Psychobiology 1
The brain and the spinal cord form the
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Which of the following is false?
Nerve impulses travel at the speed of light
Some people are incapable of feeling pain
Testosterone is made by both males and females
More people die each year from the use of legal drugs than from illegal drugs
The idea that we can understand complex systems by looking at their simpler constituent parts is known as
Reductionism
Causality
Correlation
Fractionation
The peripheral nervous system has___components
Four
One
Two
Three
Which neurological disease(s) is/are least prevalent in the United States
Epilepsy
Huntington's and parkinson's diseases
Alzheimer's disease
Stroke
The efferent nerves of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) go to
Cranial nerves
Various organs of the body
Voluntary muscles
The brain
In humans, about __% of the brain is used during routine, day-to-day activities
100
10
50
25
The process by which an individual changes over the life span is called
Phrenology
Ontogeny
Phylogeny
Reductionism
The somatic nervous system includes the
Sensory pathways
Autonomic nervous system and the spinal nerves
Cranial nerves and the spinal nerves
Peripheral nervous system
What would be the consequence for a patient with damage to the eighth cranial nerve
An inability to chew
Blindness
An inability to speak
Impaired balance
Which of the following is false
Contrary to common assumptions, sleepwalkers are not acting out dreams
There are anatomical differences in the brains of men versus women
Once our brains have developed, they cannot grow new nerve cells
Dogs can detect color
The human brain contains nearly
100 billion neurons
100 billion circuits
100 million glial cells
100 billion synapses
Which type of cell is responsible for the myelination within the central nervous system
Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Microglial cells
Schwann cells
The early nineteenth-century field of___claimed to discern an association between personality traits and specific bumps on the skull
Ontogeny
Phrenology
Dualism
Epigenetics
The neuron doctrine
Is not supported by modern neuroimaging techniques
Proposed that neurons are not functionally independent
Proposed the existence of synaptic contacts between neurons
Was refuted by the great neuroanatomist Ramon y Cajal
Which of the following represents the most common sequence of information flow through a neuron
A cell body>axon>axon hillock>axon terminal
Dendrite>cell body>axon>axon hillock
Dendrite>cell body>axon hillock>axon
Dendrite>axon terminal>cell body>axon
___axons relay information to the brain
Projection
Dorsal root
Efferent
Afferent
Which term describes the capacity of the nervous system to change in response to experience
Molding
Neuroplasticity
Neurogenesis
Neuropathy
The electrical impulse that stimulates neurotransmitter release, thereby transmitting information to other neurons, arises in the
Dendritic spine
Axon hillock
Dendrites
Axon terminal
Dendrites are
The conduction zone of a nerve cell
The input zone of a nerve cell
Small interneurons
A type of glial cell
What kind of information is carried by the ventral roots of the spinal cord
Sensory information from muscles and skin
Pain information
Both motor and sensory information
Motor information to muscles
Which of the following statements is true
Sacral cross sections are larger than thoracic cross sections
Dorsal roots are motor, and ventral roots are sensory
The spinal cord does not have meningeal support
Gray matter is the center of the spinal cord, and white matter surrounds it
What is the Hebbian phrase that explains how neuronal connections are strengthened?
Neurons that fire together wire together
Synaptic vesicles
Eventually fuse with the neural membrane
Are found in the postsynaptic membrane
Capture and react to neurotransmitters such as dopamine and glutamate
Are released by axon terminals in response to a neural impulse
The notion of dualism as proposed by Descartes states that
Humans have a common nonmaterial soul and a material body that are not the same
Science and the church are one and the same
Humans have a nonmaterial soul and a material body that are one in the same
The mind and the brain are one and the same
Which of the following statements is true
Multipolar neurons can have many dendrites and many axons
Some interneurons lack a nucleus
Unipolar neurons are especially common in the visual system
All neurons have the same four functional zones
The output zone of the neuron is the
Soma
Axon
Dendrites
Axon terminal
Which term below refers to structures that are found on opposite sides of the body
Parasagittal
Contralateral
Ipsilateral
Bilateral
The gaps between segments of myelin are known as
Neural nodes
Nodes of Ranvier
Neuromuscular junctions
Synaptic clefts
___ neurons gather information from the environment related to light, odors, and contact of our skin with objects
Motor
Relay inter-
Inter-
Sensory
The brain and spinal cord are wrapped in protective membranes known collectively as the
Meninges
Pia mater
Myelin
Dura mater
The___system is that portion of the nervous system that lies outside of the brain and spinal cord
Somatic nervous system
Automatic nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Central nervous system
The___mediates the inflammatory reaction that follows brain damage
Astrocyte
Dendrocyte
Phagocyte
Microglia
Which of the following statements about glial cells is false
They are important for providing structural support for neurons
They regulate the chemical content of the extracellular space of surrounding neurons
They are found outside the nervous system
Some types of glia are responsible for myelinating axons
Biology psychology
Spans several scientific disciplines
Is not concerned with the treatment of behavioral problems
Is concerned with how the functioning of the brain (not its structure) underlies its behavior
Is concerned with human behavior rather than animal behavior
The major function of Schwann cells is
Transmission of nutrients to neurons
Myelination of axons in the brain
Myelination of peripheral nerve fibers
Scavenging of cellular debris
Which of the following is not a consequence of parasympathetic activation
Increased salivation
Dilation of blood vessels in the skin
Increased heart rate
Increased digestion
Axon terminals
Are found within synaptic vesicles
Are specialized synapses occurring on muscles
Synapse onto other cells
Are protrusions occurrign along the length of dendrites
The reason that sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems have different effects on the organs is because
They work in opposition to each other
They release different neurotransmitters
They are controlled by different brain regions
They innervate different organ systems
Galen's views about the bodily origins of behavior were based on his observations of
The effects of heart injuries on behavior
The ventricular systems of humans and animals
The effects of head injuries in gladiators
Spinal reflexes
Which of the following glial cells interact with blood vessels
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Stellate cells
Microglial cells
Which of the following cranial nerves is not involved in the control of eye movement
Oculomotor
Trigeminal
Trochlear
Abducens
Studies of identical twins in which one twin has schizophrenia have revealed a relationship between schizophrenia and the enlargement of the
Cerebral ventricles
Pineal gland
Cerebral arteries
Anterior cingulate
For every 100 people across the world today, about___have some form of a neurological or psychiatric illness
10
20
50
75
The process of___refers to the production of new neurons
Mutagenesis
Apoptosis
Mitogenesis
Neurogenesis
Moving from the base of the brain to the tailbone, what are the respective segments of the spinal cord to which spinal nerves attach
Cervical, sacral, thoracic, coccygeal, lumbar
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
Lumbar, sacral, cervical, thoracic, coccygeal
Lumbar, cervical, sacral, coccygeal, thoracic
The vast majority of neurons in the brain are classified as
Bipolar neurons
Interneurons
Motoneurons
Sensory neurons
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