CN
Which OSI layer is responsible for the transmission of bit streams over a physical medium?
Application Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Network Layer
What is the primary purpose of the Data Link Layer in the OSI model?
Routing data across networks
Encoding data for transmission
Validating transmitted and received data streams
Establishing communication sessions
Which OSI layer handles the encryption and decryption of messages?
Presentation Layer
Transport Layer
Session Layer
Application Layer
What type of transmission media is considered intangible in network communication?
Twisted Pair Cable
Coaxial Cable
Fiber-Optic Cabling
Wireless
Which layer of the OSI model is optional when computers are on the same network segment?
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
What is the primary function of a repeater in a network?
Routing data
Converting data streams into frames
Amplifying and retransmitting signals
Encrypting transmitted data
What does the acronym CRC stand for in the context of network communication?
Cyclic Redundancy Check
Central Routing Code
Cross Routing Channel
Connection Relay Circuit
Which layer in the OSI model provides the interface between user applications and network services?
Presentation Layer
Application Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Which of the following is responsible for ensuring the flow of communication between two computers?
Session Layer
Data Link Layer
Network Layer
Physical Layer
What is the standard used for wireless LANs according to IEEE?
IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.5
IEEE 802.3
IEEE 802.7
What is the purpose of the Transport Layer in the OSI model?
Ensuring end-to-end message integrity
Encoding and decoding data
Creating a route for data transmission
Providing data frames
Which of the following transmission media is considered tangible?
Wi-Fi
Fiber-Optic Cabling
Radio waves
Microwaves
Which of the following is NOT a typical type of LAN?
Bus-Based LAN
Repeaterless LAN
Hub-Based LAN
Star-Based LAN
Which organization is responsible for publishing telecommunication and data communication standards?
ANSI
IEEE
ISO
IAB
What kind of signal does the Physical Layer typically use for encoding?
Digital
Electromagnetic
Optical
Acoustic
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for ensuring the correct order of packets?
Transport Layer
Session Layer
Data Link Layer
Network Layer
Which of the following describes a Repeaterless LAN?
A LAN without any hubs or switches
A LAN where devices connect to a central router
A LAN where data is transmitted through wireless waves only
A LAN where two computers connect directly to each other
What device is responsible for amplifying and retransmitting signals in a network?
Router
Switch
Hub
Repeater
Which of the following is a characteristic of a Coaxial Cable?
Used for wireless transmission
Less susceptible to electromagnetic interference
Requires less shielding
Often used in Ethernet connections
Which of the following OSI layers does the Ethernet protocol operate on?
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Transport Layer
Application Layer
Which of the following is a routable protocol?
ARP
IPX
Ethernet
PPP
How close each measurement is to one another
What type of transmission media is used in fiber-optic cabling?
Electrical signals
Electromagnetic waves
Light signals
Radio signals
Which OSI layer is responsible for handling IP addresses?
Physical Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
What is the main role of the Application Layer in the OSI model?
Encryption and decryption of data
Interface between user applications and network services
Error checking
Flow control
Which OSI layer is primarily concerned with the structure of data and its encoding?
Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Data Link Layer
Transport Layer
In a LAN, what does a hub do?
Routes packets between devices
Connects devices together and amplifies signals
Encrypts data before transmission
Sends data directly to the correct recipient
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the Transport Layer?
Detecting packet loss
Ensuring data is correctly ordered
Fragmenting packets
Routing packets to their destination
What is the function of a session in the Session Layer?
Managing the physical transmission medium
Maintaining continuous communication between two devices
Transmitting data packets
Encrypting and decrypting data
Which type of network connects computers over long distances, typically across cities or countries?
LAN
MAN
WAN
VPN
i(𝑡) = 2/(rad)2 * 𝑒^60°
Which of the following statements is true about a Bus-Based LAN?
All devices are connected to a central hub
It requires a master device to control the network
Devices are connected in a line or bus configuration
Data is transmitted in parallel across multiple paths
𝑢𝐶 = 1/𝜔𝐶 𝑖
Which of the following is true regarding twisted pair wires used in LANs?
They are used primarily for wireless transmission
They are less prone to interference compared to coaxial cables
They are commonly used for short-distance transmission
They are used exclusively for high-speed data transmission
forward phase-shifted magnitude by 𝜋/2
What does the term "attenuation" refer to in a network?
The strengthening of a signal during transmission
The distortion of a signal during transmission
The degradation of a signal's strength over distance
The process of encrypting data before transmission
Which OSI layer is responsible for providing end-to-end data integrity and error recovery?
Transport Layer
Application Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Which of the following is used to uniquely identify a network device in the Data Link Layer?
IP Address
MAC Address
Domain Name
Port Number
Which OSI layer ensures that data is delivered in the correct order to the recipient?
Transport Layer
Session Layer
Network Layer
Application Layer
What is the role of the Data Link Layer in data transmission?
Encrypts data
Forms packets for transmission
Detects and corrects transmission errors
Routes packets to their destination
In which type of network does each device communicate directly with each other without a central hub or router?
Star Network
Mesh Network
Peer-to-Peer Network
Bus Network
What is the primary difference between LANs and WANs?
WANs are used within a single building, while LANs cover larger areas
LANs are for long-distance communication, while WANs are for short distances
LANs operate over limited areas, while WANs span larger geographical regions
LANs use wireless technology, while WANs use cables
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for the flow control of data between sender and receiver?
Physical Layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Data Link Layer
Which of the following is NOT a feature of fiber-optic cabling?
High data transmission speed
Less susceptibility to interference
Uses light signals for transmission
Prone to electromagnetic interference
0.0793
What is the primary function of the Presentation Layer?
Data segmentation and error handling
Ensuring data is transmitted between the sender and receiver
Translating, encrypting, and compressing data
Providing a user interface for network applications
What does the term "protocol" refer to in networking?
The hardware used in networking
The process of encrypting data
The rules governing communication between devices
The physical connection between devices
Which type of transmission media can transmit data over long distances with minimal signal loss?
Coaxial Cable
Twisted Pair Wire
Fiber-Optic Cable
Radio Waves
Which OSI layer is responsible for routing packets across networks?
Application Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Transport Layer
Which component is used to connect different networks together and route traffic between them?
Hub
Switch
Router
Repeater
Which of the following is NOT a role of the Application Layer?
Managing user interactions with network applications
Defining data formats and network protocols
Providing error detection for received data
Providing services like email and file transfers
What is a common feature of a Hub-Based LAN?
Devices communicate directly with each other
A central hub connects all devices
Each device is connected to a router
It uses wireless transmission only
Which two components make up the IEEE 802.5 Token Ring frame structure?
Source address and data frame
Token and data frame
Frame Check Sequence and token
Destination address and start-of-frame delimiter
What is the primary function of the Transport Layer in the OSI model?
Encoding data for transmission
Ensuring end-to-end message integrity
Establishing communication sessions
Providing hardware-level control
What is the typical payload size of an IEEE 802.3 Ethernet frame?
64 to 1500 octets
128 to 1024 octets
12 to 150 octets
32 to 1024 octets
What type of LAN configuration connects devices directly to a shared transmission bus?
Repeaterless LAN
Hub-Based LAN
Bus-Based LAN
Wireless LAN
What does the Physical Layer convert data streams into for transmission?
Frames
Packets
Binary streams
Protocols
Which layer of the OSI model ensures communication flow between computers?
Transport Layer
Session Layer
Presentation Layer
Application Layer
What is attenuation in the context of network communication?
Signal amplification
Signal distortion due to noise
Gradual degradation of signal strength
Bandwidth limitation
Which type of transmission media uses optical signals for data transport?
Coaxial cable
Twisted pair wire
Fiber-optic cabling
Wireless radio waves
Which layer in the OSI model handles data encoding, encryption, and compression?
Presentation Layer
Transport Layer
Application Layer
Data Link Layer
What does MAC stand for in networking?
Media Address Control
Media Access Control
Machine Access Code
Message Address Code
What is the function of the Frame Check Sequence in a frame?
Ensuring the integrity of transmitted data
Identifying the source address
Specifying the payload size
Encrypting the frame contents
What term describes the unwanted modification of a signal during transit?
Attenuation
Distortion
Amplification
Bandwidth
Which of the following is a routable protocol?
Ethernet
IP
Token Ring
MAC
Which layer translates between incompatible data-encoding formats?
Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Data Link Layer
What does IETF stand for?
Internet Ethernet Technical Forum
Internet Engineering Task Force
International Electronics Transfer Federation
Institute of Electrical and Technical Frameworks
What is the primary function of the Network Interface Card (NIC)?
Amplifying transmitted signals
Formatting and accepting transmitted data for the network
Interpreting the OSI Model layers
Defining network standards
Which OSI layer is responsible for reassembling data streams into frames?
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Transport Layer
Physical Layer
What is the primary purpose of twisted pair wiring in networks?
Protecting against water damage
Reducing electromagnetic interference
Increasing the maximum bandwidth of fiber optics
Amplifying weak signals
Which protocol is considered a connectionless protocol in the OSI model?
TCP
IP
UDP
FTP
What is attenuation in the context of network communication?
The process of amplifying a signal
Gradual weakening of a signal as it travels
Modification of data into packets
Reordering packets after transmission
What type of cable is described as having two concentric conductors and is used for high bandwidth?
Twisted pair cable
Coaxial cable
Fiber-optic cable
Ethernet cable
What is a collision domain in a network?
The area where signals from different networks overlap
A segment of a network where data packets can collide
A secure zone for wireless transmission
The maximum distance a signal can travel
What is the primary benefit of using fiber-optic cables in a network?
Low cost
Simplicity of installation
High resistance to attenuation and electromagnetic interference
Compatibility with all devices
What does CSMA/CD stand for?
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
Centralized Switching for Media Access with Circuit Division
Channel Signal Media Access with Collision Delay
Carrier Signal Management and Collision Detection
Which OSI layer provides error detection and correction through CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)?
Physical Layer
Transport Layer
Data Link Layer
Network Layer
What is the main disadvantage of infrared wireless communication in networks?
Requires expensive hardware
Cannot penetrate opaque objects
Requires licensing by the FCC
Has low data transmission rates
Which network architecture uses a token to regulate data transmission?
Ethernet
Token Ring
FDDI
VG-AnyLAN
What is the purpose of a start-of-frame delimiter in a frame structure?
Indicating the destination address
Marking the beginning of a frame
Synchronizing transmission rates
Signaling an error in transmission
What is the key difference between UDP and TCP protocols?
UDP is connection-oriented; TCP is connectionless
TCP provides error-checking and reliable transmission; UDP does not
TCP is used for local networks; UDP is used for wide-area networks
UDP supports packet sequencing; TCP does not
What is the term for electromagnetic radiation that interferes with signal transmission?
Bandwidth
Distortion
Interference
Modulation
What does the acronym FDDI stand for?
Fast Data Distribution Interface
Fiber Distributed Data Interface
Frame Data Delivery Infrastructure
Full Duplex Data Interface
What is the function of a repeater in a network?
Detecting and correcting errors
Reordering out-of-sequence packets
Amplifying and retransmitting signals
Storing and forwarding packets
What technique does a router use to determine the next hop for a packet?
Collision detection
Routing table lookup
Cyclic redundancy check
Frequency hopping
What is the purpose of a VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network)?
To physically separate devices in a network
To group devices logically, regardless of their physical location
To replace routers in WANs
To provide redundancy in wired networks
What is the function of Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA)?
Detect and correct packet errors
Reorder packets arriving out of sequence
Avoid packet collisions in wireless networks
Ensure full-duplex communication in LANs
Which protocol is most commonly associated with the Application Layer of the OSI model?
HTTP
TCP
UDP
ICMP
What is the purpose of the Length field in an Ethernet frame?
To indicate the type of higher-level protocol
To specify the size of the data payload in the frame
To identify the source and destination addresses
To synchronize transmission rates
Which wireless technology operates in unlicensed frequency bands, such as 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz?
Infrared
Bluetooth
Wi-Fi
Laser communication
What is the primary function of Logical Link Control (LLC) in the OSI model?
Managing error detection and retransmission
Translating data formats for compatibility
Establishing routes for data packets
Providing media access control protocols
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