Final patho last semester

A 37-year-old woman presents with the acute onset of a productive cough, fever, chills, and pleuritic chest pain. CBC showed leukocytosis with predominance of neutrophils. A chest x ray reveals consolidation of the entire lower lobe of her right lung. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 19-year-old young woman who emigrated from Taiwan 8 years ago presents with fever, malaise, myalgias, and arthritis and "coldness" in her upper extremities. She has a weak radial pulse bilaterally, and a magnetic resonance angiogram demonstrates nearly 75% stenosis of the main arteries originating from the aorta. She likely has which of the following rheumatologic conditions?

A 27-year-old man who is an I drug user presents to the emergency department because of abdominal pain. He reports red discoloration of his urine On examination, he is hypertensive and has no dyspnea, chest pain, or hemoptysis. After initial evaluation in the clinic, the patient is admitted to the hospital. A chest radiograph and radiographic imaging of the kidneys, bladder, and pelvis reveal no abnormalities. Laboratory studies reveal elevated levels of amylase and lipase and an elevated level of creatinine. The patient is positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. Which of the following is the mo likely diagnosis?

Which of the following primarily affects the cerebral cortex

Which polyp has the highest risk of progression to carcinoma

A 38-year-old woman has experienced the gradual onset of a goiter. Serum T4 and T3 are low and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is slightly increased. Serum antithyroid peroxidase (antimicrosomal) antibodies are detected but there are no TSH receptor antibodies. Which of the following the most likely diagnosis?

The following are features of Ulcertaive Colitis EXCEPT:

Which of the following is false statement?

Which of the following are characteristics of Megaloblastic Anemia:

Which of the following will give rise to Lipiduria:

A 67-year-old woman complains of gradually increasing fatigue. On physical examination, she is found to be anemic and has a peripheral neuropathy characterized by loss of position and vibratory sense. Laboratory studies document a macrocytic anemia and decreased WBC and platelets counts. What pathological mechanism accounts for these findings?

An 11 yearold male presents with recurrent swollen joints which are painful His parents have noticed this is usually precipitated by minor accidents while playing on the playground.A plasma factor assay is requested which reveals a diagnosis of haemophilia A. Which of the following tests will be abnormal?

Which of the following is the most common cause of chronic pancreatitis?

A 25-year-old woman discovers a breast lump during self-examination. On physical examination you identify a firm, round, movable, non-tender mass in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast. Your provisional diagnosis would be which of the following?

A 64-year-old man presents with a eight-month history of generalised weakness. On examination he has fasciculation and weakness in both arms with absent reflexes. Examination of the lower limbs reveal increased tone and exaggerated reflexes. Sensation was normal and there were no cerebellar signs. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following is the commonest histological finding In benign hypertension?

Egg-Shell Calcification is characteristically seen in:

Chromosome translocations are important in diagnosing and prognosticating certain types of cancers. Which of the following may be seen in Burkitt's lymphoma?

Which among the following arteries is commonly affected in Kawasaki disease?

A 74-year-old patient is brought to the Emergency Room with central crushing chest pain radiating to his jaw and left arm. His past medical history includes hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolaemia. He is treated accordingly with percutaneous coronary intervention but undergoes ventricular fibrillation and dies 3 days after his initial presentation. What would be the most likely histological finding in his heart?

A 7-year-old boy accidentally inhales a small peanut, which lodges in one of his bronchi. A chest x-ray reveals the mediastinum to be shifted toward the side of the obstruction. Which of the following pulmonary abnormalities is most likely present in this boy?

A 63-year-old woman discovers a lump in her right breast. Mammography confirms the presence of a suspicious "lump," and a needle core biopsy is performed to determine whether the mass is malignant. The pathology report confirms that the mass is indeed cancerous and that the tissue demonstrates amplification of the Her-2/neu oncogene. The gene product of Her-2/neu is what kind of protein?

25-year-old female is being investigated for an irregular looking cyst on her right ovary. AFP levels are raised. A biopsy of the cyst is taken and the report is shown below: Biopsy report: Schiller-Duval bodies are seen. Which of the following ovarian tumours has this lady developed?

true about ulcerative colitis, all except

A 24 year old male is referred to a cardiologist after an episode of syncope while playing football. He has no significant past medical history except for asthma, he reports a family history of sudden cardiac death. An ECG performed. The most likely diagnosis is:

A 37 year old woman presents for review. She is 26 weeks pregnant and has had no problems with her pregnancy to date. Blood pressure is 144/92 mmHg, arise from her booking reading of 110/80 mmH. Urine dipstick reveals the following: Proteine-negative, Leucocytes - Negative, Blood - Negative.What is the most appropriate description of her condition?

- A 15 year-old boy notices a swelling around his left knee, which has been progressive over the past few months. The swelling is associated with pain, which becomes unbearable. He is brought by his parents to the emergency department. Radiographic analysis of his left knee reveals an elevation of the periosteum and an infiltrative mass in the distal femur. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following is not a feature of Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis(RPGN) ?

A 22 year old male consults for ptosis and diplopia which usually begins to occur in the late afternoon and improves upon waking up after a long good sleep. Recently he also noted dysphagia and muscle weakness which also improves with rest. What is the pathophysiology of his condition?

Which one of the following lesions usually presents as a discrete, freely movable nodule in the breast?

A 29-year-old woman presents with weakness, fatigue, easy bruising, and nosebleeds. Analysis of her blood reveals a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 22 and 9, and low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase levels. These findings confirm a diagnosis of which of the following?

Renal biopsy demonstrates concentric, laminated thickening of arteriolar walls due to proliferation smooth muscle cells. This process is best described by which of the following terms?

50 year old male chronic smoker presents with chronic cough dyspnea and sputum production. He also has bouts of easy fatigability. Patient also presents with increased anteroposterior diameter of the chest wall. Patient most likely has this type of emphysema

A 56-year-old woman comes to the physician complaining of a blistering rash on her hands that comes and goes. At different times, the rash has affected her hands, legs, inguinal creases, and the corners of his mouth. She was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus 3 months ago but has no other medical problems other than occasional loose stools. The patient has had no palpitations, abdominal pain, or vomiting, but has had occasional watery stools. Physical examination shows coalescing erythematous plaques with crusting and scaling at the borders and central areas of brownish induration over the lower abdomen and in the perioral skin. What is the most likely diagnosis of this patient?

Deficiency of alpha-1 antitrypsin leads to this type of emphysema? 1- Centrilobular

Which of the following is the most significant finding on microscopic analysis of unrine for a patient suffering from acute pyelonephritis?

A 26-year-old woman presents to the hospital with complaints of a rapid heart rate and palpitations. She has lost about 14 kg (30 lb) in the past 5 months despite having a good appetite. She complains of left lower abdominal pain. Laboratory evaluation reveals that her thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) level is barely detectable and her T4 level is elevated. No autoantibodies are detected in her serum. A brain MRI reveals no masses in the pituitary gland. An ultrasound of her thyroid gland is interpreted as normal. A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis shows a 7-cm complex cystic mass of the left ovary, but is otherwise unremarkable. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 38-year-old woman presents with a 2-month history of symptoms of fatigue, pallor and palpitations. She also complains of breathlessness at rest as well as during exertion. She has an established diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE. On abdominal examination you notice the spleen is slightly enlarged. Blood tests reveal: Hb 90 g/I (Normal 115-160 g/l), Direct Coombs test is positive. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 21 year old drug addict who develops Fever, Splenomegaly and Sphincter Hemorrhage is most likely to be suffering from

A 40-year-old female is referred to medical assessment unit by her physician for querying thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) after she presented with a temperature of 38.9°C. Her subsequent urea and electrolytes showed deteriorating renal function with a creatinine 3 times greater than her baseline. What is the underlying pathophysiology of TP?

A 6-year-old boy is brought to the child assessment unit by his mother. He has lower leg pain that has not resolved for over 3 weeks. She reports has been falling more than usual but puts it down to her new oak laminate flooring. Recently he has been lazy to get out of bed and sometimes s to get out of bed. The child looks well in himself but has a runny nose. During the examination, he slips off the bed and lands on the floor. He use arms and legs to help him get off the floor as he attempts to stand up. (PIC 3).

A 19-year-old woman presents with the acute onset of severe headaches and vomiting. She describes these headaches as being the "worst headaches’’ she has ever had. There is no history of trauma. She is febrile, and her blood pressure is within normal limits. Physical examination reveals stiffness in her neck, but papilledema is not present. A lumbar puncture reveals grossly bloody fluid under increased pressure, but the cell count and the glucose levels are within normal limits. What is the most likely cause of this woman's clinical course?

A 45-year old male, smoker, presented with cough, copious sputum, and progressive dyspnea on exertion for the last two years. On physical examination, he has wheezes all over his lung fields, and cyanotic lips. Morphologic findings of the lungs in this condition will most likely show a/an

A 35-year-old woman, gravida 2 para 1, presents to the emergency obstetric assessment unit with spontaneous rupture of membranes at 32 weeks gestation. Her blood results show leukocytosis and her C-reactive protein is elevated. The consultant obstetrician discusses the option of immediate delivery. The mother expresses her concerns about premature birth and the complications that may arise.

What disease is associated with dermatitis herpetiformis?

Ohn, a 35-year-old man presents to the emergency department complaining of excruciating pain in his left big toe. His first MT joint seems swollen hot and red. He appears to be bitting his nails and banging his head against the wall. His carer reassures you that this is his 'normal' behaviour. Joint aspiration reveals negative birefringent needleshaped crystals (Pic 6). His past medical history includes learning disability, depression and asthma. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Microscopically, a breast lesion is composed of dense collagenous stroma containing small nests and rows of cells that form rudimentary acinar structures. The cells are round or polygonal and contain hyperchromatic nuclei. Occasional mitoses are present. At the margins of the lesion nests of cells infiltrate fibroadipose tissue. The description applies to:

- A 3-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother after the child has been having a fever and has been very irritable since last night. The child has a temperature of 39.4°C, and the emergency doctor notices that the child has a red tongue and cracked lips. On examination cervical lymph nodes are enlarged. After noticing that the child's palms and soles are erythematous, the emergency doctor calls the pediatrician on call, and they make a decision to begin treatment. Which of the following is the severe complication if this patient is not treated appropriately on time?

Exposure to which of the following gives rise to Pleural Plaque

The following are features of Sickle Cell Disease except

- Which of the following colorectal polyps has the highest risk of malignant degeneration?

Which of the following antibodies are of most use for the diagnosis of pernicious anemia :

A 62-year-old male presents with a 2-month history of symptoms of fatigue and dyspnoea. The patient is visibly jaundiced and on abdominal examination you notice the spleen is palpable. Blood tests reveal positive coombs test. An antibody specificity test is requested and a diagnosis of cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia is made. Which immunoglobulin is most likely mediating this?

Which type of small vessel vasculitis is characterized by eosinophil-rich granulomatous inflammation involving the respiratory tract and is associated with asthma and blood eosinophilia with sparing of the kidneys?

A 66-year old female, nonsmoker, presented with chronic cough, weight loss, occasional chest pain and dyspnea. Chest x-ray revealed a single nodular density at the periphery of R middle lobe along with pleural effusion, blunting the R costodiaphragmatic recess. The most likely diagnosis is:

A 44-year-old man presents with the sudden onset of severe right upper quadrant (RUQ) abdominal pain, ascites, tender hepatomegaly, and hematemesis. An ultrasound shows thrombosis of the hepatic veins. What is the best diagnosis?

The following features are true in Von Wilbrand Disease except

Which of the following is the most likely cause of the clinical combination of increased blood pressure, edema, slight proteinuria, hematuria, and red blood cell casts in the urine?

A 59-year-old man is found to have a 3.5-cm mass in the right upper lobe of his lung. A biopsy of this mass is diagnosed as a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Workup reveals that no bone metastases are present, but laboratory examination reveals that the man's serum calcium levels are 11.5 mg/dL. This patient's paraneoplastic syndrome is most likely the result of the ectopic production of which of the following substances?

A 40-year-old Caucasian male complains of food "sticking" in his throat. He also experiences nocturnal regurgitation and cough. On barium swallow, the esophagus is dilated, with a narrowing of the distal esophagus that has been likened to a "bird's beak" Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's complaints?

The following are features of Crohn's Disease EXCEPT:

The most common breast lesion in women is

A 45-year-old woman presents to her family physician with knee and finger pain. She has no significant past medical history and is otherwise fit and well. Her mother was recently diagnosed with osteoarthritis. She is worried that her pain is most likely due to her osteoarthritis. She study physiotherapy in University but never got around to working because of family commitments. On examination, her knee and fingers are tender, consistent with muscular pain. The physician explains that at her age, and without any significant risk factors, her pain is unlikely due to osteoarthritis and that there are other signs that are often seen in osteoarthritis. She requests to know more about these signs. Which one of the following is the the sign that can be seen in osteoarthritis?

A 45-year-old man presents with abdominal painand hypertension. On physical examination, he is found to have an abdominal mass. Further workup confirms the diagnosis of adult polycystic kidney disease. Which of the following vascular complications is associated with this condition?

Most common type of cancer arising from the distal 1/3 of esophagus?

- A 27-year-old woman complains of double vision and drooping of her eyelids. She also states that she has recently noticed weakening of her jaws when chewing tough foods. Physical examination reveals mild weakness of her facial and neck muscles but no atrophy is noted. Which of the following diagnoses is most likely?

You are a doctor working on the cardiology ward. A 45-year-old inpatient was admitted after presenting syncope and dyspnoea. He has recently come back from his echocardiography. The report states there is pedunculated mass (PIC 2). What is the most likely primary tumour that this patient will have?

A 5 month old child is being evaluated for recurrent urinary tract infections. Local examination revealed abnormally located meats (PIC 5). The most likely diagnosis isالصوره بالملف

A 19-year-old man presented to his family physician complaining of diarrhea for the past two months. He reports the diarrhea as being bloody on only a few occasions. The patient denies any recent foreign travel and does not have any history of gastrointestinal problems. Upon examination, the doctor notices some ulcers in the mouth of the patient along with a few nodular rash on the patient's back. A referral is made to the gastroenterology clinic and a colonoscopy reveals widespread inflammation with skip lesions. A biopsy is taken, and the results show transmural inflammation along with lymphoid aggregates and non-caseating granulomas. Based on these findings, which one of the following correctly describes the patient's condition?

40 year old male patient presented with repeated episodes of bloody stools. Workup and evaluation revealed multiple superficial broad based ulcers, with diffuse inflammation limited to the colon, biopsy revealed inflammation limited only to the submucosal area, which of the following is the most likely condition?

A 19-year-old footballer presents to you complaining of lower back and shoulder pain. He describes how he has been experiencing increased back stiffness over the last few months and this has got worse. On further questioning and examination, you discover he is also suffering from enthesitis of the Achilles tendon. You suspect a diagnosis and wish to confirm this. Which of the following antigen's presence would confirm a diagnosis?

A 33-year-old man comes to see you because of several episodes of hemoptysis and dyspnea during the last 2 weeks. Physical examination reveals hypertension and edema. You order some laboratory tests and the results indicate an iron-deficiency anemia, hematuria, and proteinuria with BC casts. At this point you strongly suspect that he has which of the following diseases?

A patient with hemoptysis and renal failure has a renal biopsy which reveals crescentic glomerulonephritis, with linear deposits of IgG and C3 on immunofluorescence. What is the probable diagnosis?

A 25-year-old woman presents with the new onset of severe intermit tent pain in her fingers that developed shortly after she recovered from mycoplasma pneumonia. She states the pain occurs when she goes outside in the cold, at which time her fingers turn white and then become numb. Laboratory evaluation finds the presence of an IM autoantibody that is directed against the I-antigen found on the surface of her red blood cells. Based on these clinical findings, the diagnosis of Raynaud phenomenon is made. Which of the following disorders is most likely present in this individual?

A 23-year-old healthy man has been unable to father a child. He and his wife have a workup for infertility. His wife's reproductive function is normal. On physical examination both his testes are palpable in the scrotum and the testes and scrotum are normal in size, with no masses palpable. However, the spermatic cord on the left has the feel of a 'bag of worms'. Laboratory studies show oligospermia. Which of the following conditions is this man most likely to have?

A 4-year-old boy is brought for evaluation o (microphone emoji) acute vomiting and lethargy shortly after attending a birthday party. He had several bouts of vomiting in the past, usually after consuming milk or milk products. On exam, hepatomegaly and jaundice are noted. What Is the Most Likely Diagnosis?

Reed Sternberg cells are seen in :

Which of the following types of vasculitis is highly associated with c-ANCA or the antibodies against proteinase-3?

After recovering from a viral respiratory tract infection, a 23-year-old woman presents with weakness in her distal extremities that rapidly ascends to involve proximal muscles. Physical examination reveals absent deep tendon reflexes, and a lumbar puncture reveals the SF protein to be increased, but very few cells are present. A biopsy of a peripheral nerve reveals inflammation and demyelination (radiculoneuropathy). Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?