
Urobilinogen
Bilirubin
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