Exam 2019/20 Pathophys - with department answer
Pathophysiology Mastery Quiz
Test your knowledge on pathophysiology with our comprehensive quiz designed for medical students and professionals alike. This 35-question quiz covers a wide range of topics, including infections, autoimmune diseases, and neoplastic transformations.
- Understand key concepts in respiratory and cardiovascular pathologies
- Evaluate your comprehension of complex medical topics
- Prepare for exams or enhance your knowledge in the field
Infections:
Of the upper airways are usually viral
In the pulmonary interstitium are never life threatening because of the antibiotic use
. Probably play important role in pathogenesis of COPD
Of the upper airways are usually harmless
Immortalization of neoplastic cells: Select one or more:
Is absolutely necessary for development of any neoplasm
Means that every individual cell can live endlessly
Can be stopped by enzyme telomerase
Is obtained due to elongation of telomeres
In the course of hypersensitivity: Select one or more:
Type III the complement does play very important role
Type IV the key role is played by macrophages
Type I the important role is played by histamine
Type II the effector mechanism may depend ADCC reaction
Following airways pathologies develop based on corresponding hypersensitivity type: Select one or more:
Seasonal rhinitis – type III
Goodpasture syndrome – type II
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis – type I
Tuberculosis – type IV
Choose correct sentences about familial hypercholesterolemia: Select one or more:
Patients often present with tendon xanthomas
Patients are at higher risk of ischemic heart disease
Mutations causing the disease usually affect ApoE
It is an example of secondary hyperlipidemias
What are the ocular complications of uncontrolled diabetes? Select one or more:
Glaucoma
Nonproliferative retinopathy
Cataract formation
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
Possible causes of following atelectasis types are: Select one or more:
Microatelectases – surfactant deficiency
Resorption – complete obstruction of the bronchus
Compression – presence of fluid in pleural cavity
Retraction – injury to the lung in the past
Following play important role in development of corresponding list of diseases: Select one or more
Bronchial muscle spasm – bronchitis, bronchial asthma
Remodeling of bronchial wall – bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis
Loss of pulmonary interstitial elasticity – bronchial asthma, emphysema
Mucus accumulation – emphysema, bronchitis
A 50-year-old man has a 2-year history of angina pectoris that occurs during exercise. On physical examination, his blood pressure is 135/75 mm Hg, and his heart rate is 79/min and slightly irregular. Coronary angiography shows a fixed 75% narrowing of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. Which of the following types of cells is the initial target in the pathogenesis of this arterial lesion?
Smooth muscle cells
Endothelial cells
Platelets
Monocytes
A 70-year-old man takes large quantities of NSAIDs. Recently, he has had epigastric pain with nausea and vomiting and an episode of hematemesis. On physical examination, there are no remarkable findings. A gastric biopsy specimen is most likely to show which of the following lesions? Select one or more:
Helicobacter pylori infection
Acute gastritis
Crohn’s disease
Villous blunting
Choose correct sentences: Select one or more:
In phenylketonuria, ochronosis is a prominent symptom
Phenylketonuria is inherited in autosomal recessive manner
Defects in methionine metabolism cause tyrosinemia
Symptoms of albinism include whitish hair and light sensitivity
A 61-year-old man had a myocardial infarction 1 year ago. He now wants to prevent another MI and begins to exercise and changes his diet. A reduction in the level of which of the following serum laboratory findings 1 year later would best indicate the success of this diet and exercise regimen? Select one or more:
Glucose
Potassium
Renin
Cholesterol
A urine test in an undiagnosed diabetic person may show? Select one or more:
Glucose together with ketones in the urine
Glucose together with high amount of uric acid in the urine
Ketones together with glucocorticosteroids in the urine
Ketones in the urine
Which of the following are involved in atherogenesis? Select one or more:
Oxidized LDL
Macrophages
Endothelium
Smooth muscle cells
Possible forms of treatment in autoimmune diseases include: Select one or more:
Anti-inflammatory treatment
Transplantation of the damaged organs
Pharmacological immunosuppression
. „Substituting” the function of tissues and organs impaired in the course of the disease
Dermatomyositis: Select one or more:
Involves skeletal muscles and hearth muscle
Is an autoimmune disease with prevalent non organ-specific features
Is a result of type III hypersensitivity
Is a disease of most probable infectious bacterial etiology
What are the defensive forces against peptic ulceration? Select one or more:
Thick mucus lining
Duodenal-gastric reflux
Epithelial regenerative capacity
Mucosal blood flow
Neoplastic transformation can be disrupted by: Select one or more:
Immune surveillance
Inability to reduce apoptotic potential
Lethal mutation
Lack of necessary genetic alteration
Apoptosis vs. necrosis – features: Select one or more:
DNA destruction prior vs. Post cell lysis
Cells shrinking vs. swelling
Inflammation avoided vs. developing
Single cell vs. Groups of cells
Flow cytometry is designed to test cellular content of: Select one or more:
Urine
Bones
Blood
Bone marrow
Neoplastic cells can be recognized and destroyed by lymphocytes because of: Select one or more:
Presentation of atypical antigens in MHC class I molecules
Presentation of oncogenic virus antigens
Presence of inappropriate proteins, products of mutated protooncogenes
Expression of proteins characteristic for other cell types, including embryonic cells
Mast cells produce and release: Select one or more:
Histamine
IgE
Histaminase
Arachidonic acid derivates
Small electrolytes: Select one or more:
Cannot cross semipermeable barriers other than cell membranes
Do not differ neither in composition nor in concentration between intravascular and interstitial water spaces
With predominance of potassium form majority of osmotic pressure in ECF compartment
With sodium in the first place are responsible for majority of osmotic pressure in ICF compartment
Renal artery constriction: Select one or more:
Is caused mostly by atherosclerotic changes
Leads to decrease in arterial blood pressure
Is one of the causes of secondary hypertension
Causes increased renin release
.Development of the neoplasm is possible only when: Select one or more:
Cells do not have strongly immunogenic antigens
Large number of cells independently undergo identical neoplastic transformation
After neoplastic transformation cells find appropriate tissue environment
. Cells lose the ability to enter apoptosis
Antigen presentation: Select one or more:
In MHC class I may induce humoral immune response
In MHC class II usually induces cytotoxic cellular immune response
Of intracellular antigen is usually in MHC class I
May be performed by B lymphocytes, dendritic cells and melanocytes
.Choose correct sentences about celiac disease: Select one or more:
Histopathology examination usually reveals villous atrophy
It affects only adults
Symptoms include diarrhea with fat grains
Only T-cells and APC are involved in the pathogenesis of celiac disease
Choose true sentences about megaloblastic anemia: Select one or more
Is characterized by increased MCV of red blood cells
May result from folic acid deficiency
Is often caused by B12 deficiency
Develops as a consequence of iron deficiency
Asthma: Select one or more:
In advanced phase does not have any common elements with COPD
Can be mediated by mechanisms independent of IgE
In early phase of the disease resembles pneumonia
Is not a disease based on inflammation
Inflammatory processes: Select one or more:
Very seldom lead to morphologic changes in the tissues
Acute can arise only as a result of hypersensitivity type I
If chronic, usually lead to induction of autoimmune processes
Acute may not cause significant permanent damage
Flow cytometry is based on principles similar to some analytical laboratory tests such as: Select one or more:
Serum lipoproteins analysis
Urine analysis
Blood proteins analysis
Blood morphology tests
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