Midterm
Which type of databases are not optimized for a single application?
NoSQL Databases
Data Warehouses
Embedded Databases
Enterprise Databases
Which term is not typically associated with relational databases?
Table
Column
Class
Row
Which of the following is most likely meta data?
06/25/2013
Terry Smith
42
The seats available in a class room.
Unsigned Integer
The structure of a database is described by its:
Schema
Class Structure
Record Set
Repository
Characteristics of data warehouses include all of the following EXCEPT:
Write Once / Read Mostly
Use of "Star" and "Snowflake" schemas
Batch Updates
Business Transactional Support
The term "key" will be mostly commonly used in database with respect to discussing "key-value pairs".
True
False
We will talk about "traversal" most commonly with regards to what type of database operation?
Transferrings data from a client to a server
Connecting two relationed instances of data
Connecting two federated databases
Searching a tree-based index structure from root to
Physical databases are common created during which part of the "waterfall" development process?
Analysis
Integration
Design
Construction
Deployment
Is data modeling and database design usually an iterative or linear software process?
Iterative
Linear
Conceptual modeling focuses on:
Creating data structures based on database models
Designing data architecture of applications
Identifying data objects and basic relationships between entities and values
Collecting external artifacts from stakeholders
Logical modeling focuses on:
Using patterns to design database application code
Designing queries for application transactions
Identifying data objects and basic relationships between entities and values
Creating data structures based on database models
Usually, databases are constructed before the detailed design and coding of database application because:
Allow for earlier migration of existing data
Allows parallel effort within team
Implications of external coupling
Easier to build databases than code
Which database model is the most popular with respect DBMSs used today?
Network
Object-Oriented
XML
Relational
Hierarchical
Non-SQL
The relational database model has which of the following characteristics:
"Master" and "detail" optimized structures
Stored relationships that optimize traversals
Multiple "master" or top-level entities / classes
Ad-hoc traversals based on arbitrary relationships
XML can best be considered which database model?
Object-Oriented
Network
Semi-structured
Relational
Relational database engines provide best performance for all traversal profiles.
True
False
Which of the following is not a semi-structured data engine approach?
Document Stores
XML
Network
Non-SQL
Which of the following most likely be considered "databases"?
Web usage logs
High-scores in a multiplayer game
Web bookmarks collection
JPEG Photo
Text document
All database management systems are based on the relational model
True
False
The most popular database management systems are based on the relational model.
True
False
All records in a database must have values for each and every attribute.
True
False
Names are the best choice to use for unique identifiers.
True
False
The characteristics of the ideal unique identifier include all of the following except:
User meaningful
Never changes once created
Univeral uniqueness
String data type
Artificial keys are most commonly not compound keys
True
False
The most commonly used keys in database designs are:
Natural Keys
Artificial Keys
OIDs
Smart Keys
Compound Keys
Which statement best describes "smart keys":
Smart keys use cryptographic hashes to uniqueness.
Smart keys are artificial keys encode natural data and serial numbers.
Smart keys are easy to use and remember by people.
Smart keys are synonym for compound keys.
Modern DBMS commonly support triggers and/or allow the cascading of changes made to unique identifiers over time.
True
False
The key difference between conceptual data modeling and logical data modeling is:
Logical data modeling focuses on structures compliant with a given database model
No difference - conceptual data models are logical data models
Logical data modeling apply rules of Normal Forms
The use of different notation tools (diagrams)
All logical data models are based on relational database model structures.
True
False
What holds (implements) the relationship that exists between instances of related entities in the a relational logical data model?
Foreign keys
Primary keys
Pointers
OIDs
Artificial keys
For relational logical data models, which of the following statement best describes the use of foreign keys:
Foreign keys will always be found in the "many" side entity in a "one-to-many" relationship between two entities
Foreign keys will always be found in the "one" side entity in "one-to-many" relationship between two entities.
Foreign keys will always be found in both entities associated with a "one-to-many" relationship between two entities.
Foreign keys are optional and chosen by the person creating the data model.
The cardinality of inheritance relationships is:
Always one-to-one between supertype and subtype
Always one-to-many between supertype and subtypes
Always many-to-many between supertype and subtype
Varies depending on the semantics of the data
A "one-to-many" relationship between two entities (such as X and Y, respectively) means:
Each instance of X may have one or more related instances Y, and each instance of Y has one and only instance X related to it.
Each instance of X must have at least one instance Y related to it, and each instance of Y must have at one and only one instance X related to it.
Each instance of X may have one or more related Y instances, and each Y must have at least one instance of X related to it.
Each instance of Y may have one or more related Y instances, and each instance Y may have at least one instance of X related to it.
One-to-one "HAS A" relationships are uncommon in relational logical data models.
True
False
Many-to-many relationships are common in relational logical data models.
True
False
You can choose assess a data model conforms to 3rd Normal Form only-- in other words, without consideration of whether or not it complies with other Normal Forms).
True
False
A logical data model that has been changed to break one of the rules associated with normalization is called:
A denormalized model
Trick question - not allowed to break Normal Form rules in a logical data model
An unnormalized model
A normalized model
Commonly, logical data models are modified until they comply with which normal form:
3rd Normal Form
6th Normal Form
1st Normal Form
4th Normal Form
2nd Normal Form
5th Normal Form
7th Normal Form
Which Normal Form is associated with evaluating partial key dependencies:
6th Normal Form
4th Normal Form
1st Normal Form
3rd Normal Form
2nd Normal Form
5th Normal Form
Which Normal Form is associated with evaluating transitive key dependencies:
3rd Normal Form
Boyce-Codd Normal Form
4th Normal Form
2nd Normal Form
1st Normal Form
Which Normal Form is associated with eliminating repeating data groups:
2nd Normal Form
Boyce-Codd Normal Form
3rd Normal Form
1st Normal Form
4th Normal Form
Each and every entity must have a primary key associated with it to assess Normal Forms.
True
False
Each predicate in an Object Role Model represents what with respect to logical data models and normalization:
One or more attributes depending the n-ary of the relationship
Foreign key declaration
Primary key declaration
Functional dependency
Which of the following statement(s) best describes why primary keys of entities are important in normalization?
Represent data that cannot be updated
All non-key attributes must be functionally dependent on the primary key
Represent the only data that can be duplicated
Used to help define foreign keys to hold relationships
Microsoft SQL Server uses a "slot array" as part of its row storage structure. The "slot array" is used for:
Storing ROW IDs of each row on the page
Storing byte-offsets to row data
Holding NULL / NOT NULL flags for column values
Storing byte-offsets to column data
Oracle internally stores numbers in which of the following formats:
Binary Floats (single-precision / double-precision)
Unsigned binary integers (8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit)
Variable-length packed decimal reals with mantissa and exponent
Signed binary integers (8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit)
Based on overhead, what is estimated maximum number of rows that can be stored on one Microsoft Sql Server 8K database page?
736
768
2184
1024
1735
Which DBMS(s) incur no overhead for "trailing NULLs"? (Columns in table definition occur in a declared order such as ID, Last Name, First Name, Middle Name, Phone, Fax, Address. Lets assume that all columns except ID are declared as NULL. Then "trailing NULLs" might be a case where a row had NULL for Phone, Fax, and Address. If Fax or Address was not a NULL value, then there would not be trailing NULLs no matter what other columns had NULL values for a given row.)
Microsoft SQL Server
No answer text provided.
MySql
Oracle
For MySql databases (using InnoDB data engine), how many bytes are required per field pointer in a row header?
1 byte
4 bytes
2 bytes
1 or 2 bytes that depends on the overall length of the row.
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