Pharmacology Midterm Review

Which type of drug name usually begins with a lowercase letter?

The federal body that determines whether a drug is considered a controlled substance and to which schedule it belongs is the

Which federal regulatory agency decides which drugs require a prescription and which drugs may be sold over-the-counter (OTC)?

The word stat on a prescription means

The abbreviation used on prescriptions for four times a day is

Which of the following statements is true regarding the therapeutic index (TI) of a drug?

The distribution of a drug is determined by

The _____ is the most common site for biotransformation.

If a drug displays zero-order elimination kinetics

An enteral route of administration would be

Which organ is involved in the first-pass effect after oral administration of a drug?

A patient’s perception that a pill without active ingredients is having a pharmacologic effect is termed

A drug effect that is neither predictable nor dose related is called a

The greatest risk to the fetus from exposure to drugs occurs

An acute, life-threatening allergic reaction characterized by hypotension, bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, and cardiac arrhythmias is what type of hypersensitivity?

Which is safe to administer to a pregnant patient?

The acronym SLUD denotes adverse reactions associated with administration of _____ agents.

Which drug would be best to treat xerostomia?

Stimulation of β2-receptors results in

Which of the following raises the pain threshold?

The action of nonopioid analgesics is related to their ability to inhibit

Which of the following choices has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antiplatelet action?

A drug interaction between aspirin and _____ can result in significant bleeding.

Which of the following is true concerning NSAIDs?

Which of the following NSAIDs is the drug of choice for treating a nursing woman?

Acetaminophen does not possess any of these clinically significant _____ effects: (1) antipyretic, (2) anti-inflammatory, (3) analgesic.

What do aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and codeine have in common?

___ is usually the cause of death with an overdose of opioid analgesics.

Which is an advantage of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) over the opioids for the management of dental pain in an opioid addict?

Tylenol #3 contains _____ mg of codeine.

Dental caries is caused by an infection with

If an infection is just beginning, the organisms most likely to be present are

Which of the following antibiotics is associated with pseudomembranous colitis?

The disease-producing power of the microorganism is called

Superinfection is more often caused by _____-spectrum antibiotics and increases when taken for a _____ time period.

Is the drug of choice for prophylaxis to prevent bacterial endocarditis before a dental procedure

A cephalosporin would be most closely related to which of the following agents?

Tetracyclines should not be used in children younger than _____ years of age.

Is associated with a severe drug interaction with alcohol.

Nystatin is used for both the treatment and the prevention of _____ in susceptible cases.

Viruses are difficult to treat because they require cooperation with the host’s cells to replicate

Topical acyclovir

A person with hepatitis _____ is most likely to develop chronic hepatitis.

Which of the following local anesthetics is cautioned for use during an inferior alveolar block due to the risk of nerve damage?

Addition of vasoconstrictor to local anesthetic (1) reduces blood supply to the area, (2) increases blood supply to the area, (3) limits systemic absorption, (4) increases systemic absorption, (5) reduces systemic toxicity, and (6) increases systemic toxicity. Which of these are correct?

Which of the following local anesthetics is safest to use for dental treatment for a pregnant woman?

The maximum safe dose of epinephrine for the cardiac patient is _____ mg.

At the termination of a N2O/O2 sedation procedure, the patient should be placed on 100% oxygen for at least _____ minutes.

Nitrous oxide is contraindicated for use in a patient with which of the following conditions?

Chronic use of barbiturates can lead to physical and psychologic dependence

Which of the following is considered to be the strongest centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant and is used in dentistry for TMD patients?

Phase 1 clinical trials involve all of the following except which one?

On a prescription, the directions to the patient are preceded by

In comparing two drugs, the dose-response curve for the drug that is more efficacious would

When different drugs compete for the same receptor sites, the drug with the stronger affinity for the receptor will bind to

The route of administration of a drug affects

Which will block the action of histamine during a medical emergency allergic reaction?

Which is least likely to be a true allergic reaction?

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) functions as a(n) _____ system for many bodily functions.

The neurotransmitter released from a preganglionic neuron in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is

The S in SLUD stands for

Agents such as albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) cause bronchodilation by binding to _____ receptors

Which of the following is the best to use in pediatric patients for both its analgesic and antipyretic action?

Which opioid is commonly used as an antitussive?

A patient who feels nauseated after taking codeine is allergic to it.

Which of the following agents is the drug of choice for an early dental infection unless the patient is allergic to it?

The misuse of antibiotics has contributed to antibiotic resistance. The solution to reducing the incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is to write more prescriptions for antibiotics.

____ has the highest incidence of gastrointestinal complaints of any of the antibiotics

Which of the following agents is the drug of first choice against infections caused by aerobic microorganisms in penicillin-allergic patients?

Azithromycin and clarithromycin

All of the following are characteristics of the ideal local anesthetic except

Patients with uncontrolled high blood pressure, hyperthyroidism, angina pectoris, and cardiac arrhythmias and those who have had a myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident in the past _____ should make an appointment for elective dental treatment only after their medical condition is under control

Which of the following agents is the most common topical local anesthetic?

Which of the following dental specialists is most likely to use general anesthetic drugs in their offices?

Which of the following drugs can be used to treat heroin addiction?