Quality Management
Approach focusing on process improvement as a means to meet a set standard
QUALITY PLANNING
QUALITY ASSURANCE
QUALITY MANAGEMENT
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
ISO 9003-2013
ISO 9001-2014
ISO 9002-2014
ISO 9001-2015
Process by which lab ensures quality results by closely monitoring pre-analytical, analytical, & post-analytical stages of testing
QUALITY PLANNING
QUALITY ASSURANCE
QUALITY MANAGEMENT
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
This phase may include specimen handling issues that occur even prior to the time the specimen is received in the laboratory.
PRE-ANALYTICAL PHASE
ANALYTICAL PHASE
POST-ANALYTICAL PHASE
EXAMPLE OF PRE ANALYTICAL PHASE
Pipetting of sample
Automated machine
Reporting & Encoding of the Laboratory
Order of draw
This phase may include what is usually considered the actual laboratory testing or diagnostic procedures, processes and products that ultimately provides a result.
PRE-ANALYTICAL PHASE
ANALYTICAL PHASE
POST-ANALYTICAL PHASE
This phase culminates in the production of value, final result or in case of histology, a diagnostic pathology report.
PRE-ANALYTICAL PHASE
ANALYTICAL PHASE
POST-ANALYTICAL PHASE
EXAMPLE OF ANALYTICAL PHASE
Order of draw
Reporting & Encoding of the Laboratory
Pipetting of sample
Specimen handling
A system for recognizIng and minimizing (analytic) errors.
QUALITY PLANNING
QUALITY ASSURANCE
QUALITY CONTROL
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
A system of ensuring accuracy and precision in the laboratory & involves monitoring of analytical processes.
QUALITY PLANNING
QUALITY ASSURANCE
QUALITY CONTROL
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
It involves proficiency testing programs that periodically provide samples of unknown concentration of analytes to participating laboratories.
EXTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL
INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL
It is important in maintaining long term accuracy of the analytical methods.
EXTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL
INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL
Method used tΓΆ validate a particular measurement process. The results are compared with other external laboratories to give an objective indication of test accuracy.
PROFICIENCY TEST
PROFICIENCY SAMPLES
Specimens that have known concentrations of an analyte for the test of interest. The testing laboratory does not know the targeted concentration when tested
PROFICIENCY TEST
PROFICIENCY SAMPLES
National Reference Laboratory for Dengue, Influenza, Tuberculosis and other Mycobacteria, Malaria and other parasites, Bacterial enteric diseases, measles and other viral exanthems, Mycology, Enteroviruses, Antimicrobial resistance and Emerging Diseases; NRL for confirmatory testing of blood donors and blood units.
San Lazaro Hospital
East Avenue Medical Center
Research Institute for Tropical Medicine
Lung Center of the Philippines
National Reference Laboratory for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Diseases.
San Lazaro Hospital
Research Institute for Tropical Medicine
East Avenue Medical Center
Lung Center of the Philippines
National Reference Laboratory or Environmental and Occupational Health; Toxicology and Micronutrient Assay.
San Lazaro Hospital
Research Institute for Tropical Medicine
East Avenue Medical Center
Lung Center of the Philippines
National Reference Laboratory for Hematology including immunohematology
Research Institute for Tropical Medicine
Lung Center of the Philippines
National Kidney and Transplant Institute
East Avenue Medical Center
National Reference Lab for Anatomic Pathology and Biochemistry
National Kidney and Transplant Institute
Research Institute for Tropical Medicine
Lung Center of the Philippines
East Avenue Medical Center
It occurs when the data set can be accurately described by the SD and the mean.
CUMULATIVE SUM GRAPH (CUSUM)
GAUSSIAN CURVE (BELL-SHAPED CURVE)
YOUDEN/TWIN PLOT
SHEWHART LEVEY-JENNINGS CHART
It is used to compare results obtained on a high and low control serum from different laboratories.
CUMULATIVE SUM GRAPH (CUSUM)
GAUSSIAN CURVE (BELL-SHAPED CURVE)
YOUDEN/TWIN PLOT
SHEWHART LEVEY-JENNINGS CHART
It is the most widely used QC chart in the clinical laboratory.
CUMULATIVE SUM GRAPH (CUSUM)
GAUSSIAN CURVE (BELL-SHAPED CURVE)
YOUDEN/TWIN PLOT
SHEWHART LEVEY-JENNINGS CHART
Main cause of shift
Deterioration of Reagent
Improper Calibration of the Machine
Random & Systemic Error
Main cause of trend
Deterioration of Reagent
Improper Calibration of the Machine
Random & Systemic Error
Main cause of outlier
Deterioration of Reagent
Improper Calibration of the Machine
Random & Systemic Error
It recognizes that the use of simple upper and lower control limits is not enough to identify analytical problems
CUMULATIVE SUM GRAPH (CUSUM)
WESTGARD CONTROL CHART
YOUDEN/TWIN PLOT
SHEWHART LEVEY-JENNINGS CHART
Dispersion of repeated measurements about the mean due to analytical error
Random error
Imprecision
Inaccuracy
Systemic error
Difference between a measured value and its true value; due to systematic error, which can be either constant or proportional
Random error
Imprecision
Inaccuracy
Systemic error
Error varies from sample to sample. Causes include instrument instability, temperature variations, reagent variation, handling techniques, and operator variables
Random error
Imprecision
Inaccuracy
Systemic error
Error always in one direction
Random error
Imprecision
Inaccuracy
Systemic error
It is a performance improvement program in which the goal is to improve the process by eliminating variations or errors.
It is a system for reducing waste ("nonvalued activities") especially in production or manufacturing processes.
The ability of analytical method to measure the smallest concentration of the analyte of interest.
Precision
Accurary
Specificity
Sensitivity
The ability of an analytical method to measure only the analyte of interest
Precision
Accurary
Specificity
Sensitivity
The nearless or closeness of the assayed value to the true or target value
Precision
Accurary
Specificity
Sensitivity
The ability of an analytical method to give repeated results on the sample that agree with one another
Precision
Accurary
Specificity
Sensitivity
A warning rule that initiates testing of control data by other rules.
1 3s
2 2s
4 1s
1 2s
This plot will give the earliest indication of systematic errors (trend) and shift.
GAUSSIAN CURVE (BELL-SHAPED CURVE)
CUMULATIVE SUM GRAPH (CUSUM)
YOUDEN/TWIN PLOT
WESTGARD CONTROL CHART
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