Neuroana
What are the vertebral level
-T3,T6,T9,T12,L2
-T6,T9,T12, L2-L3
Terminal point of the spinal cord
Conus laterallis
Conus medullaris
Conus mediallaris
Receives all afferent sensory impluses
Ventral horn
Ventral root
Dorsal root
Dorsal horn
Send out all efferent motor impulses
Ventral root
Dorsal root
Dorsal horn
Ventral horn
Widest at C5-T1 and T12-L3 Because these are responsible for upper and lower extremities
Gray matter
White matter
Responsible for receiving pain sensation
Nucleus Proprius Dorsalis
Dorsal Nucleus of Clarke
Substancia Gelatinosa
Receive unconscious proprioception
Nucleus Proprius Dorsalis
Dorsal Nucleus of Clarke
Substancia Gelatinosa
Responsible for temperature sensation
Substancia Gelatinosa
Nucleus Proprius Dorsalis
Dorsal Nucleus of Clarke
TYPES OF ANTERIOR HORN CELL – for innervating muscle fibers at ends of muscle spindle (intrafusal fibers – for proprioception)
Small Gamma Motor Neurons
Large Alpha Motor Neurons
TYPES OF ANTERIOR HORN CELL– for innervating regular skeletal muscles (extrafusal fibers)
Small Gamma Motor Neurons
Large Alpha Motor Neurons
Composed of axons and fiber tracts
White mater
Grey matter
Pia matter
Dura matter
Dorsal columns – for lower extremity sensation
Fasciculus Gracilis (medially)
Fasciculus Cuneatus (laterally)
Dorsal columns for upper extremity sensation
Fasciculus Gracilis (medially)
Fasciculus Cuneatus (laterally)
Tracts for white matter
Cortico spinal tract (largest descending motor fibers)
Spinothalamic tracts (lateral and anterior)
Spinocerebellar tracts (lateral)
Black – sensory tracts
Red – motor tracts
Descending tract that delivers motor impulses from the brain and brainstem to the anterior horn cell
SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT
SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACTS
CORTICOSPINAL TRACT
Receives pain, temperature impulses from the dorsal horn and sends them up to the thalamus and Area 3,1,2
SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT
SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACTS
CORTICOSPINAL TRACT
Receives unconscious proprioception from the extremities and brings them to the cerebellum
SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT
SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACTS
CORTICOSPINAL TRACT
Cell body of the Neuron 1 Spinothalamic tract
Dorsal root ganglion
Lateral horn
Nucleus proprius dorsalis
Vestibular nuclei
Cerebral cortex
Cuneatus
Location Cell body for neuron 2 lateral spinothalamic tract temperature sense
Substantia gelatinosa
Nucleus proprius dorsalis
Location Cell body for neuron 2 lateral spinothalamic tract temperature pain
Substantia gelatinosa
Nucleus proprius dorsalis
Location Cell body for neuron 2 DORSAL COLUMN MEDIAL LEMNISCUS- upper ex
Cuneatus
Gracilis
Location Cell body for neuron 2 DORSAL COLUMN MEDIAL LEMNISCUS- lower ex
Cunaetus
Gracilis
Location cell body for neuron 2 Ventral spinothalamic tract
SUBSTANCIA GELATINOSA
NUCLEUS PROPRIUS DORSALIS
DORSAL NUCLEUS OF CLARKE
Location cell body for neuron 3 Lateral spinothalamic tract
VPL (thalamus)
Cortex
Location cell body for neuron 3 dorsal column medial lemniscus
VPL (thalamus)
Cortex
Location cell body for neuron 2 spinocerebellar tract
SUBSTANCIA GELATINOSA
NUCLEUS PROPRIUS DORSALIS
DORSAL NUCLEUS OF CLARKE
Location cell body for corticospinal tract
Thalamus
Cerebral cortex
Location cell body for corticobulbar tract
Thalamus
Cortex
Location cell body vestibular tract
Red nucleus
Pons
Vestibular nuclei
Location cell body rubrospinal tract
Red nucleus
Pons
Vestibular nuclei
Location cell body reticulospinal tract
Red nucleus
Vestibular nuclei
Pons
Location cell body Sympthetic preganglionic
Pons
Cortex
Lateral horn
Location cell body preganglionic neuron
Outside the central nervous system
inside the central nervous system
Location cell body Postganglionic neuron
Outside the central nervous system
inside the central nervous system
For voluntary muscle contraction of the trunk muscles (UEX and LEX)
Corticospinal tract
Corticobulbar tract
For voluntary muscle contraction cranial nerves
Corticospinal tract
Corticobulbar tract
Needed for reorienting the head
RUBROSPINAL
VESTIBULOSPINAL
RETICULOSPINAL
Works together with the rubrospinal tract
RUBROSPINAL
VESTIBULOSPINAL
RETICULOSPINAL
For reorientation of the trunk • Bilaterally goes down to the spinal cord for reorientation of the trunk
VESTIBULOSPINAL
RUBROSPINAL
RETICULOSPINAL
RIGHT PONTINE STROKE, WHERE IS THERE LOSS OF VIBRATORY SENSE ?
Right
Left
PART OF THE TRACTS CHOOSE AREA OF DECUSSATION (Anterior spinothalamic tract)
Medulla
Spinal cord
Pons
Clarke's
NOTA
PART OF THE TRACTS CHOOSE AREA OF DECUSSATION (Lateral spinothalamic tract)
Medulla
Spinal cord
Pons
Clarkes
NOTA
PART OF THE TRACTS CHOOSE AREA OF DECUSSATION ( dorsal column medial leminiscus)
Medulla
Pons
Clarkes
Spinal cord
NOTA
PART OF THE TRACTS CHOOSE AREA OF DECUSSATION (Corticospinal tract )
Medulla
Pons
Spinal cord
Clarkes
NOTA
PART OF THE TRACTS CHOOSE AREA OF DECUSSATION ( dorsal spinocerebellar tract)
Medulla
Spinal cord
Pons
Clarkes
NOTA
PART OF THE TRACTS CHOOSE AREA OF DECUSSATION ( ventral spinocerebellar tract)
Pons
Medulla
Clarkes
Spinal cord
Nota
PART OF THE TRACTS CHOOSE AREA OF DECUSSATION ( corticobulbar facial nuclei )
Medulla
Pons
Spinal cord
Clarkes
NOTA
PART OF THE TRACTS CHOOSE AREA OF DECUSSATION ( corticobulbar hypoglossal0
Medulla
Pons
Spinal cord
Clarkes
NOTA
Wrapped the neuron
Endoneurium
Perineurium
Epineurium
Spinal root wrapped by
Endoneurium
Perineurium
Epineurium
Each peripheral nerve wrapped by
Endoneurium
Perineurium
Epineurium
Compression of the whole nerve (temporary)
Neuropraxia
Neurotmesis
Axonotmesis
Both axons and nerve sheaths cut (trauma)
Neuropraxia
Axonotmesis
Neurotmesis
Axon cut but nerve sheath intact
Neuropraxia
Axonotmesis
Neurotmesis
Plexus that supplies posterior thigh and calf and foot
Brachial plexus
Sacral plexus
Lumbosacral plexus
Gluteal nerves
Plexus that supplies lower ex , or all sensory and motor thigh except posterior thigh
Gluteal nerves
Lumbosacral plexus
Brachial plexus
Sacral plexus
THE LUMBAR PLEXUS ( L1-4) SUPPLIES SENSORY AND MOTOR TO 3 branches
Anterior
Posterior
Medial
Lateral
THE SACRAL PLEXUS 4 main branches
Tibial nerve
Posterior nerve
Common peroneal nerve
Pudendal nerve
Pelvic splanchnic nerves
THE SENSORY AND MOTOR INNERVATION OF THE PERINEAL AREA IS BY THIS NERVE:
Tibial nerve
Common peroneal nerve
Pudendal nerve
Pelvic splanchnic nerves
THE EXTRAFUSAL FIBERS ARE INNERVATED BY THE :
Alpha motor neuron
Gamma motor neuron
THE SACRAL COMPONENT OF THE PARASYMPATHETIC PLEXUS SUPPLIES
Pudendal
Tibial nerve
Common peroneal nerve
Pelvic splanchnic nerve
WHEN ONE WANTS TO DROP DOWN INTO HIS BED AFTER A TIRING DAY, WHAT LEVEL OR PART OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM WILL BE INHIBITED:
Parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM THAT GOES TO THE SKIN AND EXTREMTIES USES THIS GANGLION:
PARAVERTEBRAL GANGLION
PREVERTEBRAL GANGLION
THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM SUPPLIES THE ORGANS OF THE THORAX AND ABDOMEN THROUGH
PARAVERTEBRAL GANGLION
PERIVERTEBRAL GANGLION
THE CELL BODY OF THE POST GANGLIONIC NEURON OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYTEM IS LOCATED . . .
Outside the central nervous system( ganglions)
Inside the outside the central nervous system( ganglions)
THE ENTRY OF THE SYMPATHETIC PREGANGLIONIC NEURON INTO THE GANGLION IS THROUGH THE . . .
White rami
Grey rami
THE ENTRY OF THE SYMPATHETIC POSTGANGLIONIC NEURON INTO THE GANGLION IS THROUGH THE . . .
White rami
Grey rami
Posture is maintained mainly due to this level
Highest level
Middle level
Lowest level
Spinal
Highest level
Middle level
Lowest level
Cortical
Highest level
Middle level
Lowest level
WITHOUT THIS LEVEL NO MUSCLE WILL CONTRACT:
Highest
Lowest ( spinal)
Middle
The cerebellum has a role in both the cortical and brainstem level , thus the cerebellum can directly control balance
True
False
Brainstem level functions involuntarily for posture and balance , however the spinal level overdue the brainstem level
True
False
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