Healthcare cardiovascular sytem

What is the function of the Cardiovascular system

Transports nutrients, gases and wastes around body

Transports nutrients, oxygen, and hormones around body

Transports, nutrients, proteins, and waste around body

Transports minerals, oxygen, and hormones around body

What are the components of blood

Transports oxygen wastes and hormones.

Regulates body temperature, pH, and fluid volume

Prevents infection and blood loss

Transports nutrients, waste, and gases

Regulates blood levels, pH and fluid matrix

Prevents blood loss and clotting

What are the components of blood, check all that apply

Blood is a connective tissue made of cells suspended in a fluid matrix.

The suspended cells are known as formed elements.

The fluid matrix is known as plasma.

Blood is a fibrous tissue made of fiber cells in the heart

Suspended cells are known as agranules

The fluid matrix is known as gel substance

Composition of blood: 44% plasma, 1% WBCs and Platelets, and 55% RBC (pellet)

True

False

Composition of plasma select all that apply

90% water

10% gases, salts, minerals, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste, and proteins

90% gases, salts, minerals, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste, and proteins

10% water

3 proteins in plasma are? Select all that apply

Albumin- regulates osmosis between blood and tissues

Globulins- Fights infection and transport substances

Fiborogen- used in blood clotting

Albumin- regulates osmosis between ventricles and heart

Esosphils- Kill parasitic worms ingested in food

Heme- flat molecules

What are the formed elements

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, Platelets

Plasma, Capillary, artery

Artery, capillary, veins

Leukocytes, veins, capillary

Function of RBC

Transports oxygen via hemoglobin, produced in red bone marrow

Transports Co2 via hemoglobin, produced in red bone marrow

Transports oxygen via blood vessel, produced in atriia

Transports nutrients via tissue, produced in red bone marrow

RBC struture

Biconcave for greater surface area, round sides = efficient flow through blood vessels

Excave for greater surface area, round sides = efficient flow through blood vessels

Biconcave for lesser surface area, round sides = slower flow through blood vessels

Biconcave for greater surface area, round sides = efficient flow through bloodstream

Why do RBC how no nucleus and a few organelles

So they don’t use up the oxygen while transporting it.

So they use up the Co2 while transporting it.

So they use up the oxygen while transporting it.

So they don't use up Co2 while transport it.

Oxgyen is polar therefore they must carry_____ through_______

True, Co2, blood vessel

False, oxygen, bloodstream

False, Co3, blood vessel

True, oxygen, bloodstream

Hemoglobin is a protein and have ____ chains called _____.

4, globins

3, granules

4, granules

2, globins

Flat molecules are called "Heme"

True

False

Each Iron atom can bind to ___O2 molecule. Therefore, one hemoglobin can hold ____O2 molecules.

1, 4

2, 3

4,1

2,1

3,4

WBCs function

Protect body from foreign substances and cells

Fight infection

Transports immune cells

Anchors cells in place

How do erythrocytes and Leukocytes differ select all that apply

Ery- more numerous, Leu- Less numerous

Ery- Less numerous, Leu- More numerous

Ery- No nuclei, Leu- Has nuclei

Ery- Has nuclei, Leu- No nuclei

Ery- Lives 100-120 days, Leu- Most live a few days, some live years

Ery- Most live a few days, some live years, Leu- Lives 100-120 days

Ery- confined to bloodstream Leu- Not confined to bloodstream

Ery- Not confined to bloodstream Leu- confined to bloodstream

Ery- Concentration remains constant Leu- Concentration fluctuates

Ery- Concentration fluctuates Leu- Concentration remains constant

What are the 2 categories of leukocytes and what is cell is in each

Granules- Neutrophils, basophil, Esosphil

Agranules-Neutrophils, basophil, Esosphil

Granules- Lymphocytes and monocytes

Agranules- Lymphocytes and monocytes

What is the differences between Granules and Agranules select all that apply

Gran- Has visible granules, Agran- no visible granules

Gran- No visible granules, Agran- Has visible granules

Gran- Lobe-shaped nuclei , Agran- Spherical and kidney shaped nuclei

Gran- Spherical and kidney shaped nuclei , Agran- Lobe-shaped nuclei

What are the functions of each granule and a granules

Eosinophil

Two-lobed nucleus, kill parasitic worms ingested in food, lessen allergic reaction

Monocytes

Nucleus is kidney shaped, When _________ leave the blood and enter surrounding tissues, they become macrophages(Macrophages attack and engulf viruses, parasites, and bacterial infections)

Lympphocyte

Engulfs and destroys foreign Bacteria, Most common, more are produced during infection

Basophil

Release histamines, which dilated blood vessels so other leukocytes can rush to an infection or allergen

Neutrophil

Large, spherical nuclei, mostly found in lymph nodes rather then bloodstream, types: T and B cells

What is the most common leukocyte

Neutrophils

Eosinophil

Basophil

Lymphocyte

Monocyte

What lymphocyte engulf and destroy bacteria

Neutrophils

Eosinophil

Basophil

Lymphocyte

Monocyte

What leukocyte Kills parasitic worms ingested in food

Eosinophil

Neutrophils

Basophil

Lymphocyte

What leukocyte Release histamines, which dilate blood vessels so other leukocytes can rush to an infection or allergen

Neutrophils

Eosinophil

Basophil

Lymphocyte

Monocyte

What leukocyte has T and B cells

Neutrophils

Eosinophil

Basophil

Lymphocyte

Monocyte

What leukocyte When they leave the blood and enter surrounding tissues, they become macrophages Macrophages attack and engulf viruses, parasites, and bacterial infections

Neutrophils

Eosinophil

Basophil

Lymphocyte

Monocyte

Thrombocytes are what and are made of what select all that apply

Thrombocytes= platelets

Thrombocytes= tiny fragments of cells

Thrombocytes= blood

Made of tiny fragment of cells

Made of blood

Made of platelets

The process of blood cell formation is?

Homeostatsis

Hemtapoiesis

Hemoglobin

Hemocytoblast

What forms when in red bone marrow of adults

Blood cells

Blood vessels

Cells

Tissue

Hemocytoblast is ?

When all formed elements are derived from a common stem cell

When all formed elements are added from a common stem cell

When all cells are derived from a common stem cell

When some formed elements are derived from a common stem cell

What differentiate to lymphoid stem cells creating lymphocytes, and myeloid stem cells creating all other types of blood cells

Hemocytoblasts

Hemoglobin

Hematopoiesis

Homeostatsis

How do blood cells form

Thrombopoietin

White blood cell production is stimulated

Colony stimulating factors (CSFs) and interleukins.

The stimulating factor for producing blood cells

Hormones

Platelet production is stimulated

Erythropoietin

Red blood cell production is stimulated

When a blood vessel is injured what begins the process of forming a blood clot

Platelets

Plasma

Fibers

Cells

When a blood vessel is injured, platelets begin the process of forming a blood clot what is this called

Hemostatsis

Homeostasis

Hemoglobin

Hematopoiesis

Hemostasis steps

Injured tissue release tissue factorswhich interacts with the platelets causing the production of the enzyme thrombin.

Platelets are chemically attracted to the wounded epithelium and stick together.

Blood vessel contract causing reduced blood loss at the wound

Sometimes, an abnormal clot forms within a blood vessel. This clot is called a?

Thrombus

Embolus

Platelets

Shunt

If this thrombus dislodges and floats through the blood, it is called an?

Platelet

Thrombus

Embolus

Shunt

What is an Antigen

A substance that they body recognizes as foreign

Produced by the immune system

Clumping together of the bloods

Fights and attack foreign substances

What are examples of antigen select all that apply

Protein

Peptide

Polysaccharide

Protein

Plasma

Platlet

How are antigens produced

In the presence of an antigen, the immune system will produce antigen

In the presence of an agglutination, the immune system will produce antigen

In the presence of an antigen, the nervous system will produce antigen

In the presence of an agglutination, the nervous system will produce antigen

Agglutination is what

As antibodies bind to the antigen, they clump together

As antibodies pulls away from the antigen, they clump together

As antibodies bind to the antigen, they separate together

As antibodies pulls away to the antigen, they separate together

In ABO groups Erythrocytes have many antigens on their surface, what antigens cause the most harm during blood transfusions.

ABO and Rh

T and B

ABO and T

Rh and B

A, B, AB, O

ABO Blood group

Type O

Neither A or B Antigen

Type AB

B Antigen

Type A

A and B Antigen

Type B

A antigen

Type O is called the

Universal Donor

Universal recipient

Pacemaker

Type AB is called what

Universal donor

Universal recipient

Pacemaker

Donating blood

Type B

A, AB

Type A

A, B, AB, O

Type AB

Type O

B, AB

The Rh system is determined by

The presence or absence of an Rh antigen on red blood cells.

The absence of an Rh antigen on red blood cells.

The presence of an Rh antigen on red blood cells.

Having no presence nor absence of an Rh antigen on red blood cells.

Anti-Rh antibodies are not produced immediately.

True

False

How do Rh- people form anti-Rh antibodies?

When they come in contact with Rh+ blood

When they come in contact with Rh- blood

When they come in contact with Rh- and Rh+ blood

WHat is the hollow muscular organ in between the lungs

Heart

Tummy

Atria

Ventricle

What are the layers of the heart select all that apply

Pericardium

Epicardium

Endocardium

Myocardium

Eupcardium

Mediacardium

Bicardium

Description of each heart layers

Endocardium

thin layer lining the heart chambers

Myocardium

The surface of the heart is covered with a protective layer of tissue

Pericardium

The surface of the heart is covered with a protective layer of tissue

Epicardium

thick, twisting bundles of cardiac muscle to provide contractions

What are the 2 layers of pericardium

Fibrous and serous

Parietal and visceral

Fibrous and parietal

Serous and visceral

What the function of the fibrous tissue

Anchors heart in place and protects

Provides lubricating fluid in pericardial cavity reducing the heart to friction

Provides fiber and protein

Produces lubricating fluid to increase friction

What is the serous pericardium function

Anchors heart in place and protects

Provides lubricating fluid in pericardial cavity reducing the heart to friction

Provides fiber and protein

Produces lubricating fluid to increase friction

What are the 2 cardiovascular circuits

Pulmonary and systemic

Ventricle and systemic

Pulmonary and serous

Stomach and lungs

What carries blood from heart to lungs and back and carries O2 and drops CO2

Pulmonary circuit

Systemic circuit

Atria

Ventricle

What Carries blood from the heart to the body tissues and back and drops off O2 and picks up CO2.

Systemic circuit

Pulmonary Circuit

Atria

Veins

The pulmonary circuit is attached to what blood vessels select all that apply

Pulmonary trunk/ artery

Pulmonary veins

Venae cava

Arota

The pulmonary circuit is attached to what blood vessels select all that apply

Pulmonary Trunk/ artery

Pulmonary veins

Arota

Venae Cava

What are the 4 chambers of the heart plus each of the function and location select all that apply

2 atria (singular: atrium) top, receive blood

2 atria (singular: atrium) bottom, receive blood

2 atria (singular: atrium) top, pumps blood out

2 ventricles, bottom, pump blood out

2 ventricles, top, pump blood out

2 ventricles, bottom, receive blood

Function of each structure of heart

Coronary Blood Vessels

Brings oxygenated blood from lungs

Pulmonary Arteries

Receives oxygenated blood from lungs, Covered by auricle

Inferior Vena Cava

Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up more oxygen

Superior Vena Cava

Returns blood to heart from lower body

Aorta

Provide oxygen to heart itself

Right Atrium

Receives oxygenated blood from left atrium

Right Ventricle

Tip of Heart

Apex

Receives deoxygenated blood from body tissues, Covered by auricle

Left Ventricle

Takes oxygenated blood to body tissues

Pulmonary Veins

Returns blood to heart from upper body

Left Atrium

Receives deoxygenated blood from right atrium

What are valves

Flaps of tissue prevent backward blood flow

Flaps of tissue allowing backward blood flow

Flaps of tissues preventing blood flow

Flaps of tissue preventing blood clott

What are the 2 sets of valves and what valves are on the left and Right sides select all that apply

Atrioventricular (AV) valve, R- tricuspid L- bicuspid /mitral

Atrioventricular (AV) valve, R- bicuspid/mitral L- tricuspid

Atrioventricular (AV) valve, R- pulmonary valve L- aortic valve

Atrioventricular (AV) valve, R- aortic valve L- pulmonary valve

Semilunar valve, R- tricuspid L- bicuspid /mitral

Semilunar valve, R- bicuspid/mitral L- tricuspid

Semilunar valve, R- aortic valve L- pulmonary valve

Semilunar valve, R- pulmonary valve L- aortic valve

What is the intrinsic conduction and its steps

AV node- impulses reach AV, AV pauses letting atria empty into ventricle

SA node- starts impulses causing contraction of the atria.

Bundle of His and Purkinje- Impulses continue into A V bundle and bundle branch to the purkinje fibers, contracting the ventricles sending blood out the heart

What is the relaxation of heart and filling w/ blood

Diastole

Systole

Cardiac cycle

Heartrate

What is the contraction of heart

Diastole

Systole

Cardiac cycle

Heartrate

What are the stages of diastole select all that apply

Atrial contraction

AV valves close

Isovolumetric contraction

Ejection Phase

Semilunar valves close

Isovolumetric relaxation

What are the stages of systole

Atrial contraction

AV valves close

Isovolumetric contraction

Ejection Phase

Semilunar valves close

Isovolumetric relaxation

Put the stages of the cardiac cycle in order

Ejection Phase

Isovolumetric relaxation

AV valves close

Isovolumetric contraction

Semilunar valves close

Atrial contraction

Match the functions with the cardiac cycle

Semilunar valves close

Ventricles relax with all valves closed

Isovolumetric contraction

Making first heart sound (“lub”)

Atrial contraction

Pressure in the ventricles builds until the semilunar valves open and blood is released into the blood vessels. Blood is also refilling the atria during this phase.

Isovolumetric relaxation

Ventricles fill with blood

AV valves close

Making the second heart sound (“dup”)

Ejection phase

ventricles are contracting with all valves closed

What is the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute.

Cardiac output

Heart rate

Systole

Diastole

How is Cardiac output calculated

Heart rate x stroke volume

Stroke volume x heart rate

Heartbeat x stroe volume

Blood levels x heart rate

Stroke volume can change by select all that apply

Exercise: additional blood return from muscles brings in more volume to the ventricles

Rapid blood loss: decreases blood returning to heart

Stress: sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems cause rate to increase or decrease

Hormones: epinephrine & thyroxine increase heart rate

Ions: Electrolyte imbalances affect the ability for the heart to contract

Physical factors: age, body temperature, and overall health

Heart rate can change by select all that apply

Exercise: additional blood return from muscles brings in more volume to the ventricles

Rapid blood loss: decreases blood returning to heart

Stress: sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems cause rate to increase or decrease

Hormones: epinephrine & thyroxine increase heart rate

Ions: Electrolyte imbalances affect the ability for the heart to contract

Physical factors: age, body temperature, and overall health

What are the 3 types of blood vessel select all that apply

Arteries

Veins

Capillaries

Blood

Blood vessels

Tissues

Vena Cava

Ventricle

Atria

What are the functions of blood vessels and put each in order

4.Veins

Blood exchanges gases with the surrounding tissues.

2. Capillaries

The venules collect into larger ______, which return the blood to the heart.

1. Arteries

After dropping off O2 and picking up CO2, the capillaries collect blood into larger venules.

Carry blood away from the heart, pass them to smaller arterioles and then to capillaries.

Structures of the blood vessels

Veins

Tunica intima, Tunica media, Tunica externa (tunica adventitia)

Arteries & veins

Have one cell layer, allowing for easy exchange of gases.

Capillary

Thin walls, Receive blood from tissues under low pressure

Artery

Thick walls, especially in tunica media layer, Receive blood from heart under high pressure, flexible

What is the function of each Tunica

Tunica externa (tunica adventitia)

Fibrous connective tissue to support & protect

Tunica intima

Thicker layer of muscle

Tunica media

Slippery, thin layer

What are the 3 ways of maintaining blood flow under low pressure

Muscular pumping- as muscles contract, blood is squeezed through the veins

Respiratory pumping- the expansion of the chest during inhalation causes blood in the veins to move

Valves- larger veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood

Muscular pumping- as muscles contract, blood is squeezed through the bloodstream

Breathing - expansion of the chest during inhalation causes blood in the veins to move

Venules- larger veins have valves to prevent clotting of blood

What are the 2 capillary portions

Shunt and true capillaries

Shunt and sphincters

Sphincters and true capillaries

Match each capillary structure

True capillaries

All the tiny portions that exchange gases with the tissues

Shunt

A shortcut from the artery to the vein

Sphincters

Between the arterioles and the shunt and restrict the flow of blood to the tissues

What is the function of the cardiovascular system

�Transports nutrients, gases and wastes around the body.

�Transports proteins, gases and wastes around the body.

�Transports nutrients, oxygen and hormones around the body.

�Transports minerals, oxygen and hormones around the body.

WHat are the functions of blood select all that apply

�Transports nutrients, gases and wastes around the body.

�Transports waste, oxygen and hormones around the body.

Regulates body temperature, pH, and fluid volume

Regulates body hormones, pH, and fluid matrix

Prevents infection and blood loss

Prevents disease and blood clot

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