Ethics Test 1
According to the hedonist, happiness is only good for you if you want to be happy.
True
False
Rejecting hedonism requires denying that happiness is intrinsically valuable
True
False
According to Nozick, most people would choose NOT to live in the experience machine.
True
False
In responding to the Swine objection, hedonists often point out that people (unlike swine) are capable of both physical and mental pleasures. Mill explains that Epicurean Hedonist's further responded to the swine objection by writers by arguing for "the superiority of mental over bodily pleasures chiefly in the greater permanency, safety, uncostliness, etc., of the former—that is, in their circumstantial advantages." Which of the following is the best paraphrase of the Epicurean thesis presented in this quotation?
To hell with intellectual pleasures... I'm going to eat this delicious taco!
Mental pleasures are intrinsically more valuable than physical pleasures.
Mental pleasures are BOTH more intrinsically and instrumentally valuable than physical pleasures.
Mental pleasures are instrumentally more valuable than physical pleasures.
Mill's competent judge argument aims to establish a kind of qualitative hedonism which says that:
Mental pleasures are intrinsically more valuable than physical pleasures.
Physical pleasures are more instrumentally valuable than mental pleasures.
Mental pleasures are instrumentally more valuable than physical pleasures.
Physical pleasures are intrinsically more valuable than mental pleasures.
Argument X has true premises and a true conclusion. Is this enough information to determine whether the argument is valid or invalid?
Yes
No
Which of the following best captures the view known as Divine Command Theory?
God issues commands to us because those ations are right, and God forbids various things because they are wrong.
Actions are right or wrong just because they are commanded or forbidden by God.
An all powerful, all good, and all knowing God exists.
God's commands give us an especially reliable way to know what is right or wrong.
According to utilitarianism, the moral rule that tells us to "Do the most overall good" is best described as:
Nonsense. Moral rules are incoherent according to utilitarianism.
A command from God
*NOT* an absolute moral rule
An absolute moral rule
Which of the following best captures the utilitarian explanation for what it is that makes slavery is wrong.
Slavery is a direct violation of a person's freedom and autonomy.
All of the above.
Slavery is intrinsically wrong.
The practice of slavery leads to less happiness overall in the world than we would result if we do not practice slavery.
In responding to the worry that utilitarianism demands too much of us in our deliberation and motivation, utilitarians will stress that the utilitarian principle is best thought of as:
A decision procedure but not a standard of rightness.
A standard of rightness but NOT a decision procedure.
A decision procedure but NOT a standard of rightness.
Neither a standard of rightness nor a decision procedure.
There are some series of statements that fail to make an argument.
True
False
Any argument with a false conclusion is guaranteed to be deductively invalid.
True
False
Which of the following are examples of statements (choose all that apply)?
Samuel Taylor was born in Minnesota
Read the book for your ethics course!
In what room does your summer ethics course meet?
Hooray, ethics class!
I really enjoy Samuel Taylor's ethics course!
Any argument with a false conclusion is guaranteed to be deductively invalid.
True
False
Consider the following argument: If Stella studied for her final exam then she got an A. Stella got an A on her final exam. Therefore, Stella studied for her final exam. This is best described as...
Deductively invalid
Deductively valid
Which of the following are examples of common forms of inductive arguments (choose ALL that apply)?
Inference to the Best Explanation
Analogical Arguments
Disjunctive Syllogism
Modus Ponens
Morality can only be objective if there are absolute moral rules (i.e. Moral rules that are always wrong to break without any exceptions).
True
False
With which of the following would a cultural relativist agree?
Morality is created by the guiding ideals of a society as a whole.
There are no moral truths.
Morality is created by each individual person's opinion.
All of these.
Which of the following is a worry we raised for cultural relativism in class?
Cultural relativism has difficulty accommodate the idea that there can be moral progress within a culture's moral attitudes.
All of these
A contradiction seems to arise when a person belongs to two cultures that have conflicting moral ideals.
Cultural relativism has difficulty supporting the importance of being tolerant of other cultures and beliefs.
If there is wide disagreement between people and societies about a particular claim, then that claim cannot be objectively true.
True
False
If God does not create morality, then religion and God are necessarily irrelevant to ethics.
True
False
According to the definitions in Chapter 5, Atheists are people who believe that God does not exist.
True
False
Atheism is inconsistent with the Divine Command Theory
True
False
Which of the following claims is inconsistent with the Divine Command Theory?
It is wrong to kill innocent people because God commands us to do so.
God commands us not to kill innocent people because it is wrong to do so.
God does not issue any commands to us.
God does not exist.
Plato's Euthyphro Dilemma raises which of the following worries for the Divine Command Theory (DCT)?
If the DCT is true, then God's commands (and thereby morality) are arbitrary.
Many atheists and agnostics behave morally.
If the DCT is true, then we cannot have moral knowledge.
Many theists behave immorally.
What is one worry that some theists have for the view that says God commands us not to kill innocent people because it is wrong to do so?
No answer text provided.
This makes morality arbitrary.
No answer text provided.
This seems to question God's sovereignty by putting morality outside of God's control.
One worry for the appeal to religion as a means of motivating people to do the right thing is that it would only seem to make people more conscientious. However, if this conscientiousness were paired with incorrect moral principles it might actually make a person more likely to do the wrong thing.
True
False
According to Chapter five, what is involved in having a (morally) good character?
Doing the right thing out of hope for a reward from God in the afterlife
Doing the right thing is sufficient for a good character. What motivates you is irrelevant.
Doing the right thing because it is the right thing to do.
Doing the right thing out of fear of punishment from God in the afterlife
Many believe that in order for their to be an objective moral law God must exist. Which of the following is a premise in the "argument for God's creation of morality" for such a view?
Every law requires a lawmaker.
If God does not exist then we would have no reason to be moral.
If divine command theory is true, then theism is true.
If theism is true, then divine command theory is true.
Which of the following conditions must be met if we are to be justified in appealing to religion for moral guidance?
We must have reason to believe God exists.
All of these.
We must have a reliable method for interpretting the religious text.
We must have some rational way to decide which religious text is the correct one.
According to Hedonism, your own happiness improves your life even if you don't want to be happy.
True
False
According to Mill, all of our beliefs can only be known if we have an argument we used to establish that belief.
True
False
Rejecting hedonism requires denying that happiness is intrinsically valuable.
True
False
It is possible for something to be both intrinsically bad but instrumentally good.
True
False
In class we discussed a distinction between empiricism and rationalism. Which of these two views puts a stronger emphasis on the role of experience in: (i) explaining our ability to form concepts/ideas about things and (ii) providing justification for the things we know?
Rationalism
Empiricism
*According to Mill*, what provides us with the best evidence we can get for determining whether something is intrinsically valuable?
People's Desires
The consequences of pursuing a certain goal
Bible
People's Reasoning
In responding to the Swine objection, hedonists often point out that people (unlike swine) are capable of both physical and mental pleasures. Mill explains that Epicurean Hedonist's further responded to the swine objection by writers by arguing for "the superiority of mental over bodily pleasures chiefly in the greater permanency, safety, uncostliness, etc., of the former—that is, in their circumstantial advantages." Which of the following is the best paraphrase of the Epicurean thesis presented in this quotation?
Mental pleasures are BOTH more intrinsically and instrumentally valuable than physical pleasures.
To hell with intellectual pleasures... I'm going to eat this delicious taco!
Mental pleasures are intrinsically more valuable than physical pleasures.
Mental pleasures are instrumentally more valuable than physical pleasures.
According to Mill's Competent Judge Argument, when comparing pleasures (independently of their consequences) most human people show a preference for...
Bodily pleasures over mental pleasures
Neither. Mill thinks people show no preference between mental and bodily pleasures.
Mental pleasures over bodily pleasures
What is Autonomy?
Pleasure someone gets from evil actions.
The ability to live according to your own plan in life
Making progress in one's life.
Living one's life according to someone else's plan rather than your own.
Nozick's experience machine aims to show which of the following:
Happiness is not always intrinsically valuable. ==
Some things besides happiness are intrinsically valuable.
None of these.
Pleasure is the only thing that makes a person's life worth living.
Consequentialism is a theory of value.
True
False
An action that benefits the largest number of people is NOT necessarily the optimific action.
True
False
Consequentialism is a particular kind of Utilitarianism.
True
False
Imagine that Rosie is faced with a choice where every action she could possibly take would only lead to bad consequences. According to consequentialism, there is no morally right action for Rosie to take in this situation.
True
False
What attitude do most utilitarians have toward most conventional moral rules such as 'be kind', 'do not kill an innocent person', 'keep your promises', and 'do not lie'?
The very notion of a moral rule is incoherent and must therefore be abandoned.
Most of these conventional moral rules are absolute. It is always wrong to be mean, it is always wrong to kill an innocent person, and it is always wrong to break a promise.
People should stop thinking in terms of these conventional moral rules. Following these conventional moral rules is usually harmful.
These moral rules are helpful since following them usually leads to the right action, but these rules can be broken in the rare cases where doing so would produce more good.
According to utilitarians, what is most important for determining the morality of actions:
Everyone's well being is equally important.
The well being of strangers.
My own well being.
The well being of your friends and loved ones.
Which of the following is a reason often given in support of adopting a utilitarianism that understanding right action in terms of expected results instead of actual results?
It makes moral knolwedge less demanding (i.e. Easier to get).
It explains why certain actions are *intrinsically* wrong.
All of these.
It does a better job at capturing the idea that the purpose of morality is to make the world the best place it can be.
Which of the following is a reason often given in support of adopting a utilitarianism that understanding right action in terms of actual results instead of expected results?
It explains why no action is inherently wrong and why any kind of action could be morally right depending on the situation.
It does a better job at capturing the idea that the purpose of morality is to make the world the best place it can be.
It makes moral knowledge more demanding (i.e. More difficult to get).
None of these.
According to Utilitarians, what makes someone or something part of the moral community?
Holding the same moral beliefs as most members in your community.
That you act morally in your interactions with other people in society (e.g. You treat them with kindsness and generosity).in your community.
The ability to experience suffering or happiness.
The ability to use reason and language.
he fact that other people care about that person or thing.
Assuming consequentialism is true, which of the following considerations would NOT be relevant for assessing the morality of capital punishment (i.e. The death penalty)?
Whether the people who would receive the death penalty *deserve* to die.
Whether the death penalty reduces crime.
The financial cost of carrying out capital punishment.
Whether the death penalty increases security.
Whether the death penalty causes the convict's family emotional pain.
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