Decision Making Practice - Good Luck babe <3

What is a problem for an organization

Choice made when faced with a set of alternatives

Set of objectives or goals

Difference between professional a line worker

Difference between current state and goal state

Which of the following should you not do when solving a problem

Define the problem

Gather information

Accept the first solution

Make a decision

A person who is affected by a problem or needs to be involved to solve it is a

Stakeholder

Crowdsourcer

Motivator

Risk taker

When solving a problem for someone else, which of the following should you NOT do

Let the stakeholders fine their own solutions

Recommend alternative solutions

Communicate your progress

Demonstrate the benefits of solutions

The first step in problem solving is to

Make a decision

Identify shortcomings

Describe the problem-solving traps

Communicate your progress

Which of the following is a primary resource of information about a problem

Observation

Magazine article

Web site

Organization files

The purpose of a problem statement is to

Determine the cause

Define the solution

Assign responsibilty

Describe a single problem objectively

A statement such as "Plans to add tours, develop out web site and expand staff are now on hold until we can solve this problem" is an example of

Defining the ideal situation

Describing the symptoms of the problem

Identifying the consequences

Describing the size and scope of the problem

What do you do when using the 5 whys technique

Identify you, yourself, yours, youth, and yield

Ask why and challenge the answer with another why five times

Draw a fishbone diagram

Limit yourself to five questions

What does a cause and effect diagram show

Who is causing a problem

Many causes for a complicated problem

Many solutions for a complicated problem

The root cause of a problem

An effective way to deal with a complex problem is to

Break it down into smaller problems

Build your confidence for solving it

Describe its size and scope

Assign it to someone else

After identifying subproblems, you should

Sort or rank them

Brainstorm

Use the 5 why technique

Focus on the main problem

What is risk

A random form of success

A way to react to a problem

Exposure to the possibility of loss or damage

A way to solve a problem

What type of solutions should seek when solving problems

One with low risk and high reward

One with high risk and high reward

One with low risk and low reward

One with high risk and low reward

Which of the following is a common problem-solving trap

Bandwagon effect

Office politics pitfall

Not in my backyard syndrome

Wild west mentality

Which of the following is not a symptom of overconfidence

Underestimating the length of a task

Overestimating the change that something you want will occur

Being overly optimistic about your decision

Asking trusted coworkers for their opoinions

Crowdsourcing is a way to

Use a proven time-management techniques to solve problems

Use overseas workers to perform tasks

Reduce risk and increase rewards

Use group to solve problem

The most successful crowdsourcing examples involve

Volunteer efforts where the results are provided for the common good

Persuading customers to purchase services

Products that have specific, limited appeal

High company profits with low crowd compensation

Before you start collecting new information through observations or experiments, you should

Analyze the alternatives

Makes quick decisions

Look for sources of existing information

Subscribe to new sources of information

What kind of data should you collect to solve a problem of customer dissatisfaction with a product or service?

Employee reports and logs

Customer surveys and comments

Secondary sources such as books and web sites

Organization records trades associations and business databases

Why should you use your creativity when developing alternatives

To identify as many ideas as possible

To stay anchored to your initial ideas

To enjoy the experience

To delay a decision

Which of the following is a useful creativity tool for generating ideas

Mind map

Brain wave

Mindstorm

Mashup

Cost, time and usefulness are examples of

Primary resources

Adaptive techniques

Common problems

Evaluation criteria

Which of the following should you NOT do before making a decision

Weigh the criteria

Rate the alternatives

Wait for the ideal solution

Select an evaluation method

An effective plan for implementing a solution includes

Analytical hierarchy matrix

Schedule

Collective wisdom indicator

Mind map

Communication about your proposed solution include

A notice that we have a limited amount of time

A code of ethics

A worst case scenario

Details about how the solution will be put in place

Which of the following is not a variable you might track when monitoring a solution

Expert advice

Production logs

Daily sales data

Customer surveys

What should you do if your solution is not causing expected improvement

Wait for the problem to solve iteself

Abandon the solution

Adjust the solution promptly

Stop monitoring efforts

When testing a solution, you should

Create the most stressful test possible, even if it is dangerous

Consider the worst case scenario

Stick to the superficial part of the solution

Make the results confidential

Why might you give a presentation after verifying a solution

To communicate your progress

To provide and opportunity for brainstoroming

To entertain your colleagues

To defer a decision

In which of the following scenarios is an adaptive technique not appropriate

You have limited amount of time to work

The risks are minimal and costs are low

The solution is easily reversible

You need an exhaustive analysis

Negotiating new terms with a tour operator instead of dropping the tour is an example of

Using your intuition

Risk analysis

Managing by exception

Staggering a decision

Ethical problem solving leads to solutions that

Produce the most good while doing the least harm

Are perfect

Serve narrow interests

Have more costs than benefits

Which of the following is not an example of an ethical dilemma

Cust expenses, though many employees will lose

Reduce quality, even if it makes a product less safe

Sell new products abroad, though they are banned their jobs in this country

Increase sales of services, though the services are new

What is a mashup

A matrix for making decisions

A way to use groups to solve problems

An informal way to make decisions based on intuition or common sense

A web application that combines features or information from more than one source

A business might create a mashup to

Develop views of information that aid in decision making

Test solutions using worst case scenarios

Learn how to manage by exception

Schedule web conferences

A(n) ____________ is a written or spoken statement that someone makes about a particular topic that is either true or false

Opinion

Claim

Hasty generalization

Fallacy

What is an argument

Claims that support a particular conclusion

Any subject of controversy

An act based on a flawed assumption

The limit of your own knowledge

Which of the following is not a premise indicator

In my opinion,

Assuming that

Because

For that reason

What type of reasoning takes an argument from general observations or premises to a specific conclusion

Inductive

Conductive

Deductive

Cause-and-effect

An argument that logically follows its true premises is

Credible argument

Good argument

Valid argument

Sound argument

If an argument is valid and the premises are true, the conclusion must be

Sound

True

Weak

False

What should you do when someone makes an assertion

Test the assertion

Assume it is correct

Accept the assertion

Look for a premise indicator

What is a proposition or claim that is taken for granted as though it were known to be valid

An assertion

An assumption

A sound argument

A conclusion

Which of the following is not an obstacle to critical thinking

Normalization

Social conditioning

Creative thinking

Being egocentric

What is an outlier

An extreme experience in the past

An emotional reaction to a logical problem

Someone far outside the norm

A goal in critical thinking

What do you call an invalid argument that is presented to appear valid

Outlier

Unsound

Hasty generalization

Fallacy

What type of argument asserts that if one even happens, another event will inevitably occur as a result

Slippery slope

Composition error

Outward path

Rubik's cube

An inductive argument is one that makes general conclusion based on

General behavior

Fallacies

Social conditioning

Specific instances or observations

What type of reasoning error assumes that if part of something has a particular quality, they whole share that quality

Composition

Equivocation

Post hoc, ergo propter hoc

Metaphor

Which of the following is NOT a habit of critical thinkers

Intellectual humility

Cynicism

Methodical reasoning

Questioning assumptions

What quality do you have when you understand the limits of your own knowledge

Intellectual humility

Valid arguments

Scientific reasoning

Social conditioning

Which of the following is an advantage e-books offer over conventional books

Can transport without power source

Can absorb greater physical damage

Can search electronically using hyperlinks

Can judge an e-book by its cover

Which of the following is an advantage traditional books offer over e-books

Include multimedia

Can adjust font size

Can annotate without making permanent marks

Do not need special equipment or software

What are group dynamix

Changes noted in the action plan

Ways to organize an idea's costs and benefits

How people work and interact with each other

How resources are provided where they are needed

Knowing about the process, personalities, and subtleties of how a company operates is called

Organizational memory

Groupthink

Logistics

Consensus

In a business, a team is

Two or more people attending a meeting

A group of people who work together cooperatively on a common objective

A group of people that meet regularly

Two or more people who share expectations and obligations

What do successful teams allow time for when the group first starts to meet

Online scheduling

Creating action plans

Convergent thinking

Socializing

Divergent thinking describes thought processes or methods used to

Design credible arguments

Select the best alternative

Generate ideas

Overcome resistance to change

Which of the following is NOT an excercise in divergent hinking

Brainstorming

Outlining

Free writing

Mind mapping

A goal of convergent thinking is to

Narrow possible options to a manageable set

Identify tasks, resources, and expenses

Avoid groupthink

Reach a group consensus

Which of the following tools help to perform cost-benefit analysis

Three pile analysis

SWOT analysis

Online communication channel

Decision balance sheet

A team leader who actively seeks advice from the group before making a decision is using

A consultative approach

Consensus decision-making

A command style

An active advice approach

When is majority rule an efficient decision-making techniques

When using a command style

When choosing between two alternatives

When group members support several options

With small groups

Which of the following is NOT a common group trap

Overhead

Superman complex

Stress

Devil's advocate

When group members avoid presenting ideas that fall outside the groups's comfort zone, they are suffering from

Groupthink

Group analysis

The superman complex

Consensus building

Which of the following tools is useful when working in a large group or one with members in more than one location

Impact analysis

Online calender

Air time

Electronic book

Before a meeting of a large group, you should

Ask for extra time to hand out materials

Distribute materials electronically

Reserve air time

Send email to participants explaining that no supporting materials are allowed

What is the purpose of an action plan

To identify the consequences of each idea

To document meeting activities

To review ideas and reduce them to a manageable number

To summarize the activities the group agrees to perform

Which of the following is NOT a way to build a sustainable agreement

Introduce all changes at the same time

Communicate openly

Overcome fears

Manage the pace

In most online cheduling tools, the meeting organizer uses an donline calendar to

Vote for meeting locations

Schedule range voting

Select times for a meeting

Distribute documents electronically

After participants repond to a meeting invitation, how does Doodle help you select the best time

It reserves a conference room

It sends electronic RSVPs

It publishes a group calendar online

It tabulate responses and reports the results

A decision support system helps you

Generate ideas

Identify and solve problems and make decisions

Communicate with colleagues

Prepare for presentations

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using a decision support system

Provide better logistics

Improves efficiency in making complex decisions

Adds objectivity

Helps to communicate decisions

When you create a numeric representation of the decision, you are creating a(n)

Presentation

Analytical documents

Model

Consensus

What should you do before comparing subjective data

Plot the data

Create model

Find the mean

Rate it on a response scale

When you sum the values of items and then divide by the number of items, you are calculating the

Arithmetic mean

Mode

Median

Arithmetic standard

Which of the following calculations is useful for describing data that includes widely varying numbers

Median

Standard deviation

Mode

Norm

A pointer that you include in a formula to tell spreadsheet where to find the actual data is called a

Formula

Decision variable

Function

Cell reference

To take advantage of pre-programmed formulas that simplify common mathematical tasks, you can use a

Formula

Constants

Function

Cell reference

Values that could change and affect the results are called

Decision variables

Constants

Output variable

Arguments

The values that you study with a what-if analysis are the

Decision variables

Constants

Output variables

Arguments

How can you indicate the significance of each variable in a decision

Assign an appropriate weight

Use one as a constant in the model

Convert the values to the same form

Normalize the variables

How can you account for differences in variables

Create a decision tree

Play what-if

Normalize them

Find the standard deviation

In a decision tree, what does each branch of the ree represent

An assignment to member of the group

A new idea

An option that is unlikely to work

An option and its benefits, costs and likelihood

What shapes do you use in a deicision tree

Circles, squares and lines

Rectangles only

Circles and diamonds

Tree shapes

In line charts, what does the line show

The relation of parts to the whole

Accumulated values

Directions or trends in the data over time

Where data is not related

Circular charts divided into sectors are

Circle charts

Pie charts

Area charts

Slice charts

Which of the following is NOT an example of spreadsheet software

Microsoft office Excel

Apple spreadsheets

Openoffice calc

Google spreadsheets

Which of the following is an advantage of using Gnumeric

It is a free, open source spreadsheet program

It is popular with Macintosh users

It is designed for online collaboration

It creates elegant pivot table

Is your knowledge of something without having to discover or learn it

Decisions

Intuition

Problem

Argument

To solve a problem in a methodical and organized manner

Common sense

Intuition

Systematic

Risk

Choices you make when faced with a set of options or alternatives

A problem

Complex problem

Decisions

Ethics

Is an obstacle that stands in the way of achieving a desired goal

Problem statement

Root-cause analysis

Risk

A problem

Is a clear, concise description of the problem and the effect you expect from the solution

Root-cause analysis

Complex problems

Problem statement

Brainstorming

A study that determine the real basis for the problem

Self-serving biras

Evaluation

Stakeholders study

Root cause-analysis

Are those that have no clear boundaries, are unique, or have no single optimal solution

Complex problems

Risk

Dilemmas

Evaluation criteria

Is an exposure to a change of loss or damage

Threat

Risk

Ethics

Mind mapping

When working in a company with a strong set of cultural norms, it is easy to adopt popular opinions and follow the expectations of other, this is called

Majority rule

Ethics

Critical thinking

Bandwagon effect

Is anything that leads you to see the data as you most want it to appear

Herd effect

Self-serving bias

Selective approach

Claim

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