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BIO— DNA Quiz

What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribose Nitrogen Adenine
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Deoxyribose Nucleus Acids
Which of these is NOT a function of DNA in cells?
TRUE OR FALSE: Scientists originally thought that protein (not DNA) was the molecule of heredity.
True
False
When did Frederick Griffith's experiment take place?
1957
1939
1928
What was the difference between the R (rough) and S (smooth) strains of bacteria used in Frederick Griffith's experiments?
R is temperate (doesn't kill), and S is virulent (lethal)
R is virulent (lethal), and S is temperate (doesn't kill)
Nothing, they are the same
How could one summarize Griffith's experiment?
He tested different strains of R and S bacteria on mice to find out which was lethal and which was temperate
He injected a mixture of R and S strains into mice, which resulted in the death of the mice
Both of the above
What did Griffith conclude from his experiments?
The S strain killed the R strain, making the bacteria lethal
A transformation occurred; something passed on from one strain to another
Neither of the above
When did Oswald Avery's experiments occur?
1944
1969
1933
What was the goal of Avery's experiments?
To fix Griffith's incorrect conclusion
To determine which molecule in heat-killed bacteria was most important for transformation
To create a model of DNA structure, according to Chargaff's rule
What did Avery conclude from his experiment?
DNA is the molecule responsible for transformation
Protein is the molecule responsible for transformation
Nitrogen bases are the molecules responsible for DNA transfer
When did Erwin Chargaff perform his famous experiments?
1940
1974
1950
Describe the "rule" that Erwin Chargaff created as a result of his experiments with different organisms.
When did Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase conduct their experiments?
1938
1952
1940
Why did Hershey & Chase use radioactive substances on the viruses they experimented with?
In order to "mark" them and track which molecule is which
To make sure they aren't prone to react negatively to radioactive substances
Neither of the above
What was the conclusion of the Hershey Chase experiment?
Chargaff's rule is wrong
A model of transformation based on Griffith's findings
DNA is the transforming factor found in genes, not proteins
When did Rosalind Franklin's experiments take place?
1952
1915
1981
What did Rosalind Franklin do during her experiment?
Use X-ray beams to take a picture of DNA's shape
Observe the scattering of DNA molecules
Both of the above
What was the outcome of Franklin's experiment?
A detailed model of DNA structure that proved Chargaff's rule wrong
Clues (not all details) about DNA structure that could be used in later experiments
A model of transformation based on Griffith's findings
What three components are nucleotides made of?
Lipids, phosphate groups, and hydrogen
Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate groups, and nitrogen bases
Purine bases, pyrimidine bases, and nitrogen
What are purine bases?
2-ring nitrogen bases that tend to be larger than pyrimidine bases
Adenine & Guanine
Both of the above
What are pyrimidine bases?
Single-ring nitrogen bases that tend to be smaller than purine bases
Thymine & Cytosine
Both of the above
TRUE OR FALSE: There are only two bonds connecting guanine and cytosine, and three connecting adenine and thymine.
True
False
What is the first step of DNA replication?
Complementary bases are added
DNA "unzips"
Termination
What occurs during DNA "unzipping"?
Special enzymes break H-bonds and open DNA
Semiconservative replication
Neither of the above
What is the name of the enzyme which breaks H-bonds?
Deoxyribose
Lead
Helicase
What is added during the second step of DNA replication to "complete" the new strands?
Complementary bases (A to T, G to C, T to A, C to G)
Old strands of DNA from previous replications
Nothing; they stay incomplete
What is the difference between a lead and a lag?
The lag shows the way and is read continuously, whereas a lead is discontinuously read
They are the same
The lead shows the way and is read continuously, whereas a lag is discontinuously read
TRUE OR FALSE: During termination, the process stops after semiconservative replication combines old strands with new strands.
True
False
Who was credited with successfully creating a model of DNA structure?
Watson & Crick
Hershey & Chase
Rosalind Franklin
Was Watson & Crick's DNA model based off of both Irwin Chargaff's and Rosalind Franklin's work?
Yes
No
How did Watson & Crick describe DNA structure as?
A triple helix
A double helix
A twisted line
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