Pathophys cycle 3- 2022 + some extra

Create an informative and visually engaging infographic that highlights the relationship between obesity and diabetes, showcasing various risk factors, symptoms, and complications. The design should be colorful and educational, appealing to a wide audience interested in health and wellness.

Obesity and Diabetes Quiz

Test your knowledge on obesity, diabetes, and related metabolic disorders with our comprehensive quiz! This quiz consists of 43 questions that cover various aspects of pathophysiology, complications, and genetic factors associated with obesity and diabetes.

Understand the risk factors for obesity and diabetes
Learn about complications and management strategies
Enhance your knowledge of metabolic syndrome

43 Questions11 MinutesCreated by LearningHealth101

Indicate common causes of obesity: Select one or more:

Different psychological factors

Diet high in simple carbohydrates

Low frequency of eating

Physical inactivity

What does central obesity lead to? Select one or more:

Orthostatic hypotension

Hyperinsulinemia

Glycogen release

Diabetic foot

Indicate these states that are not metabolic syndrome components: Select one or more:

Chronic diarrhea

growth retardation issues

Nephrolithiasis

hyperuricemia

What genetic factors contribute to obesity? Select one or more:

Mutations in gene of Leptin

Mutations in gene of Lipofuscin

Mutations in gene of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin-2

Mutations in gene of Leptin Receptor

What are the complications of obesity? Select one or more:

Urine bladder stones

Ischemic heart disease

Decreased life expectancy if disease is not treated with a diet

Hyperventilation

Indicate incorrect statements related to Celiac Disease: Select one or more:

It increases concentration of Insulin hormone in peripheral blood

It is related with the chance of developing another autoimmune disorder

Can be triggered by a protein called glucagon

Gluten is found in grains, like wheat, barley and rye

What are genetic risks that may induce the type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? – indicate correct answer: Select one or more:

Race or ethnicity-related genes

Multiple genes involved in insulin resistance

Not HLA genes

genetic risk does not increase if a parent or sibling has type 2 Diabetes

What are the symptoms of Phenylketonuria? Select one or more:

increased thirst

Blurred vision

Weight loss even with increased appetite

Mouse-like urine odor

What environmental triggers are potentially linked to type 1 Diabetes Mellitus etiopathogenesis? Select one or more:

Bacteria in gut altered in infancy

Exposure to enteroviruses and other viral pathogens

Food preservatives with nitrogen

Chemicals from polluted air, soil, and water

Late complications of Diabetes Mellitus typically may disturb the function of: Select one or more:

Small blood vessels

Endothelial cells in large blood vessels

Eyes

kidneys

What does insulin resistance stimulate? Select one or more: ****

It stimulates the release of glucose, which can cause hyperglycemia

it stimulates the uptake of glucose, which can cause hypoglycemia

It stimulates the release of insulin, which can cause hyperinsulinemia

It stimulates the release of glucagon, which can cause hyperglycemia

What are the nutritional causes of the secondary hyperlipoproteinemia? Select one or more:

Excessive intake of salt and pepper

Alcohol consumption

Excessive intake of carbohydrates

High-fat diet

Biological actions of Insulin – indicate its correct biological action: Select one or more:

In adipose tissue decreases protein synthesis

In the liver increases lipogenesis

In muscles decreases its long-term effects such as mitogenesis

In the liver stimulates glycogen synthesis

What are the conditions to diagnose prediabetes in humans: Select one or more:

The state called “brain fog” with lack of ability to think clearly

The state called “diarrhea associated with unexplained mood changes”

The state called “impaired fasting glucose”

The state called “impaired glucose tolerance”

Acute life-threatening complications of Diabetes Mellitus are: Select one or more:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome

Disseminated intravascular acute coagulation

Hyperosmolar coma

Ketoacidosis

Mechanism of Insulin Secretion – indicate incorrect statements: Select one or more:

Glucose enters glycolysis and Krebs’ cycle (citric acid cycle) to produce more ATP in the cell cytoplasm

. Depolarization of membrane causes influx of Ca+2 into cell for movement of vesicles with insulin

ATP generation inhibits K+ gated channel receptor and less K+ leaves beta cell

Glut-4: transports glucose into beta cell

What causes the increased plasma concentration of triglycerides? Select one or more:

High carbohydrate diet

Alcohol and high-calorie foods

Lack of gluten toleration

Cerebellar impairment

Who belongs to the group of increased risk of DM development and need to be tested with OGTT? Select one or more:

People with stomach aches

People with cardiovascular diseases

People with TG > 250 mg/dL in their blood

Women with Klebsiella Infection and Urinary Tract Infection

What are the potential symptoms of Celiac Disease? Select one or more:

Iron deficiency anemia

Weight loss with fatigue and excessive bloating

Flower-like urine odor due to yeast infections

Increased frequency of loose, watery stools

A 3-year old light-skinned child has a developmental delay characterized by mental retardation and inability to walk. The child's urine has a distinctly «mousy» odour. On physical examination there is no lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly. Genetics mutations involving which of following substances are most likely to be present in this child?

A1- antitrypsin

Glucose-6- phosphatase

Sphingomyelinase

D) Phenylalanine hydroxylase

Metabolic syndrome can be diagnosed when the following criteria are met:

Waist diameter; 98 cm, fasting glucose level = 98 mg/dL, TG: 180 mg/dL, HDL: 50 mg/dL, BP: 140/85 mm/hg

Waist diameter: 95 cm, fasting glucose level: 112 mg/dL, TG:120 mg/dL, HDL: 60 mg/dL, BP: 120/80 mm hg

Waist diameter: 100 cm, fasting glucose level: 120/mg/dL, TG: 165 mg/dL, HDL, 55 mg/dL, BP: 125/80 mm hg

Waist diameter: 79 cm , fasting glucose level: 98 mg/dL, tg: 120 mg/dL, HDL: 50 mg/dL, BP: 140/85 mm hg

Point true statements about familial hypercholesterolemia:

In monogenic FH most common mutation affect apoE and LPL genes

One of the symptoms are tendon xanthomas

C. Monogenic FH is more common than polygenic (polygenic is more common)

D. Patients are characterized by high levels of LDL (> 200 mg/dL)

Tangier disease is characterized by:

Reduced levels of HDL

Increased levels of total cholesterol

Autosomal recessive type of inheritance

Presence of cholesterol deposits, especially visible in the tonsils

Point correct statement about obesity:

Waist hip ratio > 1 indicate androidal obesity type

Hypertrophic obesity is characterised by adipocytes volume increase

In gynoidal obesity the excess fat tissue accumulates mostly around hips + thighs

It is indicated by BMI > 25

Endothelial dysfunction leads to:

Increased relaxation of smooth muscle cells in blood vessel walls

Accumulation of low density lipoproteins in lesion site

Decreased risk of CVDs

Impaired bioavailability of Nitric oxide

Choose factors associated with developing endothelial dysfunctions: ***

Stress

Smoking cigarettes

Immune response

Menopausa

Prediabetes should be diagnosed:

IFG with normal glucose tolerance is present

Casual blood glucose > or same 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L ) with typical symptoms

Fasting glucose 100-125 mg/dL (7,0 mmol/L) and or result of OGTT: 140-199 mg /dL (7.8-11 mmol/L)

In 120 minutes of OGTT blood glucose >200 mg/dL

Characteristic features of type 2 diabetes include:

Presence of antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase

Lack of circulating antibodies to islet cells

High risk of acute complication in form of ketoacidosis

Impaired beta cell function

Chronic diabetes complication:

Occur as a consequence of non-enzymatic glycosylation

Involve micro and macroangiopathy

Pathogenesis involve RAGE activation

Can manifest as nonketotic hyperosmolar coma

Choose correct sentence about celiac disease:

Gluten is deamidated before entering lamina propria -

Histopathology examination usually reveals crypt hyperplasia and lymphocyte infiltration

Only t cells and APC are involved in the pathogenesis of celiac disease

Symptoms include diarrhea with fat grains

Phenylketonuria:

Symptoms do not include mental retardation

Majority of patients present with a mutation in PKU gene

Very sweet smell of urine

Hyperphenyloalaninemia occur

Choose correct sentences:

Characteristic features of homocystinuria are homogentisic acids deposits

Ochronosis is present in alkaptonuria

Skeletal abnormalities are often seen in homocystinuria, but they never affect chest

Maple syrup disease is a disorder of branched chain amino acids

Tyrosinemia type 1:

Defect in tyrosine aminotransferase

High concentration of tyrosine crystals

Ulcers on palms and soles

Liver and kidney damage

Symptoms of alkaptonuria:

Mental Retardation

Arthritis

Melanogenesis inhibition

Black-ink colour red urine

Silent celiac disease: **

Ataxia, Migraine, joint pain

Serological test (+)

Histopathological → biopsy → villi

Diarrhea, constipation, bloating

Phenylketonuria choose wrong:

Myelinogenesis decreased in skin

Black dark Pigments in joint

Decreased Adrenaline metabolism

BH4 deficiency-caused PKU can be treated with Phe restricted diet

Choose false sentence:

Mutations in the same gene result in tyrosinemia type 1 and 2

Eyes are never affected in albinism

In tyrosinemia type 2 liver function is severely impaired

Defects in tyrosinase activity cause albinism

Unlock and Upgrade

Remove all limits from your Quizzes

Pathophys cycle 3- 2022 + some extra

Obesity and Diabetes Quiz

More Quizzes