Blood vessels

Where an artery and a vein directly meet one another, this is known as
An arterial anastomosis
An arteriovenous anastomosis
An arteriole
A venule
If pre capillary sphincters are closed, blood will be redirected via a metarteriole through a ___ to meet the venous system
Arterial anastomosis
Venule
Thoroughfare channel
Lymphatic vessel
Roughly what proportion of the blood is in the systemic venous system
9%
20%
47%
64%
In a resting artery, how may the tunica intima appear
Rippled
Fenestrated
Concentric sheets of smooth muscle
Thick
What is an example of a vasoconstrictor
Nitric oxide
Endothelin
Natriuretic peptides
Anti-angiogenesis factor
Which vessels have internal and external elastic membranes between their tunica layers
Veins
Capillaries
Arteries
Where might a fenestrated capillary be found
Skeletal muscle
Kidney
Choroid plexus
Liver
What contributes to total peripheral resistance
Vascular resistance
Blood viscosity
The lymphatic system
Turbulence
Mean capillary pressure is
Less than 20mmHg
Around 20mmHg
Around 100mmHg
Around 200mmHg
Focal calcification is the deposition of calcium salts in the tunica media, and comes about from the
Deposition of lipids
Degradation of smooth muscle
Increase in dopamine
Overuse of the Valsalva manoeuvre
An oedema is the
Deposition of lipids in the tunica media
Bursting of the blood vessel
Pooling of blood around vein valves
Abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid
The Valsalva manoeuvre is used to check peripheral vasoconstriction by
Forcing an increase in thoracic pressure
Decreasing venous return
Forcing a decrease in thoracic pressure
Increasing venous return
Causing blood pressure in the heart to drop
Causing blood pressure in the heart to rise
What type of neurons does vasoconstriction tend to be brought about by
Cholinergenic
Nitrooxidergic
Adrenergic
Which of these causes vasoconstriction
Angiotensin II
ADH
EPO
Natriuretic peptides
Low renal blood pressure causes the release of renin, which stimulates the synthesis of
ADH
Natriuretic peptides
Angiotensin II
EPO
Angiotensin II directly causes
Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
Increased cardiac output
Increased thirst
Release of ADH
Release of aldosterone
Release of natriuretic peptides
Formation of oedemas
Natriuretic peptides are produced upon
Low oxygen concentration
High stretching of the heart walls
Low renal blood volume
Increased concentration of Na+ in blood
Roughly how much of the total blood volume is in the pulmonary system
5%
9%
14%
25%
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