Climate Change - Know the full story
Consider the following quote: "We must remember our duty to Nature before it is too late”. Who said this?
Al Gore
Margaret Thatcher
Greta Thunberg
George W. Bush
Naomi Klein
Given current climate trends, how long is it expected, according to Pollard & DeConto (2009), to take for all of the Earth's polar ice to melt?
500 years
5000 years
+15000 years
According to a Yale and George Mason University poll, what percentage of American Republicans supported an increase in funding of energy sources such as wind and solar?
35%
53%
61%
75%
According to Zwally et al. (2015), what was the net change in the mass of ice (per year) of the Antarctic Ice Shelf between 2003-2008?
-167 billion tonnes (-0.00642%)
No net change
+82 billion tonnes (+0.00315%)
According to McMillan et al (2016), what was the net change in the mass of ice (per year) on Greenland between 2011-2014?
-269 billion tonnes (-0.1011%)
No net change
+43 billion tonnes (+0.0162%)
According to Bounoua et al (2010), what is the expected rise in temperature, accounting for negative feedback, if CO2 levels were to rise to 700 ppm? (Temperature difference from 350 ppm/~1989)
+0.71 degrees Celsius
+3.64 degrees Celsius
+1.68 degrees Celsius
-0.23 degrees Celsius
Based off of Mélières & Maréchal (2015), what percentage of total (natural + anthropogenic) emitted CO2 is anthropogenic? (The total being around 780 billion tonnes of CO2)
43-45% (Around 340 billion tonnes)
27-29% (Around 218 billions tonnes
3-5% (Around 30 billion tonnes)
What percentage, from Le Quéré et al (2012), of emitted anthropogenic CO2 is absorbed by oceans and land?
100%
55%
37%
12%
From data based from Tripati et al (2009), when was the last time that atmospheric CO2 was as high as today (415 ppm)?
10,000-50,000 years ago
15-20 millions years ago
80-90 million years ago
240-260 million years ago
Opinion 1a - Are arguments from consensus a valid form of argumentation or persuasion?
Yes
No
Opinion 1b - "97% of climate scientists agree that current climate change trends are anthropogenic". Is this a good argument?
Yes
No
Opinion 2a - Are arguments from authority a valid form of argumentation or persuasion?
Yes
No
Opinion 2b - "World leaders, such as Trudeau and Merkel, realise the gravity of the situation, and are fighting climate change". Is this a valid argument?
Yes
No
Opinion 3a - Is appealing to fear a valid form of argumentation or persuasion?
Yes
No
Opinion 3b - A certain prediction was made: “The displacement of hundreds of millions of climate refugees, civil unrest, chaos and the collapse of governance in many developing countries, large-scale crop failures and the spread of deadly diseases.” Is this a valid argument?
Yes
No
Opinion 4a - Are post hoc (arguments after the fact) arguments valid?
Yes
No
Opinion 4b - Consider the following: "Hurricane Katrina was caused by global warming, but there have been no hurricanes in New Orleans since 2005, therefore global warming is no longer a problem." Is this a valid argument?
Yes
No
Sources:
Pollard, D., DeConto, R. (2009). Modelling West Antarctic ice sheet growth and collapse through the past five million years. Nature 458, 329–332. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07809
Leiserowitz, A., Maibach, E., Rosenthal, S., Kotcher, J., Gustafson, A., Bergquist, P., Ballew, M., & Goldberg, M. (2018). Energy in the American Mind, December 2018. Yale University and George Mason University. New Haven, CT: Yale Program on Climate Change Communication. DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/BDQ25https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/energy-in-the-american-mind-december-2018/2/
(note: this is a slightly different poll to the original, but this one has funding for renewable energy research at 80% for Republicans, up from 50%).
Zwally, H., Li, J., Robbins, J., Saba, J., Yi, D., & Brenner, A. (2015). Mass gains of the Antarctic ice sheet exceed losses. Journal of Glaciology, 61(230), 1019-1036. doi:10.3189/2015JoG15J071
(note: There is a lot of discussion and controversy around this; an interesting read for sure.)
McMillan, M., et al. (2016), A high‐resolution record of Greenland mass balance, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 7002– 7010, doi:10.1002/2016GL069666.
Bounoua, L., Hall, F. G., Sellers, P. J., Kumar, A., Collatz, G. J., Tucker, C. J., and Imhoff, M. L. ( 2010), Quantifying the negative feedback of vegetation to greenhouse warming: A modeling approach, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L23701, doi:10.1029/2010GL045338.
Mélières, M., Maréchal C. (2015). Climate Change: Past, Present, and Future. Wiley Blackwell, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Le Quéré, C., Andres, R., Boden, T., Conway, T., Houghton, R., House, J., Marland, G., Peters, G., van der Werf, G., Ahlström, A., Andrew, R., Bopp, L., Canadell, J., Ciais, P., Doney, S., Enright, C., Friedlingstein, P., Huntingford, C., Jain, A.,
Jourdain, C., Kato, E., Keeling, R., Klein Goldewijk, K., Levis, S., Levy, P., Lomas, M., Poulter, B., Raupach, M., Schwinger, J., Sitch, S., Stocker, B., Viovy, N., Zaehle S., Zeng N.,(2012), “The Global Carbon Budget 1959–2011”, Earth System Science Data Discussions (in review), http://www.earth-syst-sci-data-discuss.net/5/1107/2012, DOI:10.5194/essdd-5-1107-2012
Tripati, A. K., Roberts, C. D. and Eagle, R. A. (2009) Coupling of CO2 and Ice Sheet Stability Over Major Climate Transitions of the Last 20 Million Years. Science, 326: 1394-1397.
Sources:
Pollard, D., DeConto, R. (2009). Modelling West Antarctic ice sheet growth and collapse through the past five million years. Nature 458, 329–332. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07809
Leiserowitz, A., Maibach, E., Rosenthal, S., Kotcher, J., Gustafson, A., Bergquist, P., Ballew, M., & Goldberg, M. (2018). Energy in the American Mind, December 2018. Yale University and George Mason University. New Haven, CT: Yale Program on Climate Change Communication. DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/BDQ25https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/energy-in-the-american-mind-december-2018/2/
(note: this is a slightly different poll to the original, but this one has funding for renewable energy research at 80% for Republicans, up from 50%).
Zwally, H., Li, J., Robbins, J., Saba, J., Yi, D., & Brenner, A. (2015). Mass gains of the Antarctic ice sheet exceed losses. Journal of Glaciology, 61(230), 1019-1036. doi:10.3189/2015JoG15J071
(note: There is a lot of discussion and controversy around this; an interesting read for sure.)
McMillan, M., et al. (2016), A high‐resolution record of Greenland mass balance, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 7002– 7010, doi:10.1002/2016GL069666.
Bounoua, L., Hall, F. G., Sellers, P. J., Kumar, A., Collatz, G. J., Tucker, C. J., and Imhoff, M. L. ( 2010), Quantifying the negative feedback of vegetation to greenhouse warming: A modeling approach, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L23701, doi:10.1029/2010GL045338.
Mélières, M., Maréchal C. (2015). Climate Change: Past, Present, and Future. Wiley Blackwell, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Le Quéré, C., Andres, R., Boden, T., Conway, T., Houghton, R., House, J., Marland, G., Peters, G., van der Werf, G., Ahlström, A., Andrew, R., Bopp, L., Canadell, J., Ciais, P., Doney, S., Enright, C., Friedlingstein, P., Huntingford, C., Jain, A.,
Jourdain, C., Kato, E., Keeling, R., Klein Goldewijk, K., Levis, S., Levy, P., Lomas, M., Poulter, B., Raupach, M., Schwinger, J., Sitch, S., Stocker, B., Viovy, N., Zaehle S., Zeng N.,(2012), “The Global Carbon Budget 1959–2011”, Earth System Science Data Discussions (in review), http://www.earth-syst-sci-data-discuss.net/5/1107/2012, DOI:10.5194/essdd-5-1107-2012
Tripati, A. K., Roberts, C. D. and Eagle, R. A. (2009) Coupling of CO2 and Ice Sheet Stability Over Major Climate Transitions of the Last 20 Million Years. Science, 326: 1394-1397.
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