Patho Test 2
Pathophysiology Mastery Quiz
Test your knowledge and understanding of pathophysiology with our comprehensive quiz designed for medical students, healthcare professionals, and anyone interested in the intricacies of cell injury, inflammation, and disease processes.
Challenge yourself with questions covering key topics such as:
- Cellular responses to injury
- Inflammatory processes
- Acid-base balance
- Diseases and conditions affecting various body systems
Which of the following is NOT a biochemical event characteristic of cell injury and death?
ATP accumulation
Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species
Loss of Calcium steady state
Cell membrane damage
True/False: Once initiated, acute cellular swelling during ischemia is irreversible
True
False
True/False: Restoration of oxygen in ischemic states is called reperfusion and can result in additional injury
True
False
Which of the following is the mot common cause of cellular injury
Hypoxia
Chemical injury from drugs
Free radical-induced injury
Chemical injury from pollutants
_______, defined as "eating of self", is a self-destructive process serving as a survival mechanism and declines/becomes less efficient with age.
Necrosis
Apoptosis
Autophagy
Necroptosis
Which type of necrosis best describes death of a cell from hypoxia, generally as a result of ischemia in the lower extremities?
Fat
Coagulative
Liquefactive
Gangrenous
Which statement is TRUE with regard to cellular change due to aging?
The cellular changes are reversible
DNA becomes less susceptible to injurious stimuli
The cellular changes proceed slowly and in small increments
Lipid, calcium, and plasma proteins are less likely to be deposited in vessel walls
A 24y/o female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding. The physician identified endometrial changes that are due to hormonal imbalances resulting in increased mitosis. These cellular changes would be referred as:
Metaplasia
Pathologic hyperplasia
Atrophy
Pathologic Dysplasia
A 40y/o female's pap smear indicates abnormal changes in the shape and organization of cervical cells. Which term would be used to identify this type of change?
Metaplasia
Dysplasia
Atrophy
Hypertrophy
A 55y/o male is diagnosed with hepatocellular cancer secondary to Hep C. If the cancerous region of the liver is removed, the remaining cells would undergo:
Pathologic hyperplasia
Pathologic Metaplasia
Compensatory Aplasia
Compensatory Hyperplasia
Myositis ossificans in which pathologic bone formation occurs at a site where bone is not normally found
Hypertrophy
Metaplasia
Dysplasia
Atrophy
Hypertension resulting in enlarged left ventricle
Hypertrophy
Metaplasia
Atrophy
Dysplasia
Synovial chondromatosis in which cartilage develops in the synovial membrane of joints, bursa, or tendon sheaths
Atrophy
Dysplasia
Metaplasia
Hypertrophy
Active enzymes that initiate apoptosis and dismantle cellular proteins during apoptosis are called:
Lipases
Caspases
Kinases
Dismutases
Yellow tinting of the skin is known as ______ and is associated with elevated levels or ______.
Pallor, Albumin
Erythroderma, Bilirubin
Pallor, Bilirubin
Icterus, Bilirubin
Active TB disease is characterized by _____ necrosis, whereas death of brain cells is characterized by______ necrosis.
Liquefactive, Coagulative
Caseous, Liquefactive
Caseous, Fatty
Coagulative, Liquefactive
True/False: Postmortem changes do not involve the inflammatory response.
True
False
Which type of Effusion: High Protein and Cell Content
Transudate
Exudate
Which type of Effusion: Secondary to Inflammatory Processes
Transudate
Exudate
Which type of Effusion: Secondary to Protein Deficiency
Transudate
Exudate
The first line of defense against microorganisms is:
Phagocytosis
Anatomic barriers
Vasoconstriction
The complement cascade
Which is not a cardinal sign of acute inflammation
Calor
Palor
Tumor
Dolor
All are cardinal signs
Which of the following is true regarding the Inflammatory Response
It is slow to initiate
It is nonspecific
It occurs only in vascularized tissues
A+B
B+C
Generally, increased sodium levels result in chloride levels that _______.
Increase
Decrease
Stay the same
The two arent related
Normally in response to decreased plasma volume, _____ is secreted by the ______ which results in increased volume.
Aldosterone, lungs
ADH, adrenal cortex
ADH, posterior pituitary
Aldosterone, posterior pituitary
While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are at a higher risk for developing dehydration because they have:
Increased thirst
Increased risk for developing edma
Higher total body water volume
Decreased muscle mass
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined by:
Antidiuretic hormone
Osmotic forces
Plasma oncotic pressure
A ARNP recalls that regulation of acid-base balance through removal or retention of volatile acids is accomplished by the:
Skin
Buffer systems
Liver
Lungs
Which patient should the nurse assess for both Hyperkalemia and Metabolic acidosis? A patient diagnosed with:
Cushing syndrome
Pulmonary disorders
Renal failure
Diabetes insipidus
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by:
Secreting aldosterone
Excreting hydrogen via kidneys
Retaining CO2 in the lungs
Hyperventilating
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