Diabetes Assessment 1 : Version 2

Which of the following statement is NOT true for glucose function under normal carbohydrate metabolism?

Glucose can be metabolized to produce energy when energy is needed immediately

Glucose can be converted to glycogen and stored in liver and muscle cells when excess glucose is not needed for immediate energy

Additional glucose is converted to protein when glycogen storage capacity reached in liver and muscle

When excess glucose is available, it is converted to ____, through a process called glycogenesis, which occurs primarily in the ____.

Glycogen; pancreas

Glycogen; liver

Glucagon; liver

Glucagon; pancreas

When the action of insulin is abnormal, ____ and ____are alternative sources for energy

Glucose; fat

Fat; protein

Glucose; protein

Glucagon; fat

Which of the following is composed of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol molecule?

Triglyceride

Cholesterol

Glycogen

Polypeptide

Studies have found that insulin sensitivity continued to deteriorate when patients developed from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes, however, there was no significant difference in beta-cell function from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes.

True

False

Which are the possible consequences of neuropathy?

I.Gangrene and amputation following a cut on the foot

II.Erectile dysfunction

III.Parkinson disease

IV.Stroke

V.Hypoglycemia

Which of the following is NOT macrovascular complications?

Coronary artery disease

Kidney disease

Cerebrovascular disease

Peripheral vascular disease

The body adjusts glucose levels by secreting 2 hormones, ___ and ___. These hormones are secreted by special cells from the ___ and work ___to each other.

Insulin; glucagon; pancreas; opposite

Insulin; glucagon; pancreas; synergistic

Incretin; glucagon; liver, opposite

Incretin; glucagon; liver, synergistic

Which of the following is NOT classical symptoms of diabetes?

Polyuria

Unexplained weight gain

Polydipsia

Polyphagia

SGLT2 is a low-affinity, high capacity glucose transporter located in the proximal tubule in the kidneys. It is responsible for 90% of glucose __________. SGLT2 inhibitors block the reabsorption of glucose in the ________, increase glucose _________, and lower blood glucose levels.

Reabsorption, liver, absorption

Reabsorption, kidney, excretion

Absorption, liver, excretion

Reabsorption, kidney, reabsorption

Which of the following (generic-brand) are correct?

I.Dapagliflozin- Jardiance

II.Canagliflozin- Invokana

I.Empagliflozin- Forxiga

III only

II only

I and II

I only

What are the common side effects associated with the SGLT2 inhibitor class?

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Hypoglycemia

Genitourinary tract infection

Weight gain

SGLT2 inhibitors will have compromised HbA1c reduction efficacy in patients with moderate renal insufficiency.

True

False

Sulfonylureas (SU) are

I.Insulin sensitizers

II.Insulin secretagogues

III.Glucagon inhibitors

IV.Glycogen secretagogues

V.Incretin enhancers

I , II, V

III, IV

II only

All of the above

_____________is recommended as the initial choice of oral antidiabetic drugs by the ADA.

Sulfonylurea

Incretin inhibitor

Biguanide

SGLT2 inhibitor

Common side effects of SU are ___

Hyperglycemia, weight gain

Diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia

Weight gain, urinary tract infection

Hypoglycemia, weight gain

Fill in the blanks

Brand name Generic Name Manufacturer

___________ Glimepiride ______________

Diamicron ______________ ______________

Amaryl, Sanofi-Aventis, Gliclazide, Servier

Amaryl, Astra Zeneca, Gliclazide, Pfizer

Glucotrol, Servier, Glargine, Sanofi-Aventis

Glucotrol, Astra Zeneca, Gliclazier, Servier

Which of the following describe the mode of action on Biguanide

I.Stimulate peripheral glucose uptake

II.Increase insulin secretion

III.Delay glucose absorption in the intestines

IV.Decease hepatic glucose production

I, II, III

II, III, IV

I, III, IV

All of the above

What is the mode of action of thiazolidinedione?

Improve tissue response to insulin

Delay carbohydrate absorption

Inhibit hepatic glucose synthesis

Stimulate insulin release from pancreas

Which of the following class acts by delaying carbohydrate absorption?

Biguanide

Thiazolidinedione

SGLT2 inhibitor

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

SU is recommended as first line agent in management of diabetes especially in obese patients

True

False

Which of the following is NOT side effects of thiazolidinedione ?

Weight gain

Edema

Lactic acidosis

Anemia

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