MMA135 - BAUHAUS

Let us will, invent, create together the new building of the future which will embrace architecture & sculpture & painting in one unity, like the crystal symbol of a new faith

Founded the Bauhaus in 1919

Design could make the world a better place.

Gropius believed the old order of ____________ and _______________ had led Germany into the catastrophic war.

Bauhaus was a new society and a better way of life

Less is more.

Wood should look like wood and steel should look like steel.

The design of something should be functional, never decorative.

Based on pure geometry and uniform materials. There are no meaningless flowers or any ornamental details. The simple forms could be mass produced and bring harmonious beauty into an average home

Typography did not have a clear hierarchy

The Bauhaus building at Dessau is a good example of these ideas. It is not a grandiose structure filled with statues and marble. It is a machine for ____________, a factory to ____________.

Graphic design at the Bauhaus was minimal and lacked any unnecessary decoration or elements.

The Typography of Bauhaus was _____________ and __________ with simple ___________ fonts.

At one point, this was simplified further by _______________'s attempt to create a typeface with no capital letters.

______ and the _______ Section (Typography)

Every element, from a word to a hairline rule, existed to serve a function, from indicating where a letter begins on a letter-head, to organizing text into the legible blocks.

The photography moved away from a static image taken at eye-level, and shifted to a ____________ approach.

The camera could be placed at a ______________, or from the ground up. The subject was part of a larger world, beyond the frame of the image.

The color of Bauhaus was __________ and not attached to any specific _________ or ____________.

They taught foundation classes in color and shape. The exercises they invented are used by most design courses today. (2)

In 1932, the _________ had taken over the German government. They quickly shut the school down.

The Nazis in charge of the faculty contracts deemed the work to be _________ and _________ The students dispersed and many of the teachers migrated to the United States, sparking a revolution in design.

In __________, the school was forced to shut down by the Nazi Party.

The Bauhaus also left designers and the masses with a new __________ about design.

Today, the public expects a product to be __________. It should be the best quality and aesthetical beautiful

Bauhaus sought to combine the fine arts with crafts by closing the schism between _____________ and _______________.

As a result, a ___________ variety of visual arts came under the Bauhaus design banner and were merged with ___________ to create a _________ design philosophy based on celebrating the aesthetic with the practical

Today, almost _______ years after its inception, Bauhaus still remains a highly influential force in design and beyond.

It epitomizes the tenets of German design to the entire world and demonstrates what’s possible when designers combine ______________ and _____________.

Its legacy is seen in everything from ___________ and ___________ to __________ and ______________.

The movement's origins can be traced back to one school:

Though it was only in operation from _________ to __________, its short existence belies the farreaching impact this design philosophy has had on the rest of the world in the several decades since.

A German architect and widely seen as one of the trailblazing members of modernist architecture

the Bauhaus school literally translates to _______________.

The bauhaus school had an architecture school during its early days

Walter Gropius was an architect with an international reputation for factory designs_____________

Paul Klee designed the Bauhaus Buildings at Dessau

Gropius sought a new unity of _________ and __________.

Gropius believed that ____ follows ______.

Over the course of its short life, the school and its design philosophy existed in the following cities and periods:

Weimar Period

Dessau Period

Berlin Period

This dispersion of its faculty was actually a significant factor in helping to spread the Bauhaus design aesthetic worldwide.

In 1919, the Bauhaus school opened its doors with Gropius as its first director. His stated objective was to spearhead a design movement free of the class barriers that put up walls between artists and craftsmen. In its early years of operation, its faculty was a veritable whos-who of pioneering European artists:

Swiss designer and expressionist painter

German-American painter and Expressionism advocate

German sculptor and artist

German designer, painter, sculptor and choreographer

Swiss painter and artist known for Cubism, Surrealism, and Expressionism

Russian art theorist and painter

In its first three years, ________ steered the course for much Bauhaus’ education, which was shaped by his admiration of Expressionism. His preliminary course was a student’s first contact with Bauhaus design’s ideas.

After Itten, Hungarian designer and painter ______________ took over, and he shifted Bauhaus’ introductory course to favor New Objectivity that was also near and dear to Gropius. This change was important because it crystallized Gropius’ view at the school, which was to adapt architecture to fit the early 20th century’s rise of cars, radios, and machines.

At this time, the school also issued its own magazine called, appropriately, Bauhaus, and book series called

As _______ approached, the school was being pressured by the local government to the point that its funding was eventually cut by _____. This set the stage for its relocation to Dessau.

At Dessau, the design of the school’s building shared many similarities to the International Style of architecture, which was characterized by:

a Swiss architect and the new director. Under ___________, the school experienced a few milestones, namely the construction of the ADGB Trade Union School according to Bauhaus design and five apartment buildings in Dessau. For the first time in its history, the school also turned a profit.

Unfortunately, the Nazis gained control of the Dessau city council by ______, which forced the school to move to yet another location.

This was the shortest iteration of the Bauhaus school during its already short existence, but it also paved the way for Bauhaus design’s expansion well beyond the German borders

Shortly before the move, German-American architect ______________ became the school’s new director. In Berlin in late 1932, he opened the third iteration of Bauhaus in an abandoned factory, whose rent he paid with his own money

The Berlin school lasted only for ____months before it was closed under pressure from the Nazi regime that was gaining power.

To the Nazis, Bauhaus design was __________ due to its modernist style, as well as “degenerate art” because of its perceived Jewish or Communist associations.

To the Nazis, Bauhaus design was “un-German” due to its modernist style, as well as “degenerate art” because of its perceived _____________ or ___________ associations.

In April 1933, the school shut down for good due to this ____________.

In April 1933, the school shut down for good due to this persecution. Hostility and ill-treatment, especially because of _________ or _________ or__________ beliefs.

However, this prompted many of Bauhaus designs’ principles—like Gropius, Meyer, and Mies—to emigrate to countries like _________, ___________, _________, and _________.

Thanks to their flight from the Nazis, Bauhaus design traditions lived on and proliferated in various continents.

The design philosophy of Bauhaus is

This is a clue as to how products designed in the Bauhaus aesthetic will look. In other words, Bauhaus is based on a __________________approach that favors utility over show.

Bauhaus is based on a no-frills, nogimmicks approach that favors ______________.

Qualities of Bauhaus design usually include: (6)

Bauhaus, therefore, favors ___________ and __________ in design over beauty for the mere sake of beauty. That’s not to say, though, that Bauhaus can’t be visually attractive.

Bauhaus is not visually attractive as it favors function over form.

Bauhaus has heavily influenced various industries, from ________ and ______ to ______ and __________.

The namesake font of the design movement, Bauhaus font takes its inspiration from the experimental universal font of _______ from _______

Was widely regarded as the last living member of the design movement until his death in 1985.

Created in ________, the ___________almost resembles a stencil effect in some characters, but it embodies simplicity and straightforwardness above all else. This appropriately sans-serif typeface features very legible and readable letters with fairly even and thick stroke widths.

Created in 1969, the Bauhaus font almost resembles a __________ in some characters.

Bauhaus Inspired Typefaces (4)

Is another well-known representation of Bauhaus in typography. This geometric and sans-serif font takes its design cues from the geometric shapes that became emblematic of the distinct, visual shapes seen in Bauhaus. Commissioned by the Bauer Type Foundry, a storied German type foundry, ______has characteristics that espouse modernity.

Futura qualities include (4)

One of the most interesting tidbits about this typeface is its usage— which confirms its pragmatic design. Recall that Bauhaus design is meant to espouse function over form, for the ultimate in usability.

Haus has been used in ads such as IKEA, volkswagen, Royal Dutch etc.

Futura, thanks to its legibility and readability, has been used in numerous ads

Bauhaus has left a lasting mark on building construction throughout the world

One of the earliest contributions to this design aesthetic was the _____________ in ________.

One of the earliest contributions to this design aesthetic was the Bauhaus school’s actual building in Dessau, which was built by _________ in _________.

Using elements of the International Style, the building featured many unique design stylings such as:(4)

Not satisfied with the pure functionality of letters, the Bauhaus school sought to bring elements of design into the world of printing. Inspired by the beauty of ancient manuscripts that were painstakingly written by hand in controlled and ornate letters, they created a number of fonts.

____________ became part of the core curriculum for all students

Typography became part of the core curriculum for all students and one of their key typographers ______________ created the Universal typeface at the request of school founder Gropius in 1925.

famously said, ''Like modern machines, architecture, and cinema, so too must type be an expression of our exact times.''