Navi 2
Navigating the Geoidal Surface: A Comprehensive Quiz
Test your knowledge on geodesy, cartography, and navigation with our detailed 46-question quiz. Perfect for students and professionals alike, this quiz covers a range of topics that are essential for understanding the Earth's gravitational field and its applications in navigation.
Explore topics such as:
- The irregularities of the geoidal surface
- The importance of datums in geodesy
- Different types of map projections
- Charting techniques and tidal measurements
51. What makes the geoidal surface irregular?
The uneven distribution of the earth's mass.
The presence of ocean currents and salinity changes.
The shape of the earth's topographic surface.
The absence of gravity in certain areas.
52. What are the limitations of using the geoid as a mathematical earth model?
Small variations in surface shape over time introduce small errors in measurement.
It has no complete mathematical expression.
The irregularity of the surface would necessitate a prohibitive amount of computations.
All of the above.
53. What do modern navigation systems demand in terms of geodesy?
A less complete understanding than in the past.
No understanding of geodesy at all.
A more complete understanding than has ever been required before.
An understanding of geodesy that is limited to specific regions of the earth.
54. What is the primary focus of geodesy?
The study of ocean currents.
The study of weather patterns.
The exact positioning of points on the surface of the earth.
The study of the earth's atmosphere.
55. What is the purpose of studying variations in the earth's gravity in geodesy?
To better understand the earth's rotation.
To study the movement of tectonic plates.
To track the path of hurricanes.
To make exact measurements on the earth.
56. What is a datum?
A numerical or geometrical quantity used as a reference point
A type of map projection
A type of surveying instrument
A mathematical equation
57. What is the difference between a horizontal datum and a vertical datum?
A horizontal datum is used for measuring heights, while a vertical datum is used for measuring positions
A horizontal datum is used for measuring positions, while a vertical datum is used for measuring heights
A horizontal datum is only used in geodesy, while a vertical datum is only used in navigation
There is no difference between a horizontal datum and a vertical datum
58. What is the purpose of a horizontal datum?
To provide a reference for measuring heights
To compute the coordinates of points in specific geodetic surveys
To serve as a basis for computations of horizontal position
To measure the size and shape of the Earth
59. How is a local datum defined?
Such that the center of the ellipsoid coincides with the Earth’s center of mass
By using GPS coordinates
By measuring the distance to the nearest mountain peak
At an origin point on the ellipsoid
60. From what are the coordinates for points in specific geodetic surveys computed?
Certain initial quantities, or datums
Mathematical equations
Satellites in space
Surveying instruments on the ground
61. What is a datum shift?
The difference in latitude and longitude between two positions.
The difference between the actual location and the plotted position on a chart.
The distance between two charted features.
The change in course due to ocean currents.
62. How can a datum shift be avoided when replotting positions on charts of different datums?
By converting the chart to a different datum.
By using latitude and longitude coordinates only.
By using bearings and ranges to common points.
By adjusting the compass heading.
63. Why might positions defined by latitude and longitude not match on charts of different datums?
The ocean currents have shifted the position.
The datums used for the charts are different.
The magnetic variation has changed.
The charts are not properly calibrated.
64. What do chart corrections in the Notice to Mariners reflect?
The proper datum for each specific chart and edition number.
The current ocean conditions.
The distance between two ports.
The magnetic deviation for each chart.
65. Why may chart corrections intended for one edition of a chart not be safely plotted on any other?
Due to changes in ocean currents.
Due to the conversion of charts based on old datums to more modern ones.
Due to the change in magnetic deviation.
Due to changes in latitude and longitude coordinates.
65. Why must a cartographer project the surface of a sphere onto a developable surface?
To create a Mercator projection
To create a large-scale chart
To avoid distortion of the spherical surface
To increase the amount of detail shown
66. What is a developable surface?
A type of projection used in maritime navigation
A type of chart used in cartography
A surface that cannot be flattened
A surface that can be flattened to form a plane
67. What is a perspective projection?
A projection in which points on the surface of the sphere are projected from a single point
A projection in which the scale of distances is constant along any radial line from the point of tangency
A projection that is centered on the equator
A projection that is not perspective
68. Which projection is most frequently used in maritime navigation?
Gnomonic projection
Mercator projection
Stereographic projection
Orthographic projection
69. What is the distinguishing feature of the Mercator projection?
It is a perspective projection
It cannot include the poles
Both the meridians and parallels are expanded at the same ratio with increased latitude
Great circles appear as curved lines concave to the equator
70. Why do rhumb lines appear as straight lines on a Mercator chart?
Because the scale of distances is constant along any radial line from the point of tangency
Because the projection is centered on the equator
Because the chart has a large-scale
Because the Mercator projection is conformal
71. What is the scale of a chart?
The ratio of a given distance on the chart to the actual distance which it represents on the earth
The ratio of the length of the equator to the length of a parallel
The ratio of the length of a meridian to the length of a parallel
The ratio of the length of a great circle to the length of a rhumb line
72. What is the difference between mean high water (MHW) and mean high water springs (MHWS)?
MHW is the average level of high waters that occur at the time of spring tides, while MHWS is the average height of all high waters over a 19 year period.
MHW is the average height of all high waters over a 19 year period, while MHWS is the average level of high waters that occur at the time of spring tides.
MHW is the average height of the higher high waters of each tidal day, while MHWS is the average height of the higher high waters that occur when the moon is near maximum declination.
MHW is the average height of the higher high waters that occur when the moon is near maximum declination, while MHWS is the average height of the higher high waters of each tidal day.
73. What is the border scale on a Mercator chart?
The scale near the latitude in question
The scale of the equator
The scale at the border of the chart
The scale of the poles
74. What is a small-scale chart?
A chart covering a relatively small area
A chart with a high level of detail
A chart with a low level of detail
A chart covering a relatively large area
75. What is a large-scale chart?
A chart covering a relatively small area
A chart covering a relatively large area
A chart with a high level of detail
A chart with a low level of detail
76. What is generalisation?
The process of increasing the amount of detail shown on a chart as scale increases
The process of decreasing the amount of detail shown on a chart as scale decreases
The process of creating a small-scale chart from a large-scale chart
The process of creating a large-scale chart from a small-scale chart
77. Which notation expresses latitude and longitude in whole degrees while minutes and seconds are expressed as a fraction of a degree?
DMS notation
GPS/chart notation
Decimal notation
None of the above
78 What is the representation of latitude using DMS notation?
44°28.72'N
44.479°N
None of the above
44°28'43"N
79. What is the representation of longitude using GPS/chart notation?
073°14.43'W
.073.241°W
44°28.72'N
None of the above
80. What is the representation of latitude and longitude using DMS notation ?
44°28.72'N, 073°14.43'W
44°28'43"N, 073°14'26"W
44.479°N, 073.241°W
None of the above
81. What is the representation of latitude and longitude using decimal notation?
44°28'43"N, 073°14'26"W
44°28.72'N, 073°14.43'W
44.479°N, 073.241°W
None of the above
82. How is latitude and longitude expressed in GPS/chart notation?
In whole degrees and minutes only
In degrees, minutes, and seconds
None of the above
In whole degrees and tenths of minutes
83. Convert the coordinate 30°45'15"N, 80°10'30"W to decimal format.
30.7541667° N, 80.175° W
30.7158333° N, -80.175° W
30.7158333° S, 80.175° E
-30.7541667° S, -80.175° W
84. Convert the coordinate -23°30'45"S, 45°20'15"E to decimal format.
23.5125° N, -45.3375° W
23.5125° S, 45.3375° E
-23.5125° S, 45.3375° W
-23.5125° N, 45.3375° E
85. Convert the decimal coordinate 36.115833° N, -112.112778° W to DMS format.
B. 36° 11' 10" N, 112° 6' 46" W
C. 36° 6' 57" N, 112° 11' 10" W
A. 36° 6' 57" N, 112° 6' 46" W
D. 36° 11' 10" N, 112° 11' 10" W
86. Convert the decimal coordinate -33.859972° S, 151.211111° E to DMS format.
33° 51' 35.90" N, 151° 12' 39.99" E
33° 51' 35.90" S, 151° 12' 39.99" W
33° 51' 35.90" N, 151° 12' 39.99" W
33° 51' 35.90" S, 151° 12' 39.99" E
87. Convert the coordinate 23°25'30"N, 75°56'15"E to decimal format.
23.425° N, 75.9375° E
23.425° S, -75.9375° W
23.425° S, 75.9375° E
23.425° N, -75.9375° W
88. Convert the coordinate -43°30'15"S, -65°10'30"W to decimal format.
43.5041667° N, -65.175° W
43.5041667° S, 65.175° W
-43.5041667° S, 65.175° E
-43.5041667° N, -65.175° E
89. What is the cause of tides?
Changes in atmospheric pressure
Changes in ocean temperature
Changes in the attractive forces of the moon and sun upon the rotating earth
Changes in ocean salinity
90. How can tides affect a mariner?
They have no impact on a mariner
They always hinder a mariner
They always help a mariner
They can either help or hinder a mariner
91. What is the effect of a high tide?
It may provide enough depth to clear a bar
It may prevent entering or leaving a harbor
It always sets the ship toward dangers
It always sets the ship away from dangers
92. What is the effect of a low tide?
It may provide enough depth to clear a bar
It may prevent entering or leaving a harbor
It always sets the ship toward dangers
It always sets the ship away from dangers
93. What is the effect of tidal current on a ship?
It always helps the ship
It always hinders the ship
It may help progress or hinder it
It has no impact on the ship
94. What is the difference between tide and tidal current?
Tide is the horizontal flow of water, and tidal current is the vertical rise and fall.
Tide and tidal current refer to the same thing.
Tide is the vertical rise and fall of the water, and tidal current is the horizontal flow.
None of above
95. Which of the following does the navigator need to be concerned about in relation to accessing shallow ports?
The amount and time of the tide.
The time, speed, and direction of the tidal current.
The temperature of the water.
None of above
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