CHAPTER 3: Innate Immunity

The term for enhancement of phagocytosis by coating of foreign particles with serum proteins is

Opsonization

Agglutination

Solubilization

Chemotaxis

Which of the following plays an important role as an external defense mechanism?

Phagocytosis

C-reactive protein

Lysozyme

Complement

The process of inflammation is characterized by all of the following except

Increased blood supply to the area.

Migration of WBCs.

Decreased capillary permeability.

Appearance of acute-phase reactants.

Skin, lactic acid secretions, stomach acidity, and the motion of cilia represent which type of immunity?

Innate

Cross

Adaptive

Auto

The structure formed by the fusion of engulfed material and enzymatic granules within the phagocytic cell is called a

Phagosome.

Lysosome

Vacuole

Phagolysosome

The presence of human microbiota (normal flora) acts as a defense mechanism by which of the following methods?

Maintaining an acid environment

Competing with potential pathogens

Keeping phagocytes in the area

Coating mucosal surfaces

Measurement of CRP levels can be used for all of the following except

Monitoring drug therapy with anti-inflammatory agents.

Tracking the progress of an organ transplant.

Diagnosis of a specific bacterial infection.

Determining active phases of rheumatoid arthritis.

Pathogen recognition receptors act by

Recognizing molecules common to both host cells and pathogens.

Recognizing molecules that are unique to pathogens.

Helping to spread infection because they are found on pathogens.

All recognizing the same pathogens.

Which of the following are characteristics of acute-phase reactants?

Rapid increase following infection

Enhancement of phagocytosis

Nonspecific indicators of inflammation

All of the above

Which is the most significant agent formed in the phagolysosome for the elimination of microorganisms?

Proteolytic enzymes

Hydrogen ions

Hypochlorite ions

Superoxides

Which acute-phase reactant helps to prevent formation of peroxides and free radicals that may damage tissues?

Haptoglobin

Fibrinogen

Ceruloplasmin

Serum amyloid A

Which statement best describes Toll-like receptors (TLRs)?

They protect adult flies from infection.

They are found on all host cells.

They only play a role in adaptive immunity.

They enhance phagocytosis.

The action of CRP can be distinguished from that of an antibody because

CRP acts before the antibody appears.

Only the antibody triggers the complement cascade.

Binding of the antibody is calcium-dependent.

Only CRP acts as an opsonin.

How does innate immunity differ from adaptive immunity?

Innate immunity requires prior exposure to a pathogen.

Innate immunity depends upon normally present body functions.

Innate immunity develops later than adaptive immunity.

Innate immunity is more specific than adaptive immunity.

A 40-year-old male who is a smoker develops symptoms of premature emphysema. The symptoms may be caused by a deficiency of which of the following acute-phase reactants?

Haptoglobin

Alpha1-antitrypsin

Fibrinogen

Ceruloplasmin

Which statement best describes NK cells?

Their response against pathogens is very specific.

They only react when an abundance of MHC antigens is present.

They react when both an inhibitory and activating signal is triggered.

They are able to kill target cells without previous exposure to them.

CHAPTER 3: Innate Immunity

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