How do we measure value?
Value = Health outcomes / Dollars spent
Value = Dollars spent / Health outcomes
Value = Health outcomes x Dollars spent
Value = Dollars spent x Health outcomes
What is the correct order of patient-centered outcomes
Diagnostic, orthopaedic consult, surgery, rehabilitation, primary care
Primary care, orthopaedic consult, diagnostic, surgery, rehabilitation
Primary care, diagnostic, surgery, rehabilitation, orthopaedic consult
Primary care, diagnostic, orthopaedic consult, surgery, rehabilitation
What are the incorporating measures of 'health'? select all that apply
rupture of uterus
no still birth
APGAR >5 at 5 mins
no postpartum haemorrhage
no admission to ICU
no hypoxia
GnRH is
92 AA
118 AA
69 AA
121 AA
Oestrogen synthesis occurs predominately
F: 100% ovaries, M: 75% extra-gonadal aromatisation of T
F: 90% ovaries, M: 70% extra-gonadal aromatisation of T
F: 100% ovaries, M: 70 % extra-gonadal aromatisation of T
F: 90% ovaries, M: 75% extra-gonadal aromatisation of T
What is FALSE about prolactin
Essential for breast development
Major role in lactation and milk production
Role in post-partum ammenorhea
Levels drop in absence of feeding
What is NOT a possible outcome of secondary amenorrhoea
PCOS
Asherman Syndrome
Klienfelter Syndrome
Pregnancy
Perimenopause
hyper/hypogonadotrophic
What is the most commonly used contraceptive
Oral contraceptive
Implant
Condoms
IUD
What forms of contraceptives are combined hormonal?
IUD
Condom
Pill
Implant
Vaginal ring
Diaphragm
Depo shot
When is contraception immediately effective after a surgical abortion
5-10 days
1-5 days
1-10 days
1-8 days
What is not a cause of male infertility?
high heat exposure
testicular cancer
undescended testes
cystic fibrosis
enlarged veins in the scrotum
low testosterone
high heat exposure
use of anabolic steroids
obstruction
ejaculating too often
what is not a cause of female infertility?
abnormal menstruation
kidney disease
blocked fallopian tube
celiac disease
past ectopic pregnancy
PCOS
Cushings syndrome
past use of contraceptives
sickle cell anemia
What fertility awareness method has the highest success rate?
Rhythm method
Temperature Method
Sympto-Thermal Method
Billings Method
Cervix Changes
What of the following is correct?
NO activates the Endothelial cell
NO activates Guanylyl cyclase
cGMP stimulates smooth muscle contraction
smooth muscle contraction = erection
Select all bacterial STIs
Herpes
Pubic lice
Mycoplasma
Syphilis
Hep A, B, C
Chlamydia
Lymphogranuloma venereum
HPV
HIV
Gonorrhoea
What is the mortality rate of cervical cancer?
40-50%
30-35%
20-30%
35-40%
What is the average age of menopause onset?
49
53
55
51
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