MODULE 2 - The Person with Kidney Failure
Marley a patient on dialysis, has always been sensitive to her condition and tries to hide it from those who are already aware. Recently, her family came to visit and they had a huge celebration. Her last treatment, she complained of muscles weakness and abdominal cramps. When she came in for her treatment this morning, she said her heart wasn't beating properly. What disease or complications is Marley's symptoms pointing to?
Hyperkalemia
Hyponatremia
Hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia
What does ESRD stand for?
End-State Ready Disease
End-Stage Renal Disease
End-Safe Renal Disease
End-State Recover Data
Give the two main type of dialysis.
Chronic Kidney Disease
Hemodialysis
Daily Dialysis
Peritoneal Dialysis
Lucille is on dialysis three times a week. She as been doing very well all along but lately she says she is cold and tired all the time and the technician observes that her gums and nails are very pale. What is Lucille currently experiencing?
Anemia
Hypernatremia
Hypertension
Hypophosphatemia
On the dialysis team, the technician function as:
An independent practitioner
A Surrogate
A Consultant
A contributing member
What can be the cause of Hyperphosphatemia in dialysis patient?
Pruritus
Patient not taking taking their binders with meals and snacks
Adequate treatment
Patient Care
A nephron is made of:
A Glomerulus and a Tubule
A Nephron and a Capsule
The loop of Henley
The bladder and the ureter
What are the treatment/ options for patients with ESRD?
Transplant, Dialysis, Death
PD and Water pills
High Blood Pressure
Diabetes
ACUTE Kidney Failure is a...
Sudden Loss of Kidney Function
ESRD
Dehydration
Which of the following statement best describes a Glomerulus?
An infectious process that involves Bowman's Capsule and Peritubular capillaries
It's a tangled ball of capillaries held together by a membrane called Bowman's Capsule
It's made up of pores that let small substances pass through
It's the capillaries walls and semipermeable membrane
Lucille is on dialysis three times a week. She has been doing very well all along but lately she says she is cold and tired all the time and the technician observes that her gums and nails are very pale.What would be recommended in her treatment?
Erythropoietin (EPO), a hormone that triggers the bone marrow to make red blood cells
A prescription from the Doctor for Calcitriol
Longer treatment time prescribed by the Doctor
Shorter treatment time prescribed by the Doctor
What is the Glomerular filtrate per minute a normal adult makes?
120ml - 130ml
130ml - 145ml
90ml - 110ml
95ml - 110ml
What are some of the symptoms of peripheral neuropathy?
Itching, Restlessness, Nausea
Low Blood Pressure, Fever, Irregular Heartbeat
Restlessness in the legs, Low Blood Pressure, Pins and Needles Feeling
Burning in the hands and feet, Pins and Needles Feeling, Restlessness in the legs
PD Patients most commonly suffer from a painful infection called?
Peritonitis
Peritoneum
Intra-Peritoneal abcess formation
Streptococcal infection
Naomi Lewis is an ESRD patient for the past 10 years. She occasionally skips her treatment whenever she gets impatient with her condition. After skipping one of her treatments, she comes into the clinic complaining of severe itching that doesn't stop. What condition is Naomi experiencing?
Neuropathy
Pericarditis
Amyloidosis
Pruritus
The kidneys make hormones that include which of the following?
Phosphorus
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Calcitriol
Potassium
What is Secondary Hyperparathyroidism?
Renal Osteodystrophy
Low Serum Potassium
Overproduction of Parathyroid Hormone
Underproduction of Parathyroid Hormone
Protein is essential in the diet for the purposes of?
Keep Fluid Balance in the Blood
Provide Energy
Form parts of Enzyme, Hormones and Growth Factors.
Form part of Antibodies.
ESRD patients overtime sometimes develop nerve damage. What is this nerve damage called?
Muscular Dystrophy
Peripheral Neuropathy
Pericarditis
Amyloidosis
The primary cause of anemia in ESRD patient is?
Erythropoietin Deficiency
Calcium Deficiency
Iron Deficiency
Cholecalciferol
What is the normal size and weight of the kidney?
Size of a Deck of cards and weighs 8oz.
Size of your eyes and weighs 12oz
Size of a fist and weighs 5oz
Size of a capsule and weighs 4oz.
The kidneys make chemical signals that act on other parts of the body. These signals are called?
Hormones
Metabolism
Membranes
Electrolytes
What are the excretory functions of the kidneys?
To remove creatinine and Calcium
To rid the body of wastes and excess fluids.
To regulate blood pressure and sleep rhythms.
To remove excess fluid and urea
The leading cause of chronic kidney failure disease for adults in the United States is:
Hypertension
Glomerulonephritis
Diabetes
Urinary obstruction
What are the blood vessels which carry blood to the nephron called?
Glomerulus
Semipermeable
Cortex
Capillaries
The endocrine functions of the Kidney include:
Regulating growth hormone and making thyroid hormone
Making Erythropoietin and active form of vitamin D
Making estrogen and testosterone
Regulating body temperature and sleep rhythms
Sodium helps to maintain the body's water content and fluid balance. What is abbreviation for Sodium and the normal range for patient on dialysis.
Na 135 - 146
S 135 - 146
Na++ 135 - 146
Na+ 135 - 146
The Level of Protein for dialysis patients should be:
4.0 or higher
8.4 - 9.5
Less than 100
3.5 - 5.5
Joseph has been a CKD patient for about 15 years. He has good and bad days. This morning he has come in to treatment feeling very ill. He says he has severe itching and feels tired, he has trouble breathing. The technician thinks he knows what is wrong with Joseph so he asks the nurse to assess him. She then refers him to the doctor. What will Joseph's diagnosis be?
Anemia
Hypercalcemia
Uremia
Pruritus
Which of the following are NOT hemodialysis treatment options?
CAPD, CCPD
Home Dialysis
In-Center, Nocturnal, Short Daily
Short Daily
What is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)?
A law about how to treat patients
A law that created rules about how to document dialysis treatments
A law that created national rules about the security and privacy of health data
Standards on how to manage health care information
"What is the best option for people with Kidney Failure?"
Hemodialysis
Transplant
Peritoneal Dialysis
Morbidity
The tubular system is made up of four parts. What are they? 1-Papillae2-The Proximal Convoluted tubule3-The Loop of Henley4- The distal convoluted tubule5-Calyx6-The Collecting Tube.
1,2,4, and 5
2,4,5, and 6
2,3,4, and 6
1,2,5, and 6
What are the normal healthy hemoglobin (hgb) levels in men and women.
5 - 12 in men, 4 - 10 in women
7 - 14 in men, 6 - 12 in women
14 - 18 in men, 12 - 16 in women
16 - 20 in men, 14 - 18 in women
The quality improvement plan of dialysis facility is focused on improving its mortality rate. "Mortality Rate" refers to.
Infection Rate
Hospitalization Rate
Death Rate
Composite Rate
The kidneys do a number of tasks. What are the key tasks of the Kidney?
To remove wastes, keep fluids and electrolyte in balance, control blood pressure, maintain acid-base balance and make hormones
Regulating growth hormone and making thyroid hormone
Regulate body temperature and sleep rhythms
To remove Calcitriol (Vit. D) which controls the balance of calcium and phosphorus
Anemia in CKD is associated with heart problems, one of the leading causes of death in kidney disease. What is this problem called?
Aortic Valve Stenosis (AVS)
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Congenital Heart Failure (CHF)
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)
Healthy kidneys work 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. What percentage does dialysis provide being done three times a week?
100%
15%
75%
25%
Helping patients cope is part of the care we give at dialysis. What are some of their concerns?
PTH, Anemia, Congestion
Money Concerns, Travel/ Body Image, and life changes
Potassium and Magnesium
Urea, and Sodium and Protein
Which of the following is removed from the patient's blood during Dialysis
Blood
Hormones
Protein
Urea
A patient asks the technician. "What does uremia means" The technicians' response should be based on the understanding that uremia is:
A decrease in the number of red blood cells (RBC)
An increase in the serum potassium level
A decrease in the urine output
An increase of wastes in the blood
A substance that is removed by healthy kidney is:
Iron
Protein
Glucose
Creatinine
What is Hyperphosphatemia?
Low Phosphorus (PO4) level
High Potassium (K) level
High Calcium (Ca) level
High Phosphorus (PO4) level
Who would you describe as "the eyes and ears" of the care team?
The technician
Doctor
Nurse
Social Worker
The Functional unit of the Kidney or the structure in the Kidney that does the work is the:
Cortex
Calyx
Medulla
Nephron
Kidneys help maintain the constant chemical and fluid balance in the body. What is the constant balance called?
Hormone
Homeostasis
Electrolyte
Nephron
Melanie is a wonderful mother, sister, and friend. Recently, she has been diagnosed with CKD and all her friends and family want to help. Who would be the best candidate to be Melanie's donor?
Melanie
A relative
Any donor dead or alive
All of the above
What is creatinine?
Excess of electrolytes
Waste product of muscles
Excess Calcium
Wastes product of sugar
Kidney Failure is a Chronic illness that causes many changes for the person with the disease and his or her family and friends. The dialysis team member with special training in helping people to adjust to these changes is the:
Nurse
Physician
Social Worker
Technician
What is the second leading cause of CKD in the United States?
Diabetes
Hypertension
Kidney Failure
Eating the wrong food
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