Thesis

The systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of data to answer a certain question or solve a problem is called

Research

Evaluation

Assessment

Follow-up

Maternal mortality rate in a given year is defined as

Annual mother death/annual live births

Annual mother death/annual delivery

Annual mother death/annual child bearing age women

Annual mother death/annual births

The process of collection, evaluation & integration by which clinical decisions are made using research, clinical experience and patient value is defined as

Evidence based medicine

Evidence based research

Evidence based statistics

Evidence based process

The evidence based medicine (EBM) comprises of expertise, patient preference and_______

Research

Evaluation

Data

Statistics

Systematic review (SR) or meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [RCTs] is classified as evidence level of

III

Which is the lowest level of evidence?

Systematic review

Randomized controlled trials

Prospective cohort study

Expert opinion

The highest level of evidence in the evidence based medicine (EBM) is

Systematic review

Cohort study

Retrospective study

Case series

��ារស្រាវជ្រាវមានសារះសំខាន់ក្នុងការអនុវត្តផ្អែកលើភស្តុតាង (EBM) ប្រយោជន៏ធ្វើការសម្រេចចិត្តគ្លីនិកទាក់ទងនឹងការថែទាំជំងឺ។តើភស្តុតាងនៃប្រភេទស្រាវជ្រាវមួយណាដែលល្អបំផុត?

Cross-sectional study

Longitudinal study

Comparative study

Experiment study

What type of statistics is used for studies whose primary purpose is descriptive and explorative that simply to describe situations or events?

Descriptive statistics

Data statistics

Professional statistics

Inferential statistics

What type of statistics is used for studies whose primary purpose is explanatory to examine the relationships among variables?

Descriptive statistics

Data statistics

Professional statistics

Inferential statistics

��ិក្ខេបបទ ខុសពីពីធីសារគម្រោងនិក្ខេបបទ នៅផ្នែកណាមួយ?

សេចក្តីផ្តើម

��ោលបំណង

��ារពិនិត្យឯកសារវិទ្យាសាស្ត្រ

��ទ្ធផលនៃការសិក្សា

��ារស្រាវជ្រាវដែល ប្រើទិន្នន័យលេខ (numeric date) និង វិភាគដោយប្រើស្ថិតិវិទ្យា គឺជា

Quantitative (QUAN) research

Qualitative (QUAL) research

Mixed (QUAN+QUAL) research

Prospective research

��ារស្រាវជ្រាវ ដែល ប្រើទិន្នន័យមិនលេខ ៖ ជាអក្សរ សម្ពី ... និងវិភាគតាមខ្លឹមសារ(Content or theme analysis) គឺជា

Quantitative (QUAN) research

Qualitative (QUAL) research

Mixed (QUAN+QUAL) research

Prospective research

The characteristic or attribute of an individual, group, educational system that can take on different values is called

Research

Data

Variable

Value

The are two main type of variables, which are

Numeric and categorical

Data and research

Numeric and data

Categorical and research

Which of the following is the dependent variable in study of lung cancer and smoking?

Exercise

Lung capacity

Smoking

Occupation

Which of the following is an independent variable in the study of lung cancer and smoking?

Exercise

Lung capacity

Smoking

Occupation

Which one of the following variables is categorical?

Age

Sex

Height

Age of the mother in years is type of variable

Mother

Categorical

Numerical

Research

Birth Weight of baby in grams is type of variable

Birth weight

Categorical

Numerical

Research

Race (1 = White, 2 = Black, 3 = Other) is considered as

Race variable

Categorical variable

Numerical variable

Research variable

History of Hypertension with the answer 1 = hypertension, 0 = No hypertension is a type of variable

Hypertension

Categorical

Numerical

Research

Smoking status with the answer 1 = Smoking, 0 = No smoking is a type of variable

Smoking

Categorical

Numerical

Research

Number of maternal Visits During throughout pregnancy is a type of variable

Maternal

Categorical

Numerical

A study wishes to assess birth characteristics in a population. Delivery type classified as caesarean, natural or induced. Birth weights (in grams) were classified as low, normal or high. What type of variables are used in the study?

Maternal

Categorical

Numerical

Research

A study wishes to assess birth characteristics in a population to collect delivery type and birth weights. Birth weights were classified as low, normal or high (in grams) were classified as low, normal or high. What type of variables is Birth weights that are classified as low, normal or high?

Continuous

Ordinal

Nominal

Discrete

Team of investigators conducted a study on 180 medical students employing standardized questionnaire to assess hypertension prevalence and their cardiovascular disease risk factors (age, sex, salt intake and stress). The dependent variable for this study was

Stress

Hypertension

Salt intake

Sex

Number of ante-natal care visits of women was collected in one study. Which of the following variables describes the appropriate variable type for Number of ante-natal care visits of women?

Continuous

Ordinal

Nominal

Discrete

A numerical value used as a summary measure for a sample, such as sample mean or standard deviation, is known as a?

Population parameter

Sample parameter

Sample statistic

Population mean

What is the difference between a population parameter and a sample statistic?

A population parameter is only based on conceptual measurements

A sample statistic changes each time you try to measure it

A population parameter changes each time you try to measure it

A sample statistic remains fixed each time you try to measure it

Which one of the following variables is NOT categorical?

Age of a person.

Gender of a person: male or female

Choice on a test item: true or false.

Marital status of a person (single, married, divorced, other)

Survey asked people how often they exceed speed limits. The age is then grouped into two groups of age under 30 and over 30. For age Under 30, speeding counts were 100 persons and not speeding were 100 persons. The age grouping is type of

Categorical variable

Numerical variable

Group variable

Survey variable

The level of measurement that allows for the rank ordering of data items is?

Nominal measurement

Ratio measurement

Ordinal measurement

Data measurement

Labels or names used to identify attributes of elements are?

Quantitative data

Qualitative data

Simple data

Mixed data

A characteristic of interest for the elements is?

A variable

An element

A data set

An interest

Arithmetic operations are appropriate for?

Qualitative data

Quantitative data

Both quantitative and qualitative data

Neither quantitative nor qualitative data

From a sample of students in one research class, you collect the followings: the student's name, gender, weight, and their grade (as A B C D E or F) in anatomy. The variable student's gender is measured on which scale of measurement?

Nominal

Ordinal

Interval

Ratio

From a sample of students in one research class, you collect the following: the student's name, gender, and weight in anatomy. The variable student's weight is measured on which scale of measurement?

Nominal

Ordinal

Interval

Ratio

From a sample of students in one research class, you collect the following: the student's name, gender, weight, and their grade (as A B C D E or F) in anatomy. The variable student's grade (as A B C D E or F) in anatomy is measured on which scale of measurement?

Nominal

Ordinal

Interval

Ratio

Temperature, in Fahrenheit, is an example of a variable measured on the following scale:?

Nominal

Ordinal

Interval

Ratio

WHO stated that anemia is the most common public health problem in the world, affecting all ages: 50% in children under 4 and 45% among school-aged children. Koum et al., 2013 collected data on hemoglobin, age, sex, reasons for consultation, clinical signs, diagnoses. They found that prevalence of anemia was 88.5%, fever was the first reason for consultation. And malaria was the main pathology (46.3%). What type of variables shown in the results?

Categorical

Numerical

Analytical

Statistical

��្អែកលើការប្រើប្រាស់ តើការស្រាវជ្រាវ ចែកចេញ ជាអ្វីខ្លះ?

��ូលដ្ឋាន និង គុណភាព

��ុណភាព និង បរិមាណ

��ូលដ្ឋាន និង ប្រតិបត្តិ

��ូលដ្ឋាន និង បរិមាណ

��ារស្រាវជ្រាវ បែបបរិមាណវិស័យ ខុសពីការស្រាវជ្រាវបែប គុណវិស័យ ត្រង់ចំណុច ដែលការស្រាវជ្រាវ បែប បរិមាណវិស័យ៖

��ាទូទៅ មានលក្ខណះបែប ស្រាវជ្រាវ មូលដ្ឋាន

��ាទូទៅ មានលក្ខណះបែប ស្រាវជ្រាវ ប្រតិបត្តិ

��ានលក្ខណះលេខ និង រូបមន្តគណិតសម្រាប់គណនា

��ាការស្រាវជ្រាវ បែប វិទ្យាសាស្រ្ត

��ារស្រាវជ្រាវ បែប ប្រតិបត្តិ (applied research) មានន័យថា ការស្រាវជ្រាវបែបនេះ សម្រាប់៖

��ោះស្រាយ បញ្ហា

��ង្រីកចំណេះដឹង

��្វែងរក ជំនាញ

��្វែងរក បញ្ហា

Why do you need to review the existing literature?

To make sure you have a long list of references

Because without it, you could never reach the required word-count

To find out what is already known about your area of interest

To help in your general studying

To read critically means:

Taking an opposing point of view to the ideas and opinions expressed

Skimming through the material because most of it is just padding

Evaluating what you read in terms of your own research questions

Being negative about something before you read it

What is self-plagiarism?

When a person lifts material that they have previously written and pass it off as their own work

Taking about yourself too much

Using somebody else's work and passing it off as your own

An epistemological stance

What is a narrative literature review?

An historically-based review, starting with the earliest contributions to the field

A review based exclusively on stories about companies, in book and case-study form

A paraphrase style of reviewing which does not require referencing

An initial impression of the topic which you will understand more fully as you conduct your research

When accessing the internet, which of these steps is the most essential?

Recording the full URL

Noting the access dates

Downloading material to be referenced

They are all equally important

The starting point for a literature search is:

primary data.

Literature data

Secondary data.

Other data.

Researchers need to be cautious of some material, particularly material found online. Why?

It has been used before.

The authors name often does not appear.

The quality is unknown.

It is too recent.

Which one of these is likely to be peer-reviewed Journal?

The Guardian.

Woman's Own.

The Economist.

The Lancet.

Which is the major disadvantage of using peer-reviewed journals in literature reviews?

Subscription fees are high.

Information could be as old as four years.

Humans control the quality.

The information is too recent.

A literature review is best described as

A list of relevant articles and other published material you have read about your topic, describing the content of each source

An internet search for articles describing research relevant to your topic criticising the methodology and reliability of the findings

An evaluative overview of what is known about a topic, based on published research and theoretical accounts, which serves as a basis for future research or policy decisions

An essay looking at the theoretical background to your research study

Which one is best to describe a literature review?

Conducted after you have decided upon your research question

Helps in the formulation of your research aim and research question

Is the last thing to be written in your research report

Is not part of a research proposal

Which is the most reliable source of information for your literature review?

A TV documentary

A newspaper article

A peer reviewed research article

A relevant chapter from a textbook

Critical analysis means

Subjecting the literature to a process of interrogation in order to assess the relevance, authenticity and reliability of the literature together with the summarising of common thematic areas of discussion

An evaluation of past research being critical of the methodology used and describing how your methodology will be an improvement

An analysis of theoretical approaches showing how they are no longer valid according to our current state of knowledge

Looking at the way articles are structured, pointing out logical inconsistencies

A critique of the status of knowledge of a carefully defined topic is referred to as a

Research problem

Meta-analysis

Hypothesis

Literature review

A review of the literature could enable the investigator to do which of the following?

Identify interest of the publisher

Identify weaknesses in author writing

Identify promising procedures and instruments

Identify outline of an article

Why is a primary literature source more valuable to a researcher than a secondary literature source?

It reviews relevant literature.

It gives general information about a particular topic.

It synthesizes the results from a number of related studies.

It provides detailed information about all aspects of the study.

Which of the following is a source for secondary literature?

Government documents

Medical journals

Dissertations and theses

Medical books

Which one of the following statements does NOT appropriately describe the review of the literature in a QUANTITATIVE report?

It discusses each and every reference separately.

It reports the current status of the knowledge of the problem.

It provides criticism of the reviewed research.

It provides a theoretical and/or empirical rationale for the research problem.

What is the first step for literature review?

Identify research question

Review other literature reviews

Find articles on your topic

Ask your supervisor

How can you organize your literature review?

Chronologically or methodologically

By length of reviewed articles

By type of research titles

By point of review of an authors

A literature review is a written summary of the findings of a literature _______?

Review

Proposal

Summary

��្នកដឹងច្បាស់ថា ការពីនិត្យឯកសារវិទ្យាសាស្រ្តគឺចាំបំផុតក្នុងការស្រាវជ្រាវ។ ជំហានទី១ ដែលអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់សម្រាប់ការពិនិត្យឯកសារនោះ គឺ៖

��កជំនួយពីអ្នកបណ្ណាល័យ

��ំណត់ពាក្យគន្លឺះ(keyword) ឬ គំនិតគោល (concepts)

��្វែងរកក្នុងសៀវភៅ ឬ តាម internet

��កឯកសារ ដែលបានយោងក្នុងការស្រាវជ្រាវ

What is in PubMed?

The full text of biomedical journal articles

DNA and RNA sequence data

Dictionary and encyclopedia entries

Biomedical citations and abstracts

Boolean operators for PubMed are

OR CAN NOT

AND NO NOR

AND OR NOT

AND NOT NONE

Which of the following PubMed search strategies will retrieve citations on the topic of hypertension to stress or sleep?

Hypertension NOT stress OR sleep

Hypertension and stress OR sleep

Hypertension AND (stress OR sleep)

Hypertension AND (stress or sleep)

Which of the following PubMed search strategies will retrieve citations in the title of your chosen topic?

Hypertension [ti]

Hypertension [majr]

Hypertension [ab]

Hypertension [ta]

Which is the truncation symbol used for searching in PubMed?

In the text, et al. Is used for ______authors

At least 2

σ� at least 4

At least 6

At least 8

MedLine ជាប្រភេទ នៃ៖

��ូលដ្ឋាន ទិន្នន័យវេជ្ជសាស្រ្ត (database)

��ស្សនាវដ្តីវិទ្យាសាស្ត្រ (scientific journal)

��ច្ចេកវិទ្យាសាស្រ្ត (scientific technology)

��្រភពឯកសារយោង (source reference)

��ើមួយណាត្រឹមត្រូវសម្រាប់ឯកសារយោងប្រភេទ ទី១៖

��កសារយោងប្រភេទ ទី ២ អាចបកស្រាយ ទិន្នន័យខុស

��កសារយោងប្រភេទ ទី ១ ងាយរក និង ទទួលបាន

��កសារយោងប្រភេទ ទី ១រៀបចំ និងសរសេរ ដោយ អ្នកស្រាវជ្រាវផ្ទាល់

��កសារយោងប្រភេទ ទី ២ ជាឯកសារអាទិភាព ទី ១សម្រាប់ អ្នកស្រាវជ្រាវ

PubMed is free and good search engine comprising "more than 35 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books". You want to study about "complications/side effects and conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in your department.." What efficient way to search in PubMed?

(complications OR "side effects") AND conversion AND "laparoscopic cholecystectomy"

Complications/side effects AND conversion AND laparoscopic cholecystectomy

"complications/side effects" AND conversion OR "laparoscopic cholecystectomy"

"complications/side effects" AND "conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the standard treatment for acute cholecystitis with fewer complication. However, Terho et al. (2016; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27891173/) identified risk factors associated with conversion and postoperative complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis in their retrospective study. What were dependent AND independent variables for the study?

Conversion & complications AND risk factors

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy AND acute calculous cholecystitis

Conversion & complications AND retrospective study

Conversion & complications AND patients with acute calculous cholecystitis

Moon Fai Chan និង Yu-Li Zang បានបោះពុម្ភផ្សាយអត្តបទ Nurses’ level of diabetes mellitus knowledge នៅ ទស្សនាវដ្តី Clinical Nursing វ៉ូលីម 16 ការផ្សាយទី 7b និង ទំព័រ 234-242 នៅ ខែ កក្កដា 2007 យោងតាមប្រព័ន្ធ Vancouver ឯកសារនេះ ត្រូវសរសេរ៖

Chan MF, Zang Y. Nurses’ level of diabetes mellitus knowledge. J Clin Nurs. 2007 Jul;16(7b):234–242

Chan MF, Zang Y. J Clin Nurs. 2007 Jul;16(7b):234–242. Nurses’ level of diabetes mellitus knowledge

Chan MF, Zang Y. (2007 Jul). Nurses’ level of diabetes mellitus knowledge. J Clin Nurs. 16(7b):234–242

Chan MF, Zang Y. Nurses’ level of diabetes mellitus knowledge. 16(7b):234–242. J Clin Nurs. 2007 Jul.

��ម្រាប់ប្រព័ន្ធ Vancouver ឈ្មោះទស្សនាវដ្តី ដែលសរសេរត្រឹមត្រូវ សម្រាប់ Journal of Clinical Nursing គឺ៖

J Clin Nurs

Journal of Clinical Nursing

J Clinical Nursing

Journal Clin Nurs

J Clin Nurs

Journal of Clinical Nursing

J Clinical Nursing

Journal Clin Nurs

��កសារយោងChan MF, Zang Y. Nurses’ level of diabetes mellitus knowledge. J Clin Nurs. 2007 Jul;16(7b):234–242 ។ (7b) តំណាងឲ្យ៖

��េខរៀង (ordered)

��េខអីស្យូ (issue)

��េខទំព័រ (page)

��េខវ៉ូលីម (volume)

��កសារយោងChan MF, Zang Y. Nurses’ level of diabetes mellitus knowledge. J Clin Nurs. 2007 Jul;16(7b):234–242 ។ 16(7b) តំណាងឲ្យ៖

��េខរៀង ordered (អីស្យូ issue)

��៉ូលីម volume (អីស្យូ issue)

��៉ូលីម volume (ទំព័រ page)

��៉ូលីម volume (លេខរៀង ordered)

When the source has 6 or more authors, in reference list is used

Et al.

And coll

Et coll

Et other

When there are three sources: 1,3 and 5, in the text it is written as using Vancouver

[1,3,5]

[1-5]

[5-1]

[5,3,1]

The objective study for Terho et al. (2016; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27891173/) was to identify risk factors associated with conversion and postoperative complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis. What was the objective study for Terho et al. (2016)?

Analytical (inferential) objective

Quantitative objective

Qualitative objective

Which of the following will give a more “accurate” representation of the population from which a sample has been taken?

A large sample based on the convenience sampling technique

A small sample based on simple random sampling

A small cluster sample

A large sample based on simple random sampling

People who are available, volunteer, or can be easily recruited are used in the sampling method called?

Convenience sampling

Simple random sampling

Cluster sampling

Systematic sampling

In which of the following non-random sampling techniques does the researcher ask the research participants to identify other potential research participants?

Quota

Purposive

Convenience

Snowball

The type of sampling in which each member of the population selected for the sample is returned to the population before the next member is selected is called?

Sampling without replacement

Simple random sampling

Systematic sampling

Sampling with replacement

Which of the following would usually require the smallest sample size because of its efficiency?

One stage cluster sampling

Two stage cluster sampling

Quota sampling

Simple random sampling

The nonrandom sampling type that involves selecting a convenience sample from a population with a specific set of characteristics for your research study is called?

Purposive sampling

Convenience sampling

Quota sampling

Snowball sampling

Which of the following sampling methods is the best way to select a group of people for a study if you are interested in making statements about the larger population?

Random sampling

Convenience sampling

Quota sampling

Purposive sampling

Determining the sample interval (represented by k), randomly selecting a number between 1 and k, and including each kth element in your sample are the steps for which form of sampling?

Systematic Sampling

Simple Random Sampling

Stratified Random Sampling

Cluster sampling

When each member of a population has an equally likely chance of being selected, this is called:?

A probability sampling

A quota sampling

A nonrandom sampling

A snowball sampling

Which of the following techniques yields a simple random sample?

Choosing volunteers from an introductory nursing care class to participate

Listing the individuals by ethnic group and choosing participants from each group at random

Randomly selecting schools, and then sampling everyone within the school

Number all the elements of a sampling frame and then select case using random number table

Sampling in qualitative research is similar to which type of sampling in quantitative research?

Purposive sampling

Simple random sampling

Systematic sampling

Quota sampling

Which of the following types of sampling involves the researcher determining the appropriate sample sizes for the groups identified as important, and then taking convenience samples from those groups?

Quota sampling

Proportional stratified sampling

One-stage cluster sampling

Two-stage cluster sampling

Which of the following is the most efficient random sampling technique?

Simple random sampling

Cluster random sampling

Random sampling

Systematic sampling

A number calculated with complete population data and quantifies a characteristic of the population is called which of the following?

A parameter

A datum

A statistic

A population

Which of the following is a type of random sampling?

Purposive sampling

Cluster sampling

Convenience sampling

Quota sampling

Sample is a sub-set of

Population

Data

Set

Distribution

List of all the units of the population is called

Random sampling

Bias

Sampling frame

Probability sampling

Any measure of the population is called

Finite

Parameter

Without replacement

Random

If all the units of a population are surveyed, it is called:?

Random sample

Random sampling

Sampled population

Census sampling

Probability distribution of a statistics is called:?

Sampling

Parameter

Data

Sampling distribution

In probability sampling, probability of selecting an item from the population is known and is:

Equal to zero

Non zero

Equal to one

Zero

A population about which we want to get some information is called?

Finite population

Infinite population

Sampling population

Target population

Sampling of the population is called?

Parameter

Statistic

Error

Census

Sampling based upon equal probability is called?

Probability sampling

Systematic sampling

Simple random sampling

Stratified random sampling

In sampling with replacement, an element can be chosen?

Less than once

More than once

Only once

Difficult to tell

In sampling without replacement, an element can be chosen?

Less than once

More than once

Only once

Difficult to tell

Random sampling is also called?

Probability sampling

Non-probability sampling

Sampling error

Random error

Non-random sampling is also called?

Biased sampling

Non-probability sampling

Random sampling

Representative sample

Sampling error can be reduced by

Non-probability sampling

Increasing the population

Decreasing the sample size

Increasing the sample size

A Plan for obtaining a sample from a population is called

Population design

Sampling technique

Sampling frame

Sampling distribution

The difference between the expected value of a statistic and the value of the parameter being estimated is called a?

Sampling error

Non-sampling error

Standard error

Bias

The standard deviation of any sampling distribution is called?

Standard error

Non-sampling error

Type- I error

Type II-error

When a random sample is drawn from each stratum, it is known as?

Simple random sampling

Stratified random sampling

Probability sampling

Purposive sampling

In random sampling, the probability of selecting an item from the population is

Unknown

Known

Un-decided

One

When every member of a population has an equal chance of being selected for a sample

Stratified random sampling

Systematic sampling

Simple random sampling

Area probability sampling

The sampling frame is the

Strategy used to select study participants.

Population of interest, as defined through available records

Population that is accessible for study.

Technique used to recruit study participants.

Cluster sampling is often preferred to other random sampling strategies because it?

Allows you to easily identify subgroups in the population

Is more complicated than simple random sampling

Equally represents all groups in the population

Can be used when a sampling frame is not available

Stratified random sampling is the preferred strategy when?

You want to include specific subgroups in the study.

No sampling frame is available

The population is very small.

Only a part of the population is acceonly a part of the population is accessible to researchers.ssible to researchers.

Systematic sampling can produce a very biased sample when?

The population is too small.

There is a structure to the sampling frame

There is no available sampling frame

The population is too heterogeneous.

You are interested in factors that predict loyalty to sports teams. Which of the following would be an example of a purposive sampling strategy?

Put a notice in the local newspapers announcing the study.

Attend the next game of a winning professional sports team.

Obtain a directory of season ticket holders of a professional sports team.

Ask friends for referrals of sports fanatics to your study

Convenience samples are frequently used in student research because they:?

Take less time, money and effort

Are preferred by instructors.

Yield representative samples.

Are more appropriate for thesis/memoir.

Which of the following is not a type of non-probability sampling?

Snowball sampling

Stratified random sampling

Quota sampling

Convenience sampling

Snowball sampling can help the researcher to?

Access deviant or hidden populations

Theorise inductively in a qualitative study

Overcome the problem of not having an accessible sampling frame

Develop research questions easily

Which of the following is not a characteristic of quota sampling?

The researcher chooses who to approach and so might bias the sample

Those who are available to be surveyed in public places are unlikely to constitute a representative sample

The random selection of units makes it possible to calculate the standard error

It is a relatively fast and cheap way of finding out about public opinions

The findings from a study of young single mothers at a university can be generalised to the population of?

All young single mothers at that university

All young single mothers in that society

All single mothers in all universities

All young women in that university

A sampling frame is?

A summary of the various stages involved in designing a survey

An outline view of all the main clusters of units in a sample

A list of all the units in the population from which a sample will be selected

A wooden frame used to display tables of random numbers

A simple random sample is one in which?

From a random starting point, every nth unit from the sampling frame is selected

A non-probability strategy is used, making the results difficult to generalize

The researcher has a certain quota of respondents to fill for various social groups

Every unit of the population has an equal chance of being selected

Interviewing all members of a given population is called?

A sample

A poll.

A census.

A statistic

Which ONE of these sampling methods is a probability method?

Quota

Judgement

Convenience

Simple random.

Which ONE of the following is the main problem with using non-probability sampling techniques?

The expert opinion

The results are not representative

Human judgement error.

Informants can refuse to participate

Which ONE of the following is the best - but an often unused - way to decide on sample size?

By using industry standards.

By calculation.

By 'building blocks'.

By budget availabl

Which ONE of the following methods is generally used in qualitative sampling?

Random digit dialling.

Quota

Stratified random.

Simple random.

When each member of a population has an equally likely chance of being selected, this is called?

A nonrandom sampling method

A quota sample

A snowball sample

A simple random sample

Which of the following is not true about stratified random sampling?

It involves a random selection process from identified subgroups

Proportions of groups in the sample must always match their population proportions

Disproportional stratified random sampling is especially helpful for getting large enough subgroup samples when subgroup comparisons are to be done

Proportional stratified random sampling yields a representative sample

Which of the following statements are true?

The larger the sample size, the greater the sampling error

The more categories you want to make in your data analysis, the larger the sample needed

The fewer categories you want to make in your data analysis, the larger the sample needed

As sample size decreases, so does the size of the confidence interval

Which of the following sampling techniques is a probability selection method in which every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected?

Simple random sampling

Systematic sampling

Proportional stratified sampling

Cluster sampling using the PPS technique

Which of the following is not a form of nonrandom sampling?

Snowball sampling

Cluster sampling

Quota sampling

Purposive sampling

If we took the 200 people attending a school in Phnom Penh, divided them by gender, and then took a random sample of the males and the females, this dividing of the population is called?

Population

Randomization

Stratification

Sampling

In quantitative research, it is recommended by Israel (1992) to use the whole population rather than a sample when the population size is of what size?

200 or less

100 or less

1000 or less

2000 or less

Which of the following is not an example of a nonrandom sampling technique?

Purposive

Quota

Convenience

Stratified

Which of the following sampling methods is the best way to select a group of people for a study if you are interested in conclusion about the larger population?

Convenience sampling

Quota sampling

σ� Purposive sampling

Random sampling

A set of elements taken from a larger population according to certain rules.

Sample

Population

Statistic

Element

Sampling in which a sampling unit can be repeated more than once is called?

Sampling without replacement

Simple sampling

Sampling with replacement

Nonrandom sampling

Non probability form of sampling is?

Random Sampling

Non-Random Sampling

Probability Sampling

Quota Sampling

In random sampling, the probability of selecting an item from the population is?

Unknown

Known

Undecided

One

Zero

The list of all units in a population is called?

Random sampling

Sampling Frame

Bias

Parameter

Statistic

Any numerical value computed from the population is called?

Statistic

Bias

Sampling Error

Error

Parameter

The sample is a subset of?

Data

Group

Population

Distribution

Any numerical value calculated from sample data is called?

Error

Statistic

Bias

Mean

Standard Deviation

In sampling with replacement, a sampling unit can be selected?

Only once

More than one time

Less than one time

None of the above

Teacher Sopha samples her class by selecting 10 girls from 50 girls and 5 boys from 50 boys. This type of sampling is called?

Stratified

Systematic

Simple

Cluster

Which of the following is NOT part of the sampling design process?

Determining the relevant sample frame

Specifying the sampling unit.

Selection of the sampling technique

Defining of the population of the study.

Refining the research question.

Which of the following is NOT a qualitative factor that should be considered in determining the sample size?

The precision needed for the results.

The nature of the analysis.

The number of variables.

Sample sizes used in similar studies.

Which of the following is NOT true of probability sampling?

Sampling units are selected by chance as opposed to the judgement of the researcher.

Estimates are statistically projectable to the population.

It is possible to specify the probability of selecting any particular sample of a given size

The number of elements to be included in the sample set can be pre-specific

The results will always be more accurate than non-probability sampling

What is the least expensive and least time-consuming of all sampling techniques?

Snowball sampling.

Stratified sampling

Judgmental sampling.

Convenience sampling.

Simple random sampling

Which of the following are NOT criteria for the selection of stratification variables in stratified sampling?

Stratification variables should be easy to measure and apply.

Elements within a stratum should be as homogeneous as possible

The strata should be mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive so that every population element should be assigned to one and only one stratum.

Across the strata, the elements should be as heterogeneous as possible

Stratifications variables should not be closely related to the characteristic of interest.

Select all of the following statements which you believe to be tru A truly random sample of the general population would be obtained by:

Selecting an individual from every fourth house on a street.

Selecting every individual with a surname beginning with the letter S.

Allocating each individual a unique number and using a computer to randomly generate numbers for selection.

Selecting every 20th individual from a list of patients registered with a physician.

Closing your eyes and sticking a pin into a telephone directory.

Below is a list of populations and samples. Select the sample that is most likely to be representative (rather than biased) of the population from which it is drawn.

Population: Adults from a single geographic are Sample: Employees at a local factory

Population: The general population in an inner London borough. Sample: All patients registered at local physician surgeries in the same are

Population: Owners of luxury cars. Sample: subscribers to Car magazine

Population: Online shoppers. Sample: List of individuals who have web-based email.

Population: Owners of luxury cars. Sample: LEXUS owners.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of quota sampling?

Those who are available to be surveyed in public places are unlikely to be a representative sample

The random selection of units makes it possible to calculate the standard error.

It is a relatively fast and cheap way of finding out about public opinions.

The sample is subdivided into groups from which the researcher must obtain a certain number of responses.

The researcher chooses who to approach and so might bias the sample

What effect does increasing the sample size have upon the sampling error?

It maintains the sampling error, regardless of other variables.

It increases the sampling error.

It reduces the sampling error.

It has no effect on the sampling error.

It increase the sample size

Which of the following is NOT a type of non-probability sampling?

Convenience sampling.

Judgemental sampling.

Snowball sampling.

Cluster sampling

Quota sampling.

An abstract of the journal article doesn’t contain?

Methodologies

Result

Objectives

Ethical consideration

For a survey, a school is divided into 100 classes and one class sampled randomly. It is an example of:?

Simple random sampling

Stratified random sampling

Systematic random sampling

Cluster random sampling

One study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of vaccination of under-5 in Cambodia. The study randomly selected 100 villages across Cambodia. The sampling technique used was?

Simple random sampling

Stratified random sampling

Systematic random sampling

Cluster random sampling

Which is true of cluster sampling?

Every kth case is chosen for study

Involves use of random numbers

A natural geographical group is taken as sampling unit

Stratification of population is done

A researcher divides the population into three groups based on age. If the researcher then draws a random sample from each age group independently, the sampling is called?

Random

Stratified

Judgment

Group data

Quota

Stratified samples may be distinguished from quota samples because with a stratified sample, sample elements are selected?

Randomly

Judgmentally

Proportionately

Sequentially

If a researcher wishing to draw a sample from sequentially numbered invoices uses a random starting point, then draws every 50th invoice, he has thus drawn a _____ sample.?

Simple random

Sequential

Stratified

Systematic

��ាទូទៅ ទំហំសំណាកធំ អាស្រ័យលើ ៖

��្រជាជនសិក្សាធំ

��ំណេះដឹង អ្នកស្រាវជ្រាវធំ

��ម្មវិធីវិភាគ ទិន្នន័យថ្លៃ

��្នកចូលរួម បោះបង់ ការសិក្សាច្រើន

��ើមួយណា ជាចម្លើយត្រឹមត្រូវបំផុតសម្រាប់ទំហំសំណាក នៃការស្រាវជ្រាវ?

��ារសិក្សាបែប បរិមាណធំ ជាងបែប គុណភាព

��ារសិក្សាបែប គុណភាព ធំ ជាងបែប បរិមាណ

��ារសិក្សាបែប គុណភាព ស្មើនឹង បែប បរិមាណ

��ារសិក្សាបែប បរិមាណតូច ជាងបែប គុណភាព

��េចង់សិក្សា ពី ភាពចិត្ត ពេញថ្លើម របស់និស្សិត ដែលកំពុងសិក្សា ចំពោះសេវា ដែល សាលាកំពុងផ្តល់ នៅសាលា បច្ចេកទេសថែទាំ វេជ្ជសាស្រ្តយើងនេះ។ តើ នរណា ជាប្រជាជនសម្រាប់ការ សិក្សានេះ?

��ិស្សិតថ្នាក់បរិញ្ញាបត្ររង

��ិស្សិតថ្នាក់បរិញ្ញាបត្រ

��ិស្សិតទាំងអស់ ដែលកំពុងសិក្សា

��ិស្សិតកំពុងសិក្សា និង អតីតះនិស្សិត

��េចង់សិក្សា ពី ភាពចិត្ត ពេញថ្លើម របស់និស្សិត ដែលកំពុងសិក្សា ចំពោះសេវា ដែល សាលាកំពុងផ្តល់ នៅសាលា បច្ចេកទេសថែទាំ វេជ្ជសាស្រ្តយើងនេះ ដែល មាននិស្សិតសរុបចំនួយ 2000នាក់។ ទំហំសំណាកប្រសើរបំផុតសម្រាប់ការសិក្សានេះ គឺ៖

��កទាំងអស់ 2000នាក់

��កតែ 200នាក់

��ក រូបមន្ត មកប្រើ

��ក តាមថវិកា និង ពេល

��េចង់សិក្សា ពី ភាពចិត្ត ពេញថ្លើម របស់និស្សិត ដែលកំពុងសិក្សា ចំពោះសេវា ដែល សាលាកំពុងផ្តល់ នៅសាលា បច្ចេកទេសថែទាំ វេជ្ជសាស្រ្តយើងនេះ ដែល មាននិស្សិតសរុបចំនួយ 2000នាក់។ឧទាហរណ៏ថា ភាព ពេញ ចិត្ត នៃការមារសិក្សា មុន មាន p=40% ហើយ ដោយយក e=10% និង z=1,96 នោះទំហំសំណាក នៃការសិក្សានេះស្មើនឹង ៖

103

��ើមួយណា ជាចម្លើយត្រឹមត្រូវ សម្រាប់ទំហំសំណាក?

��ាទូទៅ ទំហំសំណាកធំ នៅពេល ប្រជាជនសិក្សាធំ

��ំហំសំណាកធំ សម្រាប់សំណាកបែប ប្រូបាប៊ីលីតេ

��្រជាជនមានលក្ខណះដូចគ្នាច្រើន ទំហំសំណាកកាន់តែធំ

��ំហំសំណាក ងាយកំណត់ បំផុត

��ំហំសំណាកសម្រាប់ការសិក្សាបែប គុណភាព តូច ព្រោះតែ ៖

��ារវិភាគទិន្នន័យលំបាន និង ប្រើពេលយូរ

��្នកស្រាវជ្រាវ នឹង ទទួលព័ត៏មានដដែលៗ ពី អ្នកចូលរួម

��ារសិក្សាបែប គុណភាព មានទំហំសំណាកតូចតែម្តង

��ារសិក្សាភាគច្រើនទាកទងនឹង បទពិសោធន៏ នៃជីវិត

��ើមួយណាត្រឹមត្រូវ សម្រាប់គណនាទំហំសំណាក នៃសម្រាមាត្រទោល៖

N=(z/e)² 1(1+p)

N=(z/e)² p(1*p)

N=(z/e)² p(1-p)

N=(z/e)² p(p-1)

��ើមួយណាត្រឹមត្រូវសម្រាប់គណនាទំហំសំណាកសម្រាប់សមាមាត្រ ដែកមិនដឹងពី សមាមាត្រ (unknown p) នៃប្រជាជន៖

N=(z/e)² 0.25

N=(z/e)² 0.35

N=(z/e)² 0.15

N=(z/e)² 0.45

��ើមួយណាត្រឹមត្រូវ សម្រាមាត្រនៃប្រជាជន (unknown p) ហើយសន្មត 95% នៃការជឿ ជាក់z=1,96 និង កំហុសបទដ្ធាន e=5% នោះទំហំសំណាក n សើ្មនឹង ៖

384

374

394

364

Which of the following formulae is used to include participants in the original sample size for compensating non-response?

The original sample size - Proportion likely not respond

The original sample size + Proportion likely respond

The original sample size + Proportion likely not respond

The original sample size - Proportion likely to respond

��្រសិនបើអញ្ញត្ត e និង z ថេរ សម្រាប់ រូបមន្តទំហំសំណាកសមាមាត្រ តើ p មួយណាដែលធ្វើ ឲ្យទំហំសំណាក n ធំបំផុត?

P=30%

P=50%

P=70%

P=90%

��ម្រាប់ 95% នៃចន្លោះការជឿជាក់ (95% CI) z ស្មើនឹង ៖

1.96

1.76

1.86

1.66

��ើកំហុសបទដ្ធាន (sampling error--e) មួយណា ដែលឲ្យទំហំសំណាកតូចបំផុត ប្រសិនបើអញ្ញត្ត z និង p ថេរ៖

��្នុងការសិក្សា គេរំពឹងថា មាន អ្នកចូលរួម 20% នឹង មិនចូលរូម ក្នុងការសិក្សានេះទេ ។ ក្នុងករណីបែបនេះ គប្បី៖

��ន្ថែម អ្នកចូលរួម 20% លើទំហំសំណាក ដើម

��ក អ្នកចូលរួម 20% ពី ទំហំសំណាកថដើម

��ន្ថែម អ្នកចូលរួម 20នាក់ លើទំហំសំណាក ដើម

��ក អ្នកចូលរួម 20នាក់ ពី ទំហំសំណាក ដើម

��ើមួយណាត្រឹមត្រូវ សម្រាប់ រូបមន្តទំហំសំណាបែប មធ្យមភាគទោល៖

N=(zs/e)²

N=(ze/s)²

N=(es/z)²

n=(z/es)²

��ើមួយណា ជាការជ្រើសរើស សំណាកប្រសើរបំផុត?

��ារជ្រើសរើស តំណាងអង្កេត តាមប្រូប៊ីលីតេ

��ជ្រើសរើស តំណាងអង្កេត មិន តាមប្រូប៊ីលីតេ

��ារជ្រើសរើស តំណាងអង្កេតចៃដន្យធម្មតា (Simple Random Sampling)

��ារជ្រើសរើស តំណាងអង្កេត តាមរបៀប ងាយ (convenience)

��ារជ្រើសរើស តំណាងអង្កេត ជារបៀបប្រូប៊ីលីតេ (Probability Sampling) បានសេចក្តីថា ឯកតា(elements)នីមួយៗ មានសំណាង (probability)៖

��ន្លោះ -1 ទៅ +1

��្មើគ្នា

��ូលរួម

��ាក់លាក់

��្នកប្រើរើសសំណាកស្រទាប់ (proportionate stratified sampling) ចំនួន ១០០ នាក់ ដែល មាន ភេទាប្រុស 30% និង ស្រី 70% នៃសំណាកទាំងមូល ។ ដូចនេះ ស្រទាប់នីមួយៗ នៃសំណាកនេះ មាន៖

��្រុស 70 និង ស្រី 30

��្រុស 60 និង ស្រី 40

��្រុស 50 និង ស្រី 50

��្រុស 30 និង ស្រី 70

��ំណាកស្រទាប់ (Stratified Random Sample) ជាប្រភេទ នៃការជ្រើសរើស សំណាក បែប៖

��ិនប្រូបាប៊ីលីតេ

��មាមាត្រនឹង ប្រជាជន (PPS)

��្រូបាប៊ីលីតេ

��ង្កោម មានច្រើន ដំណាក់កាល (multi-stage cluster sampling)

��ារជ្រើសរើស សំណាកចៃដន្យសាមញ្ញ (Simple Random Sample) ជាប្រភេទ នៃការជ្រើសរើសសំណាក បែប ៖

��្រូបាប៊ីលីតេ

��ិនប្រូបាប៊ីលីតេ

��ង្កោម

��ាប្រព័ន្ធ

��ំណាកចង្កោម (Cluster sampling) ជាប្រភេទ នៃការជ្រើសរើស សំណាកបែប ៖

��្រូបាប៊ីលីតេ

��ិនប្រូបាប៊ីលីតេ

��ាយ convenience

បណ្តាញ snowball

��ំណាក ជាប្រព័ន្ធ (Kth sampling) ជាប្រភេទ នៃការជ្រើសសំណាក បែប ៖

��្រូបាប៊ីលីតេ

��ិនប្រូបាប៊ីលីតេ

��ាយ convenience

��្រព័ន្ធ systematic

��ំណាកគោលដៅ (Purposive sampling) ជាប្រភេទ នៃការជ្រើសរើស សំណាក បែប ៖

��្រូបាប៊ីលីតេ

��ិនប្រូបាប៊ីលីតេ

��ង្កោម cluster

��ណ្តាញ snowball

��ំណាក ងាយ (Convenience sampling) ជាប្រភេទ នៃការជ្រើសរើស តំណាងអង្កេត ៖

��បៀបប្រូបាប៊ីលីតេ

��បៀប មិនប្រូបាប៊ីលីតេ

��ំណាកចៃដន្យសាមញ្ញ (SRS)

��្រព័ន្ធ (Systematic sampling)

��្នកស្រាវជ្រាវ បានជ្រើសរើស អ្នកចូលក្នុងការសិក្សារាល់ទី ១០ ពី បញ្ជីប្រជាជនសិក្សា ចំនួន១០០នាក។ តើការជ្រើសរើស សំណាកនេះ ជាប្រភេទអ្វី?

��ំណាកកូតា quota sampling

��ំណាកចង្កោម cluster sampling

��ំណាកចៃដន្យធម្មតា simple random sampling

��ំណាកប្រព័ន្ធ systematic sampling

��្នកស្រាវជ្រាវ បានសរសេរឈ្មោះប្រជាជនក្នុងប្រអប់បន្ទាប់មកគាត់ចាប់យក អ្នកចូលរួមម្តងមួយៗ រហូតគ្រប់ចំនួនសម្រាប់ការសិក្សាគាត់ ។ តើការជ្រើសរើសសំណាកនេះ ជាប្រភេទ អ្វី?

��ំណាកកូតា quota sampling

��ំណាកចង្កោម cluster sampling

��ំណាកចៃដន្យធម្មតា simple random sampling

��ំណាកប្រព័ន្ធ systematic sampling

��្នកស្រាវជ្រាវ បានចែកប្រជាជនសិក្សាដែលមានលក្ខណះដូចគ្នាជាក្រុមបន្ទាប់មកគាត់ចាប់យកអ្នកចូលរួមពី ក្រុមនីមួយៗតាមបែបសំណាកងាយ(convenience sampling)។ តើការជ្រើសរើសសំណាកនេះ ជាប្រភេទអ្វី?

��ំណាកកូតា quota sampling

��ំណាកចង្កោម cluster sampling

��ាកចៃដន្យធម្មតា simple random sampling

��ំណាកប្រព័ន្ធ systematic sampling

��ាពខុសគ្នានៃសំណាកស្រទាប់ពីសំណាកកូតាគឺនៅត្រង់ថាសំណាកស្រទាប់ជ្រើសរើសអ្នកចូលរួមតាមបែប ៖

��្រូបាប៊ីលីតេ

��ិនប្រូបាប៊ីលីតេ

��ំណេះដឹង

��ារស័្មគ្រ ចិត្ត

��្នកស្រាវជ្រាវ បានអញ្ជើញ អ្នកជំនាញផ្នែកជំងឺឆ្លងដើម្បីផ្តល់យបល់ ពីការការពារជំងឺផ្តាសាយបក្សីនៅកម្ពុជា។ តើការជ្រើសរើសនេះជាសំណាកអ្វី?

��្រទាប់ stratified

��ង្កោម cluster

��ាយ convenience

��ាមបំណង purposive

��្នុងការសិក្សាមួយស្តីពីសារះសំខាន់់អំពីអាហារពេលព្រឹកគេបានប្រមូលទិន្នន័យប្រជាសាស្រ្តមាន៖ ក្រុម អាយុ ភេទ សាសនា និង មធ្យមភាគ នៃចំណូចប្រចាំឆ្នាំ ។ ទិន្នន័យជំពូកសម្រាប់ការ សិក្សានេះ គឺ៖

��ំណូនប្រចាំឆ្នាំ ជាមធ្យម និង ភេទ

��េទ សាសនា ក្រុម អាយុ

��េទ សាសនា និង ចំណូលប្រចាំឆ្នាំ ជាមធ្យម

��្រុម អាយុ និង ចំណូលប្រចាំឆ្នាំ ជាមធ្យម

��្នុងការសិក្សាមួយស្តីពីសារះសំខាន់អំពីអាហារពេលព្រឹកគេបានប្រមូលទិន្នន័យសម្រាប់អថេរមួយចំនួនមាន៖ក្រុម អាយុ ភេទ សាសនា និងចំនូលប្រចាំឆ្នាំ ជាមធ្យម ។ ទិន្នន័យលេខ សម្រាប់ការសិក្សានេះគឺ

��ំណូលប្រចាំឆ្នាំ ជាមធ្យម

��េទ សាសនា ក្រុម អាយុ

��េទ សាសនា

��្រុម អាយុ និង ចំណូលប្រចាំឆ្នាំ ជាមធ្យម

��ារសិក្សាមួយប្រមូលទិន្នន័យអំពី ចំណាត់ថ្នាក់នៃពិន្ទុ ABCDEF ។ អថេរនេះ ជាប្រភេទ ៖

��ូមីណាល់

��ំពូក

��ំដាប់

��េខ

��្នកជ្រាវជ្រាវចង់រកទំនាក់ទំនង នៃការជក់បារីនឹងមហារីសួតចំពោះអ្នកជំងឺ អាយុលើស65ឆ្នាំ។ មួយណាជាអថេរឯករាជ្យ នៃស្រាវជ្រាវនេះ?

��្នកស្រាវជ្រាវ

��ំងឺ អាយុ លើស 65ឆ្នាំ

��ារជក់បារី

��ហារីកសួត

��ារស្រាវជ្រាវមួយបង្ហាញការលើសទម្ងន់ (BMI) មានទំនាកទំនង ទៅនឹងជំងឺ លើសសម្ពាធឈាម តើមួយណាជាអថេរចំណុះ (មិនឯករាជ្យ) នៃស្រាវជ្រាវនេះ?

��ារលើសទម្ងន់

��ើសសម្ពាធឈាម

��ំនាក់ទំនង

��ារស្រាវជ្រាវ

��ារស្រាវជ្រាវមួយបង្ហាញការលើសទម្ងន់ (BMI) ទៅនឹងជំងឺលើសសម្ពាធឈាម តើមួយណា ជាអថេរឯករាជ្យនៃស្រាវជ្រាវនេះ?

��ារលើសទម្ងន់

��ើសសម្ពាធឈាម

��ំនាក់ទំនង

��ារស្រាវជ្រាវ

��ារស្រាវជ្រាវមួយបង្ហាញការលើសទម្ងន់ (BMI) ទៅនឹងជំងឺលើសសម្ពាធឈាម ។ ការលើសទម្ងន់ចែកជាពីរក្រុម ( ទម្ងន់ធម្មតា និង លើស ) ហើយសម្ពាធឈាមចែកជាពីររក្រុមដែរ(សម្អាធឈាម ធម្មតា និង លើស) ។ ការលើសទម្ងន់ និង លើសសម្ពាធឈាម ជាថេរ

��េខគត់

��េខទសភាគ

��ូមីណាល់

��ករាជ្យ

��ើមួយណាជាភាពខុសគ្នារវាងសំណួរបិទនិងសំណួរបើកបិទ?

��ំណួរ បិទ និងសំណួរបើកបិទ មិនខុសគ្នាទេ

��ំពេាះសំណួរបើកបិទ អាចបំពេញដោយសេរី

��ំពេាះសំណួរបើកបិទ ជ្រើសរើស ចម្លើយមួយ ឬច្រើន

��ំណួរបិទ មិនសូវបានគេប្រើទេ

��ើមួយណាជាគុណសម្បត្តិ នៃសំណួរបិទ?

��ំណួរបិទ ងាយវិភាគទិន្នន័យ

��ំណួរបិទលំបាកវិភាគទិន្ន័យ

��ំណួរបិទ មានចម្លើយចេញ មកដោយឯកឯង

��ំណួរបិទ អាចទួទលបានព័ត៏មានថ្មីលើសអ្វីគ្រោងទុក

��ើលក្ខណះសម្បត្តិនៃកម្រងសំណួរល្អមានអ្វីខ្លះ?

��ានសុពលភាពនិងអាចទុកចិត្តបាន

��ានសុពលភាព និងត្រឹមត្រូវ

��ានភាព ត្រឹមត្រូវនិងអាចទុកចិត្តបាន

��ានសុពលភាពនិងភាព គ្មានលំអៀង

��្នកស្រាវជ្រាវសិក្សាពីបទពិសោធន៏ម្តាយចំពោះការបំបៅដោះកូន ហើយគាត់ជ្រើសរើសឳពុកមកសម្ភាសសួរអំពីបទពិសោធន៏នេះ។ តើមួយណានៃចម្លើយខាងក្រោមសមស្របបំផុត?

��ារសិក្សា មានសុពលភាព (Valid)

��ារសិក្សាគ្មានសុពលភាព (not valid)

��ារសិក្សា អាចទុក ចិត្ត បាន (reliable)

��ារសិក្សា មិន អាចទុកចិត្តបាន (not reliable)

��ា ទូទៅមធ្យមភាគ អាចគណនាសម្រាប់អថេរ

��ំពូក (categorical date)

��េខ (numerical date)

��ំដាប់ (ordinal date)

��ូមីណាល់ (ordinal date)

��ារសិក្សាមួយអំពី ការហូបប្រៃនិងសម្ពាធ ។ ការហូបប្រៃជាប្រភេទនៃ អថេរ

��្រតិបត្តិ

��ិនឯករាជ្យ

��ករាជ្យ

��ាវតា

��ារសិក្សាមួយអំពីការហូបប្រៃនិងសម្ពាធឈាម ។ សម្ពាធឈាមជាប្រភេទ នៃអថេរ

��្រតិបត្តិ

��ិនឯករាជ្យ

��ករាជ្យ

��ាវតា

��ារសិក្សាមួយអំពីការហូបប្រៃនិងសម្ពាធឈាម ។ អំបិលត្រូវបានប្រមូលជាមីលីក្រាម ហោយសម្ពាធជាពីក្រុម ( សម្ពាធឈាមធម្មតានិងលើសសម្ពាធឈាម) ។ សម្ពាធឈាមក្នុងការសិក្សានេះជាប្រភេទនៃអថេរអ្វី?

��េខ ហើយ ឯករាជ្យ

��េខ ហើយ មិនឯករាជ្យ

��ំពូក ហើយ ឯករាជ្យ

��ំពូក ហើយ មិនឯករាជ្យ

In one study, each participant was randomly assigned each to walk for half an hour three times a week or to sit quietly reading a book for half an hour three times a week. At the end of a year the change in participants' blood pressure over the year was measured, and the change was compared for the two groups. This is a randomized experiment rather than an observational study because:?

Blood pressure was measured at the beginning and end of the study.

The two groups were compared at the end of the study.

The participants were randomly assigned to either walk or sit to read

A random sample of participants was use

From a sample of students in one research class, you collect the following: the student's name, gender, weight, and their grade (as A B C D E or F) in anatomy. Assuming these data were collected at the same time, it is an example of?

Cross-sectional data

Time series data

Retrospective data

Prospective data

From a sample of students in one research class, you collect the following: the student's name, gender, weight, and their grade (as A B C D E or F) in anatomy. The data would have been collected using?

An existing study

An experimental study

An observational study

An potential study

��ិធីសាស្រ្តនៃការសិក្សា មានន័យថា

��្នកចង់សម្រេចអ្វីក្នុងការសិក្សា

��្នកធ្វើការសិក្សា យ៉ាងដូចម្តេជ

��្នកពន្យល់ការសិក្សាល្អប៉ុនណាដែរ

��្នកទទួលលទ្ធផលល្អដែរ ឬទេ

��ារសិក្សាបែបសង្កេត (Observational study) មាន

��ិសោធន៏ និង វិភាគ

��ណ៍នា និង វិភាគ

��ាក់កណ្តាលពិសោន៏ និង វិភាគ

��ិសោធន៏ និង ពណ៍នា

Ethnography ជាប្រភេទ នៃ

��ារសិក្សា បែប គុណភាព

��ារសិក្សាបែប បរិមាណ

��ារសិក្សាបែប វិភាគ

��ារសិក្សាបែប ពិសោធន៍

��ារសិក្សាបែបពិសោធន៏ជាប្រភេទនៃ

��ារសិក្សាមើល ទៅមុខ (prospective study)

��ារសិក្សាកាត់ទទឹង (cross-sectional study)

��ារសិក្សាមើលថយ ក្រោយ (retrospective study)

��ារសិក្សាប្រេវ៉ាឡង់ (prevalence study)

��ារសិក្សា តាមបណ្តោយ (longitudinal) អាចសិក្សា ពី

��តីតកាល (retrospective study)

��ច្ចុប្បន្នកាល (cross-sectional study)

��នាគតកាល (prospective study)

��្រវត្តិសាស្រ្ត

��ាទូទៅការសិក្សាបែបពណ៍ (descriptive study) រៀបរាប់អំពី

��រណាមានបព្ហានៅពេលណានិងនៅកន្លែងណា

��រណា មានបញ្ហានៅពេលណានិងមូលហេតុអ្វី

��រណាមានបញ្ហាមូលហេតុអ្វីនិងនៅពេលណា

��ៅពេលណានិងនៅកន្លែងណានិងមូលហេតុអ្វី

��ារសិក្សាបែបប្រៀបធៀប (comparative study) ជាការសិក្សា

��ែប សង្កេត

��ែប ពិសោធន៏

��ាក់កណ្តាលពិសោធន៏

��ែប គុណភាព

��ុណវិបត្តិបំផុតសម្រាប់ការសិក្សាបែប ពិសោធន៏ គឺ

��ម្លៃថ្លៃ និង ការបាត់បង់ អ្នកចូលរួមច្រើន

��ារបាត់បង់ ជំងឺ ច្រើននិង លំបាកវិភាគទិន្នន័យ

��ម្រ មាន អ្នកធ្វើ

��ារសិក្សា មានគុណវិបត្តិតិចតូន

��ារសិក្សាអំពីសុខភាពនិងប្រជាសាស្រ្តនៃកម្ពុជា (CDHS) ដែលធ្វើរាល់៥ឆ្នាំម្តង ជាប្រភេទនៃការសិក្សាបែប

��ាត់ទទឹង

��ិសោធន៏

��ាក់កណ្តាលពិសោធន៏

��្វូន

��ិធីសាស្រ្តនៃការសិក្សាមានន័យថា?

��្នកចង់សម្រេចអ្វីក្នុងការសិក្សា

��្នកធ្វើការសិក្សាយ៉ាងដូចម្តេច

��្នកពន្យល់ការសិក្សាល្អប៉ុនណាដែរ

��្នកទទួលលទ្ធផលល្អដែរឬទេ

��ារសិក្សាបែបសង្កេត (Observation study) មាន?

��ែបពិសោធន៏ និង បែបវិភាគ

��ែបពណ៍នា និង បែបវិភាគ

��ែបពាក់កណ្តាលពិសោន៏ និង បែបវិភាគ

��ែបពិសោធន៏ បែបពណ៍នា

��ារសិក្សា សង្កេត (Observation study) មាន

��ែបពិសោធន៏ និងបែបវិភាគ

��ែបពណ៍នា និង បែបវិភាគ

��ែបពាក់កណ្តាលពិសោន៏ និង បែបវិភាគ

��ែបពិសោធន៏ និង បែបពណ៍នា

��ារសិក្សាបែបពិសោធន៏ ជាប្រភេទនៃ?

��ារសិក្សាមើលទៅមុខ (prospective study)?

��ារសិក្សាកាត់ទទឹង (cross-sectional study)

��ារសិក្សាមើលថយក្រោយ (retrospective study)

��ារសិក្សាប្រេវ៉ាឡង់ (prevalence study)

��ារសិក្សាពិសោធន៏ (Experiment study) គឺជាការសិក្សា

��តីតកាល (retrospective study)

��ច្ចុប្បន្នកាល (cross-sectional study)

��នាគតកាល (prospective study)

��្រវត្តិសាស្រ្ត

��ាទូទៅការសិក្សាបែបពណ៍នា (descriptive study) រៀបរាប់អំពី

��រណាមានបញ្ហានៅពេលណានិងនៅកន្លែងណា

��រណាមានបញ្ហានៅពេលណា និងមូលហេតុអ្វី

��រណាមានបញ្ហា មូលហេតុអ្វី និង នៅពេលណា

��ៅពេលណា និងនៅកន្លែងណា និង មូលហេតុអ្វី

��ុណវិបត្តិធំបំផុតសម្រាប់ការសិក្សាបែបពិសោធន៏ គឺ

��ម្លៃថ្លៃ និង ការបាត់បង់អ្នកចូលរួមច្រើន

��ារបាត់បង់ជំងឺច្រើន និង លំបានវិភាគទិន្នន័យ

��្នកស្រាវជ្រាវជាច្រើនមិនចូលចិត្តធ្វើ

��ារសិក្សាមានគុណវិបត្តិតិចតូន

��ារសិក្សាអំពីសុខភាព និង ប្រជាសាស្រ្តនៃកម្ពុជា (CDHS) ដែលធ្វើរាល់៥ឆ្នាំម្តង ជាប្រភេទនៃការសិក្សាបែប

��ាត់ទទឹង

��ិសោធន៏

��ាក់កណ្តាលពិសោធន៏

��្វូន

��ារសិក្សា ដែលប្រមូលទិន្នន័យនៅចំណុចណាមួយ ហើយគណនាប្រេវ៉ាឡង់ ដើម្បីរៀបរាប់ពីបន្ទុកនៃជំងឺ ហៅថា ការសិក្សា?

��ាត់ទទឹង

��ិសោធន៏

��ាក់កណ្តាលពិសោធន៏

��្វូន

��ារសិក្សាមួយបានចាក់វ៉ាក់សាំងការពារកញ្រ្ជឺលលើកុមារអាយុ ៥ឆ្នាំ ចំនួន ១០០ នាក់ នៅមន្ទីរពេទ្យមួយ ហើយកុមារទៀត មិនបានចាក់ថ្នាំការពារកញ្រ្ជឺលទេ ។ មួយឆ្នាំក្រោយមកឃើញថាមានកុមារ ៧០ នាក់ឆ្លងកញ្រ្ជឺល ក្នុងនោះ ១០ នាក់ក្នុងក្រុមចាក់វ៉ាកសាំងកញ្រ្ជឺល និង ៦០ នាក់ ក្នុងក្រុមមិនចាក់វ៉ាក់សាំងកញ្រ្ចឺល ។ តើការរៀបរា់ខាងលើប្រភេទសិក្សាអ្វី?

��ាត់ទទឹង

��ិសោធន៏

��ាក់កណ្តាលពិសោធន៏

��្វូន

��ារសិក្សាមួយបានប្រមូលទីន្នន័យពីសម្ពាយឈាម និង ហានិភ័យមួយចំនួន លើមនុស្សពេញវ័យ ១០០ នាក់ នៅមណ្ឌលសុខភាព។ គេរកឃើញថា មាន 20% លើសសម្ពាធឈាម ។ តើការរៀបរាប់ខាងលើជាប្រភេទសិក្សាអ្វី?

��ាត់ទទឹង

��ិសោធន៏

��ាក់កណ្តាលពិសោធន៏

��្វូន

A published study follows a large group of women with untreated dysplasia of the uterine cervix, documenting the number who improve, stay unchanged, or progress into cervical cancer. This study design is best described as?

Experimental

Cohort

Descriptive

Qualitative

A researcher assesses a random sample of its residents by telephone questionnaire. He found that overweight is strongly associated with hypertension. This study design is best described as:

Experimental

Cohort

Cross-sectional

Case-control

Based on a list of men from the health center, 2/3 of men were invited (including health education about prostate cancer) and be screened for PSA while one third of men were not invited. Over the next 10 years the two groups are compared as to the rate of death from prostate cancer. This study design is best described as which one of the following:

Experimental

Cohort

Cross-sectional

Case-control

The initial studies establishing maternal diethylstilbesterol (DES) intake as a cause of vaginal adenocarcinoma in female offspring were case-control studies. This was probably largely because:

A couple of decades ago cohort studies hadn't been invented.

A woman taking DES was always rare.

The disease outcome is rare.

The investigators had probably just happened to have a number of cases in their practices.

What is a research design?

A way of conducting research that is not grounded in theory

The choice between using qualitative or quantitative methods.

The style in which you present your research findings, e.g. A graph.

Framework for every stage of the collection and analysis of data.

What is a cross-sectional design?

A comparison of two or more variables longitudinally

A design that is devised when the researcher is in a bad mood.

The collection of data from more than one case at one moment in time.

Research into one particular section of society, e.g. The middle classes.

A study began in 1980 with a group of 10000 adults in one Town who were asked about their alcohol consumption. The occurrence of cancer was studied in this group in 2000-2005. This is an example of :?

Cross-sectional study

Retrospective cohort study

Cohort study

Case-control study

An investigator takes a sample of healthy individuals, record their ongoing solar exposure, and relate that to the subsequent occurrence of skin cancer in the same group.?

Case-control study

Ecological study

Cohort study

Cross-sectional study

What is the purpose of the Methodology in memoir report?

To explain operationalization of the concept and measurement

To discuss the relevant literature

To describe data collection and management

To summarize the findings

Research methodology is described as ?

Intent of the researcher

Plan and procedures for conducting a study.

Justification for the study based on previous research.

Statistical analysis of data.

The characteristic that most clearly distinguishes experimental designs from non-experimental designs is that in experimental designs?

There is non-random selection of subjects.

the researcher becomes a participant in the study.

There is manipulation of independent variable

The researcher collects and analyze data

The distinguishing characteristic of non-experimental designs is that?

They use special statistical techniques.

The results from studies using these designs are more generalizable than studies using other designs.

they are used to study events that haven’t yet occurred.

They are usually not used to investigate cause-and-effect relationships

The purpose of research using descriptive designs is to

Establish the basis for experimental studies.

Describe existing behaviors or conditions

Document existing relationships.

Suggest additional research.

The purpose of a survey is to?

Use interviews for collecting data.

Establish cause and effect relationships.

Describe the characteristics of a group of subjects.

Allow each subject in a large population to answer questions.

A study is based on 30 people (across three focus groups). What type of study is this?

Qualitative study.

Quantitative study.

Structured study.

Questionnaire study.

A study is based on 1000 people interviewed face to face in shopping centres. What type of study is this?

Self-completion study.

Ethnographic study.

Qualitative study.

Quantitative study.

A cross-sectional design differs from a longitudinal design in that the samples: ?

Followed over time

Collected at one point in time

Followed prospectively

Changed over time

In one study, it was noted that 40% of students use a personal computer at home. The 40% is an example of a?

sample proportion

Population proportion

Research proportion

Study proportion

The process of making inferences about the characteristics of the population based on the sample information is termed?

Descriptive statistics

Random sample

Statistical inference

Sampling

The study of the methods of organization, summarization, and presentation of data is referred to as?

inferential statistics

Descriptive statistics

Sampling

Analysis

In quartiles, central tendency median to be measured must lie in?

First quartile

Second quartile

Third quartile

Four quartile

Method used to compute average or central value of collected data is considered as?

Measures of positive variation

Measures of central tendency

Measures of negative skewness

Measures of negative variation

Survey asked people how often they exceed speed limits. The data are then categorized into two categories of age under 30 and over 30. For age Under 30, speeding counts were 100 persons and not speeding were 100 persons. In contrast, for age Over 30, speeding counts were 40 persons and not speeding were 160 persons. Among people with age over 30, what's the proportion of the speeding?

0.20

0.40

0.30

0.50

Survey asked people how often they exceed speed limits. The data are then categorized into the following contingency table of counts of age group by speeding or not speeding. For age Under 30, speeding counts were 100 persons and not speeding were 100 persons. In contrast, for age Over 30, speeding counts were 40 persons and not speeding were 160 persons. Among people with age Under 30, what's the proportion of the speeding?

0.50

0.40

0.60

0.70

35%

25%

45%

55%

50%

40%

30%

60%

Which one of these statistics is unaffected by outliers?

Mean

Interquartile range

Standard deviation

Range

Quasi-experimental or experimental studies that used to for the purpose of prediction or control use

Descriptive statistics

Data statistics

Professional statistics

Inferential statistics

Quasi-experimental or experimental studies are used of

Descriptive statistics

Data statistics

Professional statistics

Inferential statistics

Descriptive statistics is used describe

Who, What, Where, When

Who, What, When, Why

Who, What, Where, Why

What, Where, When, Why

Wang et al. (2020) reported that out of 138 patients, the median age was 56 years and range 22-92 years. A type of variable for the age is

Categorical

Numerical

Nominal

Ordinal

��ូលរកមធ្យមភាគនៃទម្ងន់កុមារចំនួន១០នាក់ ៖ 5 5 10 10 15 15 20 20 25 25?

��៉ូដ (Mode) នៃលេខ 5 5 10 10 15 15 15 20 25 25?

��ារលាតសន្ធឹង (range) នៃលេខ 5 5 10 10 15 15 15 20 25 25?

��ូលរកមេដ្យាននៃទម្ងន់កុមារចំនួន១០នាក់ ៖ 5 5 10 10 15 15 20 20 25 25?

��ម្លាតបដ្ឋាន (standard deviation) ជារង្វាស់នៃ?

��ំនោរកណ្តាល

��ារបែបខ្ញែក

��ង្វាក់នៃការកកើត

��មាមាត្រ

��េដ្យាន (Median) ជារង្វាស់នៃ?

��ំនោរកណ្តាល

��ារបែបខ្ញែក

��ង្វាក់នៃការកកើត

��មាមាត្រ

��៉ូដ (Mode) ជារង្វាស់?

��ំនោរកណ្តាល

��ារបែកខ្ញែក

��ង្វាក់នៃការកកើត

��្រមាណវិធី

��ំណែងចែកធម្មតា(Normal distribution) មាន?

��េដ្យាន>ម៉ូន ប៉ុន្តែមេដ្យាន=មធ្យមភាគ

��េដ្យាន=ម៉ូដ=មធ្យមភាគ

��េដ្យាន<ម៉ូដ ប៉ុន្តែ ម៉ូដ=មធ្យមភាគ

��េដ្យាន>ម៉ូដ>មធ្យមភាគ

��ើមួយណាមិនមែនជារង្វាស់នៃទំនោតកណ្តាល (central tendency) ៖?

��ម្លាតបទដ្ឋាន (standard deviation)

��ធ្យមភាគនព្វន្ធ (arithmetic mean)

��ធ្យមភាគធរណីមាឌ (geometric mean)

��៉ូដ (Mode)

��ង្វាស់នៃទំនោរកណ្តាល (central tendency) ដែលចែកទិន្នន័យជាពីរផ្នែកស្មើគ្នា ហៅថា ៖?

��ធ្យមភាគនព្វន្ធ (arithmetic mean)

��ធ្យមភាគភាគធរណីមាឌ (arithmetic mean)

��េដ្យាន(Median)

��៉ូដ(Mode)

��ង្វាស់នៃទំនោរកណ្តាល (central tendency) ដែលប្រើញឹកញប់ជាងគេគឺ ៖?

��ធ្យមភាគនព្វន្ធ (arithmetic mean)

��ធ្យមភាគភាគធរណីមាឌ (arithmetic mean)

��េដ្យាន(Median)

��៉ូដ(Mode)

��ើមួយណាមិនមែនជារង្វាស់នៃការបែកខ្ញែក (dispersion) ៖?

��ន្លាតបទដ្ឋាន (standard deviation)

��៉ារាន (Variance)

��ធ្យមភាគ(Mean)

��ារលាតសន្ធឹង(Rang)

��ធ្យមភាគអាចប្រែប្រួល តាម៖?

��ម្លៃតូនបំផុត

��ម្លៃធំបំផុត

��េដ្យាន (Median)

��ម្លៃតូចបំផុត ឬ ធំបំផុត

��ំពោះទិន្នន័យមានតម្លៃខ្ពស់ពេល ឬ ទាបពេក (extreme value) រង្វាស់ទំនោរកណ្តាលដែល សមស្របបំផុតគឺ

��្ធ័រតែល (quartile)

��េដ្យាន (Median)

��ារលាតសន្ធឹង (Rang)

��ធ្យមភាគ (Mean)

��ំពោះទិន្នន័យមានបំណែងចែកមិនធម្មតា (non-normal distributed data) រង្វាស់ទំនោរកណ្តាលដែលសមស្របបំផុតគឺ

��្ធ័រតែល (quartile)

��េដ្យាន (Median)

��ារលាតសន្ធឹង (Rang)

��ធ្យមភាគ (Mean)

��ារសិក្សាមួយថ្លឹងទម្ងន់(kg) នៃអ្នកជំងឺចំនួន១០នាក់ ដែលមាន 45 55 60 65 80 90 92 92 95 97 ។ ចូរគន(Median) នៃទម្ងន់?

��ំពោះទម្ងន់(ជា kg) នៃអ្នកជំងឺ10នាក់មាន 45 55 60 65 80 90 92 92 95 97 ទាំងនេះ តើ រង្វាស់ទំនោតកណ្តាលមួយណាដែល សមស្របបំផុត?

��្ធ័រតែល (quartile)

��េដ្យាន (Median)

��ារលាតសន្ធឹង (Rang)

��ធ្យមភាគ (Mean)

��ំពោះទម្ងន់(kg) នៃអ្នកជំងឺ10នាក់មាន 45 55 60 65 80 90 92 92 95 97 ទាំងនេះ ។ គេបានគណនាមេដ្យាន ដែលរង្វាស់ទំនោរកណ្តាលសម្រាប់វិភាគទិន្នន័យនេះ ពីព្រោះ ទិន្នន័យមាន

��ំណែងចែកធម្មតា

��ំណែងចែកទោរ

��ំណែងស៊ីម៉េទ្រី

��ំណែងចែកទិន្នន័យ

��ៅពេលទិន្នន័យមានតម្លៃខ្ពស់ពេក ឬទាបពេក (extreme value) រង្វាស់ការបែកខ្ញែកសមស្របគឺ?

��្ធ័រតែល (Quartile)

��េដ្យាន (Median)

��៉ូដ (Mode)

��ធ្យមភាគ (Mean)

Which of the following type of the diagrams can be used to find out the relationship between two numeric variables?

Pictogram

Bar diagram

Histogram

Scatter diagram

Low birth weight (LBW) statistics of a hospital is best shown by?

Bar chart

Histogram

Frequency polygon

Pie chart

30 babies were born in hospital, 10 were less than 2.5 kg and 20 were greater than 2.5 kg. The variable for the classification of birth weight is?

Categorical variable

Numerical variable

Research variable

Data variable

Median is almost equivalent to?

25th percentile

50th percentile

75th percentile

10th percentile

Area between one standard deviation on either side of mean in normal distribution curve is?

60%

68%

95%

99%

Normal distribution is?

Linear

Symmetrical

Curvilinear

Parabolic

Correlation coefficient tends to lie between?

0 to +1

-1 to 0

-1 to +1

-2 to +2

Height for weight of boys in a class room is:?

Association

Index

Proportion

Correlation

��ង្វាស់នៃការបែបខ្ញែក (measure of dispersion) ដែលប្រែជាមួយមធ្យមភាគគឺ

��៉ារាន (Variance)

��ែសិនតែល (Percentile)

��ារលាតសន្ធឹង (Range)

��ន្លាតបទដ្ឋាន (standard deviation)

��ម្លៃដែលមានញឹកញាប់ជាងគេ (most occurring value) ក្នុងទិន្នន័យមួយហៅថា

��ារលាតសន្ធឹង range

��៉ូដ mode

��េដ្យាន median

��ន្លាតបទដ្ឋាន standard deviation

��ារសិក្សាមួយបានប្រមូលពិន្ទុពីនិស្សិត ហើយបានគណនាពិន្ទុដោយប្រើ IQR គឺស្មើនឹង 60%-80% ។ លទ្ធផល អាចនិយាយបានថា

20% នៃនិស្សិតមានពិន្ចុចន្លោះ 60%-80%

50%នៃនិស្សិតមានពិន្ចុចន្លោះ 60%-80%

60%នៃនិស្សិតមានពិន្ចុតិចបំផុត

80%នៃនិស្សិតមានពិន្ចុច្រើនបំផុត

��ើទិន្នន័យមានបំណែងចែកធម្មតា តើមានប៉ុន្មានភាគរយនៃអង្កេតនៅចន្លោះ មួយគម្លាតបទដ្ឋាន (1SD)?

50.0%

68.3%

95.5%

97.7%

��ិន្នន័យ ដែលមានកន្ចុយវែងទៅ ខាងឆ្វេងទិន្នន័យនោះមានបំណែងចែក

��ិនទោរ និង ស៊ីម៉េទ្រី

��ោរ និង មិនស៊ីម៉េទ្រី

��ិនស៊ីម៉េទ្រី និង អវជ្ជមាន

��ិនស៊ីម៉េទ្រី និង វជ្ជមាន

��ិន្នន័យ ដែលមានកន្ចុយវែងទៅ ខាងឆ្វេងជាបំណែងចែក

��ិនទោរ និង ស៊ីម៉េទ្រី (not skewed and symmetrical)

��ោរ និង មិនស៊ីម៉េទ្រី (skewed and unsymmetrical)

��ិនស៊ីម៉េទ្រី និង អវជ្ជមាន (unsymmetrical and negatively skewed)

��ិនស៊ីម៉េទ្រី និង វជ្ជមាន (unsymmetrical and positively skewed)

��ិន្នន័យជាបំណែងចែកអវិជ្ជមាន មាន

��េដ្យាន>ម៉ូដ ប៉ុន្តែមេដ្យាន=មធ្យមភាគ

��េដ្យាន ម៉ូន មធ្យមភាគ មានតម្លៃតែមួយ

��េដ្យាន<ម៉ូដ ប៉ុន្តែ ម៉ូន=មធ្យមភាគ

��ធ្យមភាគ<មេដ្យាន<ម៉ូដ

��ិន្នន័យដែលជាបំណែងចែកអមាន មាន

��េដ្យាន>ម៉ូដ ប៉ុន្តែមេtដ្យាន=មធ្យមភាគ

��េដ្យាន ម៉ូន មធ្យមភាគ មានតម្លៃតែមួយ

��េដ្យាន<ម៉ូដ ប៉ុន្តែ ម៉ូន=មធ្យមភាគ

��ធ្យមភាគ>មេដ្យាន>ម៉ូដ

��ម្ងន់នៃស្រ្តីចំនួន 100 នាក់ មានបំណែងចែកធម្មតា ។ រង្វាស់ទនោរកណ្តាល ដែលសមស្របបំផុតសម្រាប់ពណ៍ទម្ងន់នៃស្រ្តី គឺ?

��ធ្យមភាគ

��ារលាតសន្ធឹង

��៉ូដ

��៉េដ្យាន

��េបានវាស់សម្ពាធឈាមស៊ីស្តូលិកមនុស្សពេញវ័យចំនួន 300 នាក់ ហើយតួលេខដែលទទួលបានមានបំណែងចែកធម្មតា គឺ ទោរទៅស្តាំ។ ក្នុងករណីនេះ រង្វាស់នៃទំនោរកណ្តាល (central tendency measure) ដែលសមស្រប សម្រាប់បង្ហាញជីបចរនោះ គឺ?

��ធ្យមភាគ mean

��ាររលាតសន្ធឹង range

��៉ូដ mode

��៉េដ្យាន median

��េបានវាស់សម្ពាធឈាមស៊ីស្តូលិកមនុស្សពេញវ័យចំនួន 300 នាក់ ដែលមានមធ្យមភាគ (mean)= 95 mmHg ម៉េដ្យាន (median)=75mmHg និង ម៉ូដ (mode)=55 mmHg ។ ផ្អែកលើតូលេខខាងលើទិន្នន័យនេះជាទិន្នន័យ?

��ិនទោរ និង ស៊ីម៉េទ្រី (not skewed and symmetrical)

��ោរ និង មិនស៊ីម៉េទ្រី (skewed and unsymmetrical)

��ោរទៅឆ្វេង និង មិនស៊ីម៉េទ្រី (unsymmetrical and negatively skewed)

��ោរទៅស្តាំ និង មិនស៊ីម៉េទ្រី (unsymmetrical and positively skewed)

��េបានវាស់ជីបចរ (ចំនួនដឹង/នាទី) អ្នកចូលរួមជាបុរស 100 នាក់ និង ស្ត្រីចំនួន 60 នាក់ ។ ការវិភាគទិន្នន័យសមស្របបំផុត សម្រាប់ភេទនៃអ្នកចូលរួម គឺ?

��ំនួន និង ភាគរយ (frequency)

��ង្វាស់ការបែកខ្ញែក (dispersion measure)

��ង្វាស់ទំនោរកណ្តាល (location measure)

��េគុណសហព័ន្ធ (correlation coefficient)

��ើរូបភាពមួយណាសមស្រប ក្នុងការបង្ហាញជីបចរតាមភេទនៃអ្នកចូលរួម ជាបុរសចំនួន 100 នាក់ និង ស្រ្តីចំនួន 60 នាក់?

Bar chart

Line graph

Histogram

Box-plot

��ក្ខណះសំខាន់សម្រាប់ pie chart គឺផលបូកនៃបន្ទះនីមួយៗ៖?

��្មើនឹង 100%

��ិចជាង 100%

��ំជាង 100%

��្មើ 50%

��ារលាតសន្ធឹង (range) នៃទិន្នន័យ 3 4 2 4 5 6 4 គឺ

��្រសិនបើ ការលាតសន្ធឹង Rang=4 ហើយតម្លៃអប្បបរិមា Min=2 នោះ តម្លៃអតិបរិមា Max ស្មើនឹង

��្រសិនបើ ការលាតសន្ធឹង Rang=4 ហើយតម្លៃអប្បបរិមា Mix=6 នោះ តម្លៃអតិបរិមា Max ស្មើនឹង

��ំពោះទិន្នន័យដែលមានបំណែងចែកទោរ (skewed distribution) រង្វាស់ទំនោរកណ្តាល ដែលសមស្របបំផុតគឺ?

��ាទីល (quartile)

��េដ្យាន (Median)

��ារលាតសន្ធឹង (Range)

��ធ្យមភាគ (Mean)

��ៅពេលទិន្នន័យមានបំណែងចែកមិនធម្មតា (skewed distribution) រង្វាស់ការបែកខ្ញែកសមស្របបំផុតគឺ?

��ម្លាទបទដ្ឋាន (SD)

��ាទីល (quartile)

��៉ូដ (Mode)

��ធ្យមភាគ (Mean)

��ើមានទិន្នន័យប៉ុន្មានភាគរយនៅចន្លោះកាទីលទី១ Q1 និងទី៣ Q3?

40%

50%

60%

70%

��ង្វាស់នៃការបែកខ្ងែក (measure ofdispersion) ដែលប្រើជាមួយមធ្យមភាគ(mean) គឺ ?

��៉ារាន (Variance)

��ាទីល (Quartile)

��ារលាតសន្ធឹង (Range)

��ម្លាតបទដ្ឋាន (SD)

��ាទីលទី2 (Q2) គឺជាមេដ្យាននៃទិន្នន័យ?

��េដ្យានៃទាំងមូល

��េដ្យាននៃ៥០%តូន

��េដ្យាននៃ៥០%ធំ

��េដ្យាននៃ៥០%កណ្តាល

��ង្វាស់កាទីល(Quartile) គឺជារង្វាស់ ដែលចែកទិន្នន័យជា?

��ីរភាគស្មើគ្នា

��ីភាគស្មើគ្នា

��ួនភាគស្មើគ្នា

��្រាំភាគស្មើគ្នា

��ិន្នន័យមានតម្លៃនៃកាទីលទី៣ Q3=61 និង ការលាតសន្ធឹងនៃកាទីល IQR=48 នោះកាទីលទី1 (Q1) ស្មើនឹង?

��ិន្នន័យមានតម្លៃនៃកាទីលទី1 Q1=23 និង ការលាតសន្ធឹងនៃកាទីល IQR=20 នោះកាទីលទី53(Q3) ស្មើនឹង?43

��ម្ងន់ទារក មានតម្លៃនៃកាទីលទី1 Q1=23និង ការលាតសន្ធឹងនៃកាទីល IQR=20 ។ តើមួយណាសមស្របសម្រាប់ អថេរ និង ទិន្នន័យខាងលើ?

��ថេរលេខ និង រង្វាស់ការបែកខ្ញែក

��ថេរលេខ និង រង្វាស់ទំនោរកណ្តាល

��ថេរជំពូក និង រង្វាស់ទំនោរកណ្តាល

��ថេរជំពូក និង រង្វាស់ការបែកខ្ញែក

��ម្លៃលេខណាក៏ដោយ ដែលបានគណនាចេញពីសំណាក(sample date) ហៅថា?

Statistic

Bias

Mean

Parameter

��ិន្នន័យមួយមានមធ្យមភាគ mean=23 មេដ្យាន median=24 ហើយម៉ូដ mode=25 ។ បំណែងចែកនៃទិន្នន័យនោះ គឺ ?

��ោរទៅស្តាំ Positively Skewed

��ម្មតា Normal

��ិនធម្មតា Non-normal

��ោរទៅឆ្វេង Negatively Skewed

��្រសិនអ្នកគណនាគន្លាតបទដ្ឋាន(standard deviation) ដោយប្រើ n-1 នោះ ហៅថា?

Sample standard deviation

Population standard deviation

Standard deviation

Population inference

��្រសិនអ្នក ដាក់ការ៉េឲ្យគន្លាតបទដ្ឋាន (standard deviation) នោះហៅថា ?

��្ថិតិ Statistic

��ង្វាស់ Estimate

��ន្លាតបទដ្ឋាន Standard deviation

��៉ារាន Variance

��្រសិនបើគន្លាតបទដ្ឋាន standard deviation = 9 នោះ វ៉ារាន Variance ស្មើនឹង?

Bar chart ឬ Pie Chart ត្រូវបានសមស្របសម្រាប់អថេរមួយណា?

��េខ

��ំពូក

��សភាគ

��នុបាទ

��ារសិក្សាមួយបានរកឃើញថា មានស្រ្តីអាយុ15-49 ឆ្នាំ 60% ប្រើការពន្យារកំណើត និង 40% មិនប្រើការពន្យារកំណើត ។ តើរូបភាពមួយណា ដែលសមស្របបំផុតសម្រាប់បង្ហាះទិន្នន័យខាងលើ?

Box plot

Bar chart

Scatter plot

Line graph

��ារសិក្សាបែបសហព័ន្ធមួយបង្ហាញថា ហាត់ប្រាណកាន់តែខ្លាំងទម្ងន់កាន់តែចុះ ។ ទំនាក់ទំនងនេះ ជា ទំនាក់ទំនង

��វិជ្ជមាន

��ិជ្ជមាន

��ោរឡើងលើ

��ោរចុះក្រោម

��ារសិក្សាបែប សហព័ន្ធមួយ បង្ហាញថា r=0 ។ លទ្ធផលនេះ បង្ហាញ

��ំនាក់ទំនង អវិជ្ជមាន

��ំនាក់ទំនង វិជ្ជមាន

��ំនាក់ទំនងថេរ

��្មានទំនាក់ទំនង

��ារសិក្សាមួយបាន ប្រើ Pearson Correlation ដើម្បីទំនាក់ទំនងរវាងអថេរពីដែល r = +0.91។ លទ្ធផលនេះបង្ហាញថា អថេរទាំងេពីរ

��្លាំង និង វិជ្ជមាន

��្លាំង និង អវិជ្ជមាន

��្សោយ និង អវិជ្ជមាន

��្សោយ និង វិជ្ជមាន

��ារធ្វើតារាងខ្វែង គឺដើម្បីទំនាក់ទំនងរវាងអថេរពីរ ដែលអថេរ

��ាំងពីរជាអថេរជំពូក

��ាំងពីរជាអថេរលេខ

��ួយជាអថេរជំពូក ហើយមួយទៀតជាអថេរលេខ

��ំពូកផង លេខផង

��ម្ងន់ទារក មានតម្លៃនៃកាទីលទី1 Q1=23 និង ការលាតសន្ធឹងនៃកាទីល IQR=20 ។ តើមួយណាសមស្របសម្រាប់ អថេរ និង ទិន្នន័យខាងលើ?

��ថេរលេខ និង រង្វាស់ការបែកខ្ញែក

��ថេរលេខ និង រង្វាស់ទំនោរកណ្តាល

��ថេរជំពូក និង រង្វាស់ទំនោរកណ្តាល

��ថេរជំពូក និង រង្វាស់ការបែកខ្ញែក

��ារសិក្សាបែប សហព័ន្ធមួយបង្ហាញថា r=0.65 ។ លទ្ធផលនេះបង្ហាញពីទំនាក់ទំនង

��វិជ្ជមាន

��ិជ្ជមាន

��េរ

��េខ

400 adults aged 25-64 have their blood pressure (BP) measured that is shown in the table bellow. The prevalence of high blood pressure can be calculated as,

(20+180)/200

(20+80)/200

(20+180)/400

(20+80)/400

The percentage of normal blood pressure?

25%

55%

65%

75%

The percentage of high BP for age group 25-44?

10%

20%

30%

40%

The percentage of high BP for age group 45-64?

10%

20%

30%

40%

What type of table is it?

Matrix table

Mean table

Data table

Cross table

What type of variables in this Table?

Age and blood pressure are numerical

Age and blood pressure are categorical

Blood pressure is numerical while age is categorical

Age is numerical while blood pressure is categorical

The correlation between systolic blood pressure and BMI displayed below. What type of table is it?

Correlation (Matrix) table តារាងសហព័ន្ធ

Mean table តារាងមធ្យមភាគ

Data table តារាងទិន្នន័យ

Cross table តារាងខ្វែង

The coefficient of correlation r between systolic blood pressure and BMI displayed below is?

0.4

0.629

0.042

What type of variables are SBP and BMI in the below Table?

SBP and BMI are numerical

SBP and BMI are categorical

SBP is numerical while BMI is categorical

BMI is numerical while SBP is categorical

What type of table is it?

Correlation (Matrix) table តារាងសហព័ន្ធ

Mean table តារាងមធ្យមភាគ

Data table តារាងទិន្នន័យ

Cross table តារាងខ្វែង

What variable is categorical?

Body Mass Index

Blood pressure

Group statistics

Standard error of mean

What type of statistics is presented in this Table?

Data statistics

Inferential statistics

Descriptive statistics

Research statistics

What does the Table below present?

Mean table

Correlation table

Cross table

Research table

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