Webtek part 1 Prelims
Webtek Part 1 Prelims Quiz
Test your knowledge of internet protocols, web standards, and the history of networking through our comprehensive quiz designed for enthusiasts and professionals alike.
Engage with a series of 76 thought-provoking questions including:
- History of the Internet
- Networking Concepts
- Web Standards and Protocols
A global information system that is logically linked together by a globally unique address space based on IP.
Internet
World Wide Web
Intranet
An early packet switching network and the first network to implement the protocol suite TCP/IP
ARPANET(Advanced Research Projects Agency Network)
Intranet
DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)
Beginning of the internetwork
1969
1968
1979
1968
Research program to allow networked computers to communicate transparently across multiple, linked packet networks.
DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)
ARPANET(Advanced Research Projects Agency Network)
Intranet
Outside boundary
Internet
Intranet
The web
Within a boundary
The web
Intranet
Internet
Connecting devices together
Network
The web
Internet
Different devices connected to the network.
Nodes
Cellphones
Network devices
Standardized, a formal set of rules that governs how computers and other network devices exchange information over a network.
Network Protocol
HTTP
RFC
A system made up of internet servers, all the interlinked HTML pages that can be accessed over the Internet. (1989) by Tim Berners Lee www was designed in (1991) while he was at CERN.
WWW
Network
Internet
Web standards.
WWW
W3C
HTTP
Is a formal document from the (IETF) that is the result of committee drafting and subsequent review by interested parties.
RFC(Request for Comments)
HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
WWW(World Wide Web)
Defines standard Internet operating protocols such as TCP/IP.
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
RFC(Request for Comments)
HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
Do thing document by document.
WAIS (Wide Area Information Server)
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
Gopher (protocol)
Almost similar with WAIS
Gopher (protocol)
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
RFC(Request for Comments)
Forum ex. Stack overflow
Usenet
Gopher
Stackoverflow
Is the European Organization for Nuclear Research.
CERN(European Organization for Nuclear Research)
W3C(World Wide Web Consortium)
WWW (World Wide Web)
Web program that host web resources
Web servers
Network
Internet
A more intelligent web
Semantic Web
IOT(Internet Of Things)
Browsers
Application layer communication protocol used to access resources (hypertext/hypermedia) on the WWW.
HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
Gopher (protocol)
RFC(Request for Comments)
Invented HTTP
Tim Berners-Lee
Timmy Berners-Lee
Aristotle
Protocol of Google
HTTP
Gopher
SPDY
HTTP Version history:
• HTTP 0.9 (1991)
• HTTP 1.0 (RFC 1945, May 1996)
• HTTP 1.1 (RFC 2068 Jan. 1997, RFC 2616 June 1999) RFC 7230-7235 June 2014
• HTTP 2 (RFC 7540 May 2015)
HTTP Version history:
• HTTP 0.9 (1991)
• HTTP 1.0 (RFC 1945, May 1996)
• HTTP 1.1 (RFC 2068 Jan. 1997, RFC 2616 June 1999) RFC 7230-7235 June 2014
• HTTP 2 (RFC 7540 May 2015)
HTTP Fundamentals – http runs on the top of TCP/IP using TCP port 80 by default or TCP port 443 for HTTPS (HTTP over SSL/TLS)
HTTP Fundamentals – http runs on the top of TCP/IP using TCP port 80 by default or TCP port 443 for HTTPS (HTTP over SSL/TLS)
Cryptographic protocol, encrypt link between a server and a client
SSL – (Secure Sockets Layer)
TLS – (Transport Layer Security)
Cryptographic protocol that provide communications security over a computer network
SSL – (Secure Sockets Layer)
TLS – (Transport Layer Security)
The server on which a given resource is to be created.
Origin servers
Proxy servers
Acts as an intermediary between a server and a client.
Origin servers
Proxy servers
Is a department of ICANN, oversees global IP address allocation, autonomous system number allocation, root zone management in the Domain Name System (DNS), media types, and other Internet Protocol-related symbols and Internet
IANA – (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)
ICANN – (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)
DNS – (Domain Name System)
Is responsible for coordinating the maintenance and procedures of several databases related to the namespaces of the Internet, ensuring the network's stable and secure operation.
ICANN – (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)
IANA – (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)
DNS – (Domain Name System)
System for converting alphabetic names into numeric IP addresses.
DNS – (Domain Name System)
ICANN – (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)
IANA – (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)
HTTP – uses a request – response standard protocol
- The client sends an HTTP request message to the server
- The server processes the request and replies with an HTTP response message
HTTP – uses a request – response standard protocol
- The client sends an HTTP request message to the server
- The server processes the request and replies with an HTTP response message
HTTP – is a stateless communication protocol
- Push – server can now initiate, server contact the client
- Servers do not keep information about clients in-between request (only keeps access log).
- Pull –
- Polling – periodically checks the new information manually or uses script and it is not very efficient.
HTTP – is a stateless communication protocol
- Push – server can now initiate, server contact the client
- Servers do not keep information about clients in-between request (only keeps access log).
- Pull –
- Polling – periodically checks the new information manually or uses script and it is not very efficient.
HTTP – provides support for other functionalities such as:
o Cache control – local storage
o Content media type (MIME) specification
o Language and character set specification
o Content or transfer codings
o Content negotiation
o Client server protocol negotiations
o Persistent connections
o Request pipelining
o Authentication or authorization
HTTP – provides support for other functionalities such as:
o Cache control – local storage
o Content media type (MIME) specification
o Language and character set specification
o Content or transfer codings
o Content negotiation
o Client server protocol negotiations
o Persistent connections
o Request pipelining
o Authentication or authorization
MIME
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
Multiple Internet Mail Extensions
Multiple Internet Mail Exits
Search engine, know the traffic of your website
Google analytics
Google Crawlers
Google Webmaster
Request something the server response and also request something (server volunteer to request associated resources)
Push
Pull
Get
Are identified using URI’s or more specifically HTTP URL’s.
HTTP Resource
Web Resources
DNS
Name ex. ISBN an international book number or serial number, UPC a universal product code
URN - (Uniform Resource Name)
HTTP Resource
URL - (Uniform Resource Locator)
Links
URL - (Uniform Resource Locator)
URN - (Uniform Resource Name)
HTTP Resource
Information about the server, port, authentication
Authority
Access Pass
Description
Http/https
Protocols
Scheme
URL
Domain name (resolved to an IP address using DNS) of the server where the resource resides or will be created.
Host
Server
URL
Complete may refer to a static or dynamic resource (ex. /info/profile.php?)
Absolute URL
Relative URL
Website
Typically provided as key = value pairs, with ampersand separators between key or value pairs. – may be URL encoded
Query
Data Mining
Search
Start with hash tag or pound sign ex. Page1.1#xyz…
Fragment identifier
Tags
Indentifier
Used by either client or server
General
Public
Request
o General – used by either client or server
o Request – client
o Response – server
o Entity – content
o General – used by either client or server
o Request – client
o Response – server
o Entity – content
requires at least the Host request header to be provided
HTTP 1.1
HTTP 1.2
HTTP 2.1
Message Body (payload) – optional
o DNT – do not track, an extension
o Upgrade – Insecure – Request – also an extension
o Blank line after the Accept- Language – means terminate
Message Body (payload) – optional
o DNT – do not track, an extension
o Upgrade – Insecure – Request – also an extension
o Blank line after the Accept- Language – means terminate
1XX
Information
Information
Information
Information
Information
2XX
Information
Information
Information
Information
Information
3XX
Information
Information
Information
Information
Information
4XX
Information
Information
Information
Information
Information
5XX
Information
Information
Information
Information
Information
Message Body – (payload) optional
o Request header – ex. HOST, user-agents
o General header – ex. Connection both request and response
o HTML, Script, CSS – text file
Message Body – (payload) optional
o Request header – ex. HOST, user-agents
o General header – ex. Connection both request and response
o HTML, Script, CSS – text file
Transfer of a current selected representation of the target resource.
GET
GET
GET
GET
GET
Same as GET, but only transfer the status line and header section.
GET
GET
GET
GET
GET
You can compose a request and modify GET to HEAD
GET
GET
GET
GET
GET
Slow deterioration of software performance over time eventually lead to software becoming unusable
GET
GET
GET
GET
GET
Hyperlinks that have become permanently unavailable.
GET
GET
GET
GET
GET
Fiddler
A transparent proxy
Hacking Software
Web activity Reader
Perform resource specific processing on the request payload.
POST
POST
POST
Replace all current representations of the target resource with the request payload.
POST
POST
POST
Removes all current representations of the target resource.
POST
POST
POST
Retrieves properties
PROPFIND
PROPPATCH
MKCOL
Processes instructions
PROPFIND
PROPPATCH
MKCOL
Special syntax is to add * - means asking server a general information
OPTION
TRACE
CONNECT
Request a loop back of the request message (ei. Request the server to echo back to the client the received request message) – typically used for testing or diagnostics of the request or response chain.
TRACE
OPTION
CONNECT
Request the establishment of a (encryption) tunnel to the destination origin server and if successful there after restrict it behavior to blind forwarding of packets, in both directions, until the tunnel is closed.
CONNECT
OPTION
TRACE
Safe method, not safe, idempotent method, cacheable method
Categorize
Category
Class
No changes has done – GET, HEAD, OPTION, TRACE
Safe Mode
Not Safe
Idempotent
POST, PUT, DELETE
Safe Mode
Not Safe
Idempotent
GET, HEAD, OPTION, TRACE, DELETE, PUT – no changes even if you retrieve several times, same result – POST is not idempotent because POST can make changes
Idempotent
Safe Mode
Not Safe
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