Male reproductive system
Master the Male Reproductive System
Test your knowledge of the male reproductive system with our comprehensive quiz! This quiz consists of 20 questions that will challenge your understanding of anatomy, physiology, and the mechanisms involved in male reproduction.
Each question is designed to test various aspects of the male reproductive system, featuring:
- Detailed questions about testis and its structure
- Insights into spermatogenesis and its stages
- Information on accessory glands and their fun
ctions - Understanding of the blood-testis barrier
Interstitial tissue of testis:
Is found between seminiferous tubules
Contains lymphatic vessels
Contains endocrine interstitial gland
Epithelium contains cuboidal and columnar cells
Together with proximal part of epididymal duct make the head (caput) epididymis
Contains many macrophages
Contains fibroblasts
Contains leydig cells and mast cells
Does not contain blood vessels
Its capillaries participate in formation of blood-testis barrier
Is loose CT with fibroblast
Surrounds the surface of testis
Accessory glands in male reproductive system:
Include seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral glands
Prostate is surrounded by fibroelastic capsule rich in smooth muscle tissue
Include also spermatic cord
Only small volume of human ejaculate originates in seminal vesicles
They produce secretion
Bulbourethral glands are tubuloalveolar glands
Prostate glands are tubuloalveolar
Accessory glands in male reproductive system:
Glands of prostate are lined with columnar pseudostratified epithelium
Mucosa of seminal vesicles is lined cuboidal or pseudostratified columnar epithelium
The prostate consists of two highly tortuous tubes
Secretory parts of bulbourethral glands are lined with mucus-secreting simple columnar epithelium
Prostate surrounded by skeletal muscle
Secretion of bulbourethral glands is rich in sialoproteins
Prostate is composed of zones: central, peripheral and transitional
Testis:
In lumen of seminiferous tubules are Leydig cells located
Each lobule of testis consists 1-4 seminiferous tubules
Between the seminiferous tubules interstitial tissue is located
Each seminiferous tubule contains seminiferous epithelium
Each seminiferous tubule is surrounded by lamina propria
In lumen of seminiferous tubules are Leydig cells located
Is divided into lobules by connective tissue septa
Tunica albuginea consists of thick, dense connective tissue
Tunica albuginea is a type of stratified epithelium
Seminiferous epithelium contains one layer of germ cells (4-8)
Tunica albuginea covers each testis
Lamina propria of seminiferous tubules consists of basal lamina, myoid cells & fibroblasts
In lumen of seminiferous tubules are Sertoli cells located
Seminiferous tubules:
Is composed of seminiferous epithelium and lamina propria
Seminiferous epithelium (spermatogenic) contains germ cells and Sertoli cells
Leydig cells are located between germ cells of the epithelium
There are no blood vessels
Seminiferous epithelium is pseudostratified
Tubules are convoluted and have the form of loops
There are no lymphatic vessels in tubule
Sertoli cells of seminiferous epithelium are supporting cells
Seminiferous epithelium lies on basal lamina
Germ cells include: spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids
Its lamina propria contains myoid cells
Contains sinusoids
Spermatogonia A in man are spermatogonia stem cells
Lamina propria contains fibroblasts
Spermatogenesis:
It is the production of spermatozoa
Spermatogenesis in man lasts 74 days
In man is lasting 20 days
Spermatogonia Ad undergoes modification in spermatocytogenesis
Spermatogonia Ad are spermatogonial stem cells
Spermatid phase is morphological differentiation of spermatids into spermatozoa
Takes place in the seminiferous epithelium
Spermatocyte divided by meiosis
Spermatogenesis:
Spermatocyte phase includes meiotic division of spermatocytes
Meiosis phase starts when primary spermatocyte undergoes first meiotic division
Primary spermatocytes are the largest cells of the spermatogenic lineage
During spermiation, spermatozoa are released from the seminiferous tubules
During spermiogenesis, spermatids are divided by mitosis – no mitosis at this stage
Includes mitotic, meiotic division and spermiogenesis of germ cells
Spermatogonia Ad, Ap, and B are divided by mitosis
Takes place in testis
Spermatids undergo modification in spermiogenesis
In humans, type A dark cells spermatogonia are stem cells
Leydig cells:
Produce testosterone
Are controlled by FSH
Are haploid cells
Are located in interstitial tissue of testis
Are controlled by LH
Are derived from mesenchyme of the genital ridge
Lie between testis cords
Produce ABP
In the 5th week they begin to produce testosterone
They are interstitial endocrine gland
Leydig cells by week 8 of gestation begin production of testosterone
Blood-testis barrier:
Divides the seminiferous epithelium into 2 compartments: basal and adluminal
Is created by occluding junctions between cytoplasmic processes of Sertoli cells
Is created between the capillaries within the seminiferous epithelium
Within the basal compartment Spermatogonia and preleptotene spermatocytes are located
Within the adluminal compartment are primary and secondary spermatocytes and spermatids
Each compartment contains favorable microenvironment for germ cells
Isolates the haploid germ cells from own immunological system
Find true – male organs:
Sertoli cells are supporting cells in seminiferous epithelium
Muscularis of vas deferens is thin and composed of skeletal muscles
Seminal vesicles are reservoirs for spermatozoa
In cauda epididymis spermatozoa are stored
Caput epididymis is included in functional maturation of spermatozoa
Sertoli cells are target for LH
Sertoli cells produce DHT
Sertoli cells are target for FSH
Spermatids are divided by mitosis in spermatogenesis
Find true – male organs:
Leydig cells form interstitial tissue of testis
Prostate glands are tubuloacinar
Vas deferens is lined with stratified squamous epithelium
Prostate is a reservoir of spermatozoa
Leydig cells are supporting cells in the seminiferous epithelium
Vas deferens is lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium with sterocilia
Epididymis is lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia
Three layers of smooth muscles form vas deferens muscularis
Seminal vesicles:
Epithelium contains simple cuboidal or pseudostratified columnar cells
The only small volume of human ejaculate originates in seminal vesicles
The seminal vesicles are reservoirs for spermatozoa
Constitute 70% of human ejaculate
Ductuli efferentes:
Together with proximal part of epididymal ducts make the head of epididymis
Are included in reabsorption of rete testis fluid
Epithelium contains cuboidal and columnar cells
Columnar cells contain microvilli
Connect the channels of rete testis to the proximal portion of ductus epididymis
Connect the straight tubules to channels of rete testis
Empty into rete testis
Are lined by one type of epithelium
Sertoli cells:
Produce DHT
Produce testicular fluid
Are supporting cells in seminiferous tubules
Undergo mitosis during prenatal life
Their basal part are resting on basal lamina
Produce ABP
Are type of germ cells
Are haploid cells
Ductuli efferentes:
Concentrate of spermatozoa before entering the proximal part of epididymis
Empty into epididymis
Columnar cells of the epithelium consists of cilia
Are included in the head (caput) of epididymis
Are included in the tail (cauda) of epididymis
In man there are 10-20 efferent ductules
Sertoli cells:
Produce DHT
Produce testicular fluid
Are supporting cells in seminiferous tubules
Undergo mitosis during prenatal life
Their basal part are resting on basal lamina
Produce ABP
Are haploid cells
Are type of germ cells
Antimullerian hormone is produced by Sertoli cells
Are formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells
Sertoli cells:
Phagocytize the residual cytoplasm of spermatids
They are target cells of FSH
LH controls of sertoli cells function
Are interstitial tissue cells
Are postmitotic supporting cells
Are somatic supporting cells
Their apical part reach the lumen of seminiferous tubule
Are rich in lipid droplets (leydig)
Are part of/contribute to blood-testis barrier
Spermatogenesis is supported by Sertoli cells
Seminiferous epithelium (SE):
Contains germ cells and Sertoli cells
Spermatogonia include Spermatogonia Ad, Ap, B
Sertoli cells are supporting cells
Spermatogonia Ad in man are spermatogonial stem cells
Seminiferous epithelium is made of tall columnar cells
Epididymis:
The corpus is place of spermatozoa maturation
Is divided into head, body, tail
Epithelial cells produce ABP
In the epididymis, spermatozoa are coated by glycoproteins to mask haploid antigens on the surface of spermatoza
Each part is lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia
Ductuli efferentes are lined with columnar and cuboidal cells
Efferent ductules form part of its caput
Is an organ for functional maturation of spermatozoa
Epididymis secretes ABP
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